Research project on technology about apron. Creative project on technology on the topic "making an apron"

I Preparatory stage________________________________3

Project selection and justification

Model requirements
Selection of tools and materials

Identifying traditions, history and trends

II Technological stage________________________________________________5

Design and modeling

Manufacturing technology

III Final stage_________________________________9

Economic calculation

Ecological justification

Conclusion

Resources used_____________________________________________10

I Preparatory stage

Project selection and justification:

In technology lessons we studied the topic: “Technology for making an apron.” A problem arose about how to make an apron for culinary work. I decided to design and make not only an apron, but also a potholder.

The goal of my project: to make an apron and oven mitt for culinary work.

Tasks:

1). Develop a model of an apron.

2). Select materials that combine texture and color.

3). From the leftover fabric after sewing the apron, make a pot holder in the same style as the apron.

4). Select methods for connecting parts.

5). Evaluate the work done.

Model requirements:

Selection of tools and materials:

MATERIALS:

paper for drawing and modeling, fabric, thread.

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT:

ruler, measuring tape, scissors, needle, seam ripper, sewing machine, iron, ironing board.

Identifying traditions, history and trends:

An apron (or apron) is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day. Its history begins with Ancient Egypt. Already in the early period of the existence of this country, men in public service used primitive drapery. It was attached in front to a belt, which was a narrow strip of leather or tied (woven) reed stems.

Over time, the apron became a ubiquitous type of clothing. It was a piece of fabric, the middle part of which, gathered into folds, was applied to the body in front, the rest was wrapped around the body and fastened with the free end tucked behind the middle part. The apron was held on with a belt. Its middle part had a trapezoidal, triangular or fan-shaped shape.

This part of the clothing played a very important role in the ceremonial attire of rulers, as evidenced by numerous monuments.

The apron was also part of the clothing of other ancient Eastern peoples. For example, it was widespread in Western Asia.

From the East, the apron “migrated” to Europe. In Crete and Mycenae during the Bronze Age (XIX-XVIII centuries BC), men wore a wide leather belt with which an apron was fastened around their hips. It was worn in such a way that it fell at an angle in front, and its vertical edge ran diagonally from the hip to the knee of the other leg. The fabric of the apron was decorated with a woven colored pattern.

It is also known that in Ancient Greece, men first also wore an apron tied around their hips, and on top of it they put a hlen (a large woolen scarf). Later, the apron began to be tied over the tunic.

The apron was also a characteristic feature of men's clothing among the Etruscans. In appearance it resembled the Cretan one, but it was worn over a blouse with sleeves. And among the Romans, the apron is known only as part of the clothing of priests, soldiers of some auxiliary types of troops and gladiators.

Since the Middle Ages, the apron has become an almost permanent part of work clothes. Casual dress should be covered with something while working. The apron was worn by blacksmiths, shoemakers, cooks... Guild masters considered the apron an integral part of their professional clothing.

Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century two aprons made up the skirt. He also decorated the wives of famous townspeople. In Germany, the wives of burghers wore aprons (white or colored), sometimes even double (front and back).

The apron periodically comes into fashion among the upper classes. During the reign of Louis XIV (1660-1710), French women wore a small apron with rich trimmings around the edge at home and when out and about. Sometimes, however, wanting to pay tribute to fashion, women did not think at all about how comical it looked. Following the example of the city nobility, peasant girls began to embroider and decorate their aprons in every possible way. Cunning European fashion has invented several types of aprons for different occasions. So, for example, a self-respecting European woman, when she went to the table, was obliged to cover her dress with a large napkin. This is how a special apron appeared - table (from the French word “table”). Another type of apron with a similar name is tablion, but has a completely different purpose. This is an apron for special occasions, sewn to the cloak at the front and back. It was borrowed from ceremonial Byzantine clothing and was made from patterned silk brocade for the emperor, and from smooth, plain material for the courtiers, but then it settled into its new role as a fashion accessory.

Over time, the apron became part of the festive folk costume. In some areas of Germany, a wide apron was worn only on special occasions. In Moldova, a distinctive feature of folk clothing was two aprons, covering the body in front and back, not meeting at the sides, with a rich color pattern.

The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties. In the North, the apron was embroidered and could have sleeves.

An interesting apron from the late 19th century. from the city of Kargopol, Olonets province. The intricate patterns embroidered on it are nothing more than ancient agricultural calendars. Six petals and six sprouts of the circle indicate 12 months, and the symbols on the outside are the most important milestones of the annual circle of field work. Similar monthly words were also embroidered on the hems of shirts and towels. You can understand how these things were valued, carefully passing them on from generation to generation. It is characteristic that in some regions of Russia (for example, in Transbaikalia), the traditional apron was preserved as part of the festive attire until the middle of the last century.

During the First World War, the apron proved to be an absolutely necessary piece of clothing. Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. At this time, the “maids’ clothing” apron turns into women’s work clothing. Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, as well as industrial clothing.

However, these days, the apron is gradually beginning to lose this function. To protect against harmful production factors, new special clothing is being developed - these are robes and overalls. The apron also disappears from the wardrobe of housewives.

II Technological stage

Model sketches:

I chose model No. 1, as it seemed more elegant and interesting to me. Now I will try to select the necessary fabric.

Design and modeling:

Taking measurements:

St = 28 cm.

Sat = 35 cm.

Day =16 cm.

Dnch = 42 cm.

Modeling:

cut and spread

cut off

Fabric samples:

Manufacturing technology:

1). Reveal the details.

2). Processing of individual parts.

Processing the bottom edge of the frill with a hem seam with a closed edge,

Gathering the frill,

Finishing the straps and ends of the belt with a backstitch,

Processing patch pockets using a hem seam with an open cut.

3). Connecting parts.

Connecting the frill to the bottom of the apron using a pressed seam,

Processing the side cuts of the lower part of the apron using a bending seam with a closed cut.

Connecting the pockets to the bottom of the apron with a patch seam,

Connection of straps with bib,

Connection of the bib with the lower part of the apron and with the belt.

4). Final processing.

threads

40 rub. (1 reel)

40 rub.

needle

0 rub.

I was at home

electricity

60 W x 10h x 0.04 RUR

RUB 24.00

Job

100 rub.

Total:

444 rub.

Having compared the manufactured products with samples from the store, we can conclude that my product is more expensive. But no one else has an apron like mine.

Ecological justification:

Virtually waste-free production, no emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, soil, or water bodies.
Rational use of natural resources.
There is no odor harmful to the human body during operation.
When used, it is not harmful to human skin.

Atelier "SEVILLE". Our organic cotton aprons and potholders are available in a variety of colors. Your clothes will always be clean, and you will look like a real chef.

Orders are accepted at the address: st. Friendship of Peoples 10/1 room 101.

Conclusion:

I am satisfied with my work, as I have achieved my desired goal.

The apron and potholder I made turned out beautiful and comfortable. In addition, they turned out to be very economical. It was not easy to make such products, but I managed to do it, which means I acquired sewing skills and will continue to improve them.

Resources used:

1. Technology, Textbook for students of 5th grade of secondary school (option for girls) / Edited by Sasova, M.: Ventana-Graf, 2015.

2. Technology, Textbook for students of 5th grade of secondary school (option for girls) / Edited by V.D. Simonenko, M.: Ventana-Graf, 2010.

3. http://www.myshared.ru

4. http://tehnologia.59442s003.edusite.ru/p61aa1.html

Municipal educational institution

middle School of General education

S.Susanino

Creative project

Completed by: 5th grade student

Nikiforova Yana

Head: technology teacher

Gorina O.A.

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3

Chapter 1 Organizational and preparatory stage…………………………………5

1.1. Justification for choosing the project……………………………………………...5

1.2.Rationale for choosing the model…………………………………………………….5

1.3. Justification for the choice of material .............................................................. 6

1.5. Conclusion on the first chapter………………………………………………………6

Chapter 2. Product manufacturing technology……………………………………………………7

2.1. Designing an apron on a belt………………………………………………………..7

2.2. Technological sequence of sewing an apron………………………8

2.3. Tools and accessories……………………………………………...10

2.4. Safety precautions……………………………………………………………………………….12

2.5. Conclusion on the second chapter……………………………………………………………….13

Chapter 3 Economic justification for the project……………………………………14

3.1. Cost calculation…………………………………………………………….14

3.2.Economic assessment…………………………………………………………….14

Chapter 4 Environmental assessment of the project………………………………………………………15

Self-analysis of the project………………………………………………………………………………….15

List of references……………………………………………………………….. 16

Application

Introduction

This part of the clothing played a very important role in the ceremonial attire of rulers, as evidenced by numerous monuments.

The apron was also part of the clothing of other ancient Eastern peoples. For example, it was widespread in Western Asia.

Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century two aprons made up the skirt. He also decorated the wives of famous townspeople. The apron periodically comes into fashion among the upper classes. During the reign of Louis XIV (1660-1710), French women wore a small apron with rich trimmings around the edge at home and when out and about. Following the example of the city nobility, peasant girls began to embroider and decorate their aprons in every possible way. Cunning European fashion has invented several types of aprons for different occasions. So, for example, a self-respecting European woman, when she went to the table, was obliged to cover her dress with a large napkin. This is how a special apron appeared - table (from the French word “table”). (Appendix 1. Fig. 4.)

Another type of apron with a similar name is tablion, but has a completely different purpose. This is an apron for special occasions, sewn to the cloak at the front and back. Over time, the apron became part of the festive folk costume.

(Appendix 1. Fig. 5.)

In Moldova, a distinctive feature of folk clothing was two aprons, covering the body in front and back, not meeting at the sides, with a rich color pattern.

The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties. In the North, the apron was embroidered and could have sleeves. (Appendix 1. Fig. 6.)

During the First World War, the apron proved to be an absolutely necessary piece of clothing. (Appendix 1. Fig. 8.)

Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. At this time, the “maids’ clothing” apron turns into women’s work clothing. Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, as well as industrial clothing.

I. Organizational and preparatory stage

1.1 Justification for choosing the project

In every house there is a room in which the whole family gathers every day - this is the kitchen. People spend a long time in the kitchen preparing food. When cooking, you can get your clothes dirty. To keep your clothes clean, you need an apron. That's why it is in every home. Mom has an apron, but I don’t have one yet, so I decided to sew it myself.

The main thing in an apron for the kitchen is that it is not only beautiful, but also comfortable, functional, and does not interfere with movements.

You need to sew an apron correctly and accurately, and in the future learn how to sew other clothes.

Knowledge of the subjects of the Russian language, mathematics, drawing, computer science, technology will help me correctly fulfill my goal: complete the project “Making a sewing product “Apron on a belt.” As I work, I will use additional books on making an apron. The apron is subject to hygienic, operational and aesthetic requirements.

1.Hygienic requirements: a) protection from mechanical damage; b) creation of a favorable microclimate; (determine comfort, the degree of adaptability of the apron to a person at rest and during movement, microclimate conditions and the state of the nervous system).

2. Operational requirements: a) maintaining the shape of the product; b) ease of use; c) should wash well and retain its appearance; (reliability indicators determine the degree of stability in maintaining the quality of the apron during operation).

3. Aesthetic requirements: a) harmonious combination with interior items; b) education of aesthetic taste; c) compliance with fashion trends; d) the product must be beautiful, decoratively decorated and neatly made (defined as a person’s need for beauty and creativity according to the laws of beauty.

In order to sew an apron you will need: fabric, thread, scissors, a needle and a sewing machine.

In the process of carrying out project work, I set myself the following tasks:

Learn what an apron is;

Find out when the first aprons appeared, what they were like before;

Research fabrics for sewing an apron;

Describe the process of making an apron;

Sew a neat apron.

1.2. Rationale for choosing a model

For the manufacture of an apron, various models were developed, areas of application were studied, and sketches of models were developed (Appendix 2)

Of all the ideas, I chose model No. 4. Because it is more practical for working in the kitchen. This apron has a spacious pocket. To make an apron of this model you will need a minimum amount of fabric and time. It will be made of cotton fabric and has no frills or lace. (Appendix 3.)

1.3 Rationale for choosing materials

For the apron I chose cotton fabric - chintz. This fabric has a beautiful appearance at low cost. The good hygienic properties of this fabric (high hygroscopicity, medium dust holding capacity) provide a person with comfort in such clothing. In addition, chintz is quite durable and does not require any special conditions when washing. And the good technological properties of cotton fabrics (average fraying, low slip, average shrinkage) allow even a novice seamstress to sew neat and beautiful things.

The disadvantages of this fabric include strong creasing and low abrasion resistance, which leads to the fabric losing its beautiful appearance when worn.

Fabric consumption: with a fabric width of 80 cm, 60 cm of cotton fabric with a printed pattern will be required. (Appendix 4.)

For decoration, I cut out a light belt and a pocket with a dark stripe.

1.5.Conclusions on the first chapter

A kitchen apron will not only protect my clothes from stains, it will give the kitchen in which I prepare meals for the family a warm and cozy look. Aprons come in a variety of varieties - with and without a bib, with pockets, simple and decorated with lace or embroidery. It all depends on the imagination of the creator.

Chapter 2. Product manufacturing technology

2.1.Designing an apron on a belt according to your own standards

Making an apron pattern according to the developed flow chart

(Appendix 5)

Calculation according to my standards

Construction

Waistline

Construct a right angle at point T

Bottom line

From point T down, set aside the measurement value D and and place point H

Apron width

Sat: 2+6= 29 cm

From points T and H, put the resulting value to the left. Place points T 1 and H 1

Pocket location

Constant

1. Set aside 6 cm from point H down and place point K.

2.Draw a horizontal line from point K downwards.

3. set aside 7 cm from point K to the left and place point K 1

4. From point K1 down and to the left, set aside 15 cm and put points K 2 and K 3.

5. connect points K 1 and K 2 with a straight line.

6. from point K 2 to the left and from point K 3 down, set aside 15 cm and put K 4

Construct a square K1 K 2 K 4 K 3

The width of the belt

From point P up, set aside 6 cm. Place point P 1

Belt length

S t x 2 + 20 = 93 cm

From point P1 to the right, set aside 80 cm. Construct a rectangle P P 1 P 2 P 3

2.2. Manufacturing technology

Open the apron.

Before cutting the parts, you need to check whether the fabric is fading,

determine the grain thread and the presence of weaving defects.

Technological sequence of sewing an apron (Appendix 6, 7)

Preparing cut details for basting

Image

Place copy stitches along the side line and hem line of the main apron piece

Transfer the location of the pocket to the other side of the piece using copy stitches

Remove pins. Move the part apart so that the threads of the stitches are stretched, cut them in the middle between two sections of the part

Mark the middle of the apron on the wrong side of the piece with a chalk line

Sew straight running stitches along the center line of the apron. Stitch length - 15-20 mm

Place copy stitches along the side line, hem line of the bottom of the pocket and along the fold line of the top allowance

Pull the pocket piece apart so that the stitch threads are stretched, and cut them in the middle between the two sections of the piece

On the wrong side of the pocket, mark the middle line of the pocket with chalk and place straight running stitches along it. Stitch length - 10-15 mm

Processing a patch pocket

Work sequence

Image

Fold the allowance for processing the upper edge of the pocket along the intended line to the front side and iron

Fold in the top seam allowance by 1 cm and iron

Baste and stitch the corners of the pocket to the amount of allowance along the side cuts of the pocket along the laid snares

Remove the running stitch threads, turn the processed seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the wrong side, straighten the corners of the pocket with a peg

Baste and stitch the folded edge of the pocket at a distance of 2 mm from the edge

Remove the tacking stitch threads and iron the top edge of the pocket.

Baste the bottom and side edges of the pocket along the marked lines

Iron the pocket from the wrong side

Connecting the pocket to the main part of the apron

Work sequence

Image

Place the processed pocket on the main part of the apron along the laid copy lines, aligning the line of the middle of the apron with the line of the middle of the pocket. Pin the pocket

Baste pocket, remove pins

Sew the pocket onto the main piece with a finishing stitch at a distance of 2 mm from the edge. Make machine tacks at the beginning and end of the finishing stitch.

Remove temporary threads, iron pocket

Carry out machine assemblies along the upper cut of the apron. Gathering is used as a way to create a shape for the bulge of the abdomen and as a finishing product.

Processing the top edge of the apron with a stitched belt

Work sequence

Image

Place the belt on the front side of the main part of the apron, aligning the middle of the belt with the middle of the upper cut of the apron. Pin one section of the belt with pins

Baste one section of the belt from the side of the main part of the apron at a distance of 8 mm from the sections. Remove the pins and stitch from the waistband side along the marked line. Remove temporary threads

Fold the waistband and seam allowances up. Fold the second section of the belt to the wrong side by 8 mm and sweep it, closing the stitching seam by 2 mm

Machine stitch from the front side of the apron into the waistband seam. Remove the tacking stitch threads and iron the waistband

Iron the product

2.3.Tools and devices

To make your product you need equipment with which I achieved the result, i.e. I sewed this apron:

1. Sewing machine

2. Ironing board, iron with steam humidifier, ironing iron.

3. Cotton threads No. 45 for machine work, No. 50-60 for estimating work.

4. Hand needle for estimating work No. 3, machine needle No. 70.

5. Centimeter tape.

6. Ruler

7. Paper for patterns.

8. Scissors.

2.4 Safety precautions

Safety rules when working on a sewing machine

1. Before starting work, you need to make sure that the sewing machine is working properly. Tuck your hair under the scarf and fasten the sleeve cuffs.

2. It is necessary to remove foreign objects from the machine platform: thimble, scissors, etc. Check whether the needle and foot are firmly secured.

3. Before grinding the product, check if there are any pins or needles left in it.

4. Do not lean low over the machine while working.

5. Do not keep your fingers close to the presser foot and the needle; stitch thickened areas at low speed.

When working with a hand needle

1. Store the needle in a certain place: a pincushion, a pad, etc.

2. Do not put the needle in your mouth or put it in your clothing. Sew only with a thimble.

3. Do not bite the thread with your teeth.

When working with scissors

1. Store scissors in a specific place.

2. Do not leave scissors open.

3. Do not place scissors near rotating parts of the machine, pass the scissors with the sharp ends to a friend and hold them with the sharp ends up.

Safety rules when working with an iron:

1.Before plugging in the iron, you need to check the insulation of the cord and the position of the iron on the stand.

2. Turn the iron on and off by gripping the plug body with your fingers, not the cord.

3.When working with an iron, you must have a rubber mat under your feet.

4.After finishing work, the power supply to the ironing tables must be turned off.

Prohibited:

Allow the iron to fall, the wire to switch causing loops and knots to form, and the iron to overheat.

Cool an overheated iron by immersing it in water or using a spray bottle.

Place the iron on the electrical cord.

Work with a faulty iron and independently correct iron faults and electrical wiring.

Check the heating of the iron with your fingers.

Conclusion on the second chapter

In the second chapter, I designed an apron on a belt according to my own measurements, made a drawing of the apron, the necessary fabric, studied the technological sequence of manufacturing, and repeated the safety precautions when sewing an apron.

Chapter 3 Economic feasibility study of the project

3.1 Cost calculation

To ensure the economic feasibility of manufacturing an apron, it is necessary to calculate the required materials.

Calculation of the cost of an apron.

75 rub.

Threads

2 coils

50 rub.

Total

125 rub.

3.2.Economic assessment

Since I made the apron at school, I didn't factor in energy costs. So, the full calculation of the cost of the product was 125 rubles. It follows that sewing an apron cost me less than buying it in a store

Chapter 4. Environmental assessment of the project

Nowadays, one of the pressing problems is the problem of ecology. A person must use environmentally friendly products and materials for the safety of his life. Such materials should also be used to create clothing. Now there are many different materials

The apron is made of natural fabric - the raw material for which is cotton fiber, that is, an eternal material due to its constant renewal.

Making an apron using a sewing machine is an environmentally friendly production because:

The atmosphere is not polluted.

There are no emissions of harmful substances for human health.

Almost waste-free production.

Cotton during operation does not have a harmful effect on the human body and the environment. Therefore, the manufacture and further use of an apron does not entail changes or disruptions in human life.

Self-analysis of the work done

When preparing to make the apron, I turned to historical information and found out how the apron has changed over the years. Nowadays, aprons protect clothes from various contaminants and come in different purposes, processing and design.

The apron is the first item I sewed myself. The knowledge I received in class, the recommendations and support of the technology teacher helped me with this.

In the process of completing the project work, I completed the following tasks:

Apron functions;

History of the apron;

Fabrics for sewing an apron

Apron making process

Product manufacturing sequence

Compliance with safety regulations at work

I find sewing very interesting. In the future, I really want to sew a more complex item, but for this I will need to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge, which I will acquire at school during technology lessons.

List of used literature

Technology. Service work: 5th grade: textbook for students of general education institutions / [Yu.V. Krupskaya, N.I. Lebedeva, L.V. Litikova and others]; edited by A.D. Simonenko. – 4th ed., revised, – M.: Ventana-Graf, 2009. – 192 p.: ill.

Internet resources:yandex. ru

Wikipedia. org.

http :// technology . ru

Annex 1.

Fig.1. Fig.2. Fig.3.

Rice. 4 fig.5 fig.6

Fig.7 Fig.8 Fig.9

Fig.10 Fig.11 Fig.12

Appendix 2.

Model No. 1

Cotton apron

with a printed pattern, with gathers from the top edge and pockets in a figured hem along the bottom line. Model recommended for housework

Model No. 2

Apron made of plain-dyed cotton fabric with gathers from the top edge and patch pockets. The pockets and bib are trimmed with braid, which emphasizes their original shape.

Model No. 3

Apron made of linen fabric with a one-piece bib and pockets in raised seams. Applique is available as a trim on the pockets and bib.

M Model No. 4

Apron made of cotton fabric with a printed pattern, with soft folds from the top edge, pocket inserts made of finishing fabric. The upper cut is finished with a stitched belt, the lower cut is finished with a hem seam with a closed cut.

Model No. 5

Apron made of plain-dyed cotton fabric with patch pockets and a fastened shaped bib. As a finishing touch to the apron, frills are offered on the pockets, straps and bottom. The model is recommended for culinary work

Appendix 3.

Appendix 4.

Materials used in the manufacture of the apron

Samples of threads for making an apron

Appendix 6

Progress report

Making an apron on a belt

Step-by-step production of an apron on a belt

Prepare fabrics for cutting

Cut out the base of the apron, mark the middle, outline the folds

Cut out a pocket

Iron pocket edges to wrong sides

Baste all pocket edges and machine stitch along the top edge of the pocket.

Baste the side sections of the apron with a closed hem seam, then machine stitch

Sew a pocket onto the base of the apron

Baste the prepared belt to the upper edge of the apron and stitch it on the machine.

Remove all running stitches. Carry out wet-heat treatment of the apron

The apron is ready!

Appendix 7

Terminology of hand, machine stitches, WTO used in the manufacture of aprons,

Graphic image

Copy stitches - snares are used to transfer lines to identical, paired parts after cutting a product or to transfer symmetrical lines changed during fitting from the right side to the left.

tack or baste- connect two parts of the product with hand stitches, placing one part on top of the other, the stitches are removed after machine stitching

grind -

grind -connect two parts along the contour with a straight stitch

topstitch– lay a stitch, placing one piece on top of another

Stitch - Connecting two parts by machine stitching along the edge and then

Stitch up - stitch along the folded edge of the part (stitch the bottom of the skirt);-

Iron - process the seam with a hot iron

Iron - process a section of the product with a hot iron, leveling the parts and reducing the thickness of the seams;-

Iron -

process the seam with a hot iron, directing the seam allowances in one direction

Creative project. Apron. Students of MBOU Secondary School No. 14 With. Krivenkovskoe Muratova Victoria Technology teacher: Madikova T.V. 2015

Objective of the project

Design and make an apron for yourself for working in the kitchen.

tasks:

Assess your capabilities in the field of project activities;
Develop and implement the project;
Make an apron;
Evaluate the work done.
Protect the project.

1. Justification of the problem and needs that have arisen.

For working in the kitchen and helping mom at home, so as not to get dirty

We sewed an apron during technology lessons.

Modeling and design of an apron

I cut the apron taking into account the front and back sides of the fabric, the direction of the grain thread, seam allowances and the economical arrangement of the cutting details on the fabric.

Preparing cut details for basting.

1. Place copy stitches along the side and hem lines of the apron bottom.

2. Transfer the pocket location to the other side of the apron bottom piece using copy stitches.

3. Remove the pins. Move the parts apart so that the threads of the stitches are stretched, cut them in the middle between the two sections of the parts.

4. Mark the middle of the bottom of the apron on the wrong side of the piece with a chalk line.

5. Continue with straight running stitches the line of the middle part of the lower part of the apron. Stitch length is 1.5-2.0 cm.

6. Place copy stitches along the side line, hem line of the bottom of the pocket and along the fold line of the top allowance.

7. Pull the pocket piece apart so that the stitch threads are stretched, and cut them in the middle between the two sections of the piece.

8. On the wrong side of the pocket, mark a line around the middle of the pocket with chalk and place straight running stitches along it. Stitch length 1.0-1.5 cm.

Processing a patch pocket.

1. Fold the allowance for finishing the top edge of the pocket along the marked line to the front side.

2. Fold the inside edge of the seam allowance 1 cm and press.

3. Baste and stitch the corners of the pocket to the amount of allowance on the sides of the pocket.

4. Remove the basting stitch threads, turn the processed seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the wrong side, and straighten the corners of the pocket with a peg.

5. Baste and stitch the folded edge of the pocket at a distance of 0.2 cm from the edge.

6. Remove the basting stitch threads and iron the top edge of the pocket.

7. Sweep the side and bottom cuts along the marked lines.

8. Iron the pocket from the wrong side.

Connection between pocket and apron.

1. Place the processed pocket on the bottom of the apron along the laid copy lines, aligning the line of the middle of the apron with the line of the middle of the pocket. Pin the pocket.

2. Baste the pocket and remove the pins.

3. Sew a pocket on the bottom of the apron with a finishing stitch at a distance of 0.2 cm from the edge. At the beginning and at the end, use machine tacks with a finishing stitch.

4. Remove the basting thread and iron the pocket.

Processing the bottom and side edges of the apron with a closed hem seam.

1. Fold the bottom edge of the apron to the wrong side by 0.5 cm and sweep it. Fold the bottom edge of the apron a second time along the unmarked hem line of the bottom and baste.

2. Apply a machine finishing stitch 0.2 cm from the folded edge. Remove the note stitch threads. Iron.

3. Trim off the protruding seam allowances at the corners.

4. Fold the side sections of the apron a second time along the intended line and sweep, carefully tucking in the seam allowances in the corners.

5. Continue machine stitching 0.2 cm from the folded edges of the bottom of the apron. Remove the note stitch threads. Iron.

Product manufacturing sequence

Costs for making an apron:

Calico fabric meter -100 rub.

Sewing machine needles-20r.

Braid meter - 50 rub.

Floss - 15 rub.

Total: 185 rubles.

The cost of the apron for culinary work was 185 rubles.

The cost of the product does not include the cost of tailoring, since the apron

was made by me myself.

Therefore, the design work is economically feasible

and brings savings to the family budget .

Self-esteem (total)

I learned how to sew an apron during craft classes, and made a creative project at home.

I think I can give myself a high five based on the quality of the backsplash and the scope of the creative project.

Self-esteem: 5.

Used Books:

Technology. Service work. 5 grades O.A. Kozhina and others.
Fashion magazines

Ufa – 2017

Introduction 4 pages

Main part

Study of the problem 5-6pp.

Goals and objectives 7pp.

Justification of the topic of the selected project 8-10 pages.

Technological sequence for processing the apron 10-12 pages.

Product cost 12-14 pages.

Conclusion page 14

Appendix 15 pages.

Literature 18 pages

Introduction

In our family, the kitchen is the place where we like to gather together. We also have a tradition - once a month, each family member prepares their favorite dish. I'm in the experimentation stage and that's why my clothes get very dirty. To keep your clothes clean, you need an apron. My mother and grandmother have an apron, but I don’t have one yet, so I decided to sew it myself. Knowledge of technology and the ability to sew on a sewing machine will help me correctly complete my goal: complete the project “Making an apron sewing product.”

I will also be using additional backsplash books as I go along.

In order to sew an apron, I will need: fabric, thread, scissors, a needle and a sewing machine.

In the process of carrying out project work, I set myself the following tasks:

learn what an apron is;

find out when the first aprons appeared, what they were like before;

research fabrics for sewing an apron;

describe the process of making an apron;

Sew a neat apron.

Main part

Research the problem

Apron(from Vortuch fartuch ) (or apron , cufflink, Sometimes hem ) - Designed to protect clothes from dirt during kitchen work. Invented in 1208.

An apron is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day.

Its history begins with Ancient Egypt. Already in the early period of the existence of this country, men in public service used primitive drapery, attached in front to a belt, which was a narrow strip of leather or knitted (woven) reed stalks.

Over time, the apron has become a ubiquitous type of clothing. It was a piece of fabric, the middle part of which, gathered into folds, was applied to the body in front, the rest was wrapped around the body and fastened with the free end tucked behind the middle part. The apron was held on with a belt. Its middle part had a trapezoidal, triangular or fan-shaped shape.

Since the Middle Ages, the apron has become an almost permanent part of work clothes. The apron was worn by blacksmiths, shoemakers, cooks... Guild masters considered the apron an integral part of their professional clothing.

Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century, two aprons made up a skirt. In the 17th century, the apron certainly adorned the wives of eminent citizens. In Germany, the wives of burghers wore aprons (white or colored), sometimes even double (front and back).

The apron periodically came into fashion among the upper classes.

French women at home and on walks during the reign of Louis XIV (1660-1710) wore a small apron with rich trim around the edge.

It turns out that in the 18th century in Russia an apron was called an apron or a curtain, and only women wore it. The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties.

V.I. Dal in his explanatory dictionary of the Russian language gives the following definition of an apron: “An apron is an apron, a cufflink.”

Nowadays, both women and men wear aprons. The apron may have been the first piece of clothing worn specifically for work. It is used by people of various professions not only to avoid getting dirty; they carried tools, harvest fruits and other necessary things in it.

During the First World War, the apron turned out to be an absolutely necessary part of clothing. Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. Thus, the apron turns from “maid clothes” into work clothes.

Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, also being industrial clothing.

Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton.

Linen fabrics They have a smooth, shiny surface, are distinguished by great strength and low elongation. They easily absorb moisture and wash well. Their disadvantage is that they wrinkle quickly, but they also smooth out just as quickly. These fabrics feel hard to the touch.

Silk fabrics they are soft and smooth to the touch, have a pleasant shine, are hygroscopic and breathable, but they stretch greatly, crumble, and have significant shrinkage. It is very difficult to sew from such fabrics without skills and experience.

According to historians and archaeologists, fabrics from cotton were produced in distant India back in the 11th century BC.

During the campaign of Alexander the Great, the Greeks were delighted with the art of the Indians, who knew how to produce fabrics from “wool extracted from nuts”

(that's what they called cotton). Until the end of the 13th century, only finished cotton products were imported into Europe. In 1772, the production of cotton fabric began in England. It had a unique texture and color.

Name " chintz“came to us in such a way that it is difficult even to immediately understand its original source. The Bengali name for the variegated cotton fabric “cheets” was changed by the Dutch to “sits”, and in our country it began to be called chintz.

Cotton fabrics have significant strength and hygroscopicity, quickly get wet and dry. They are comfortable to wear and hold up well to washing and ironing.

Sewing an apron is an almost waste-free production, because from leftover fabric I can sew a napkin using the patchwork technique.

Sewing an apron with your own hands is a profitable production! From an environmental point of view, the manufacturing process and operation of my product will not entail changes in the environment or disruptions in human life, since my apron is sewn from environmentally friendly materials, and I will not throw away the remaining fabric, but will sew a small napkin. Sewing process apron is an environmentally friendly production!

Functionally there are:

Goals and objectives : make an apron for culinary work in the kitchen, as well as for the purpose of consolidating the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities during its implementation; improve skills and techniques with fabric, with a sewing machine, deepen knowledge of materials processing technology, in the section “materials science”; develop creative initiative and a creative approach to work.

Sections of programs required to complete the project.

Materials Science.

Mechanical Engineering.

Artistic processing of fabric.

Construction.

Modeling.

Technological sequence.

Economics, entrepreneurship.

Organization of project implementation.

Justification of the problem and need.

Model selection.

Choice of fabric.

Selection of equipment.

Product design and modeling.

Open the products.

Technological sequence of product manufacturing.

Product cost.

Assessing the quality and complexity of the project.

Project protection.

Main problems of project implementation

Justification of the topic of the selected project .

Since I love to cook, I need an apron, but the store doesn’t have my size. I got the idea to sew it with my own hands.

Model selection.

For the project I will choose an apron from the following models that I found in fashion magazines:

Model No. 1.

Description of the model's appearance:

Apron with bib and patch pockets. The lower part of the apron and the pockets are rectangular. Fabric consumption.

The apron is made of cotton fabric.

Model No. 2.

The apron is cut at the waist, with a bib, without pockets. The upper section of the apron bib is trimmed with lace.

Fabric consumption.

The apron is made of chintz fabric. To finish the apron you will need lace.

Model No. 3.

The bib, the lower part of the apron, is oval. The wide pocket consists of three compartments. There is embroidery on the bib, pocket, towel, and potholder (instead of embroidery, you can make an applique by cutting out a finished design from fabric with a printed pattern).

Model No. 4

Set for culinary work, consisting of 2 aprons, a towel and an oven mitt. The lower part of the apron is trapezoidal. Done on the bib. The applique can be made from fabric of any color.

Model No. 5

The apron is cut at the waistline, with a bib and patch pockets. The lower part of the apron is oval-shaped, the lower and side sections of the apron are trimmed with embroidery. Fabric consumption.

The apron is made of cotton fabric. To finish the apron you will need floss.

My choice

Of the models presented to me, I chose model No. 5, because it suits my taste and work in the kitchen better. And all other aprons are more for work in production. Except for model No. 2;

Fabric selection .

For the selected project model, white cotton fabric is suitable, as it is durable, light, soft, and has good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, dries quickly, has good air permeability, and is easy to wash and iron. Cotton fabric is made from cotton fiber - an environmentally friendly product.

This apron can also be made of linen or waffle fabric.

Selection of equipment, tools, accessories .

1. Seagull sewing machine.

2. Overlock 51-A class.

3. Iron with steam humidifier, ironing board, ironing iron.

4. Cotton threads No. 40 - for machine work; No. 60 - for manual work for temporary purposes; No. 45-cotton with lavsan - for making appliqués.

5. Hand needle No. 3, machine needle No. 90, pins, scissors, thimble.

6. Ruler, measuring tape.

Auxiliary materials: paper for patterns, album with drawings, floss, hoop. fashion magazine

Apron design and modeling:

Calculation and construction according to Simonenko's textbook, grade 5, but according to our own standards.

Note: I looked at the modeling of the apron in the 5th grade technology textbook.

Cut out the apron .

I will cut the apron taking into account the direction of the grain thread, the front side, seam allowances, and the economical arrangement of cutting details on the fabric.

Technological sequence for processing the apron.

Preparing cutting details for processing .

1 Make straight stitches along the lines of the middle of the bib, the bottom of the apron, belt, and pockets.

2 Place straight copy stitches at the pocket locations.

Performing embroidery on a pocket.

1. The cockerel can be made with a chain stitch.

2. Flower petals and leaves can be embroidered using a “stitched loop” stitch.

3. The core of the flower can be decorated with beads or small beads or double-sided satin stitch.

Processing the bib .

1. Finish the side edges of the bib with a closed hem stitch.

2. Place the finished straps on the wrong side of the bib (with seams towards the middle), pin and baste to the wrong side of the bib. Place the facing over the straps, right side down. Align the top edges of the bib and facing.

Sweep the side sections of the facing onto the wrong side and iron, baste and stitch the facing with a seam width of 0.7 cm.

Fold the facing over to the front side of the bib and sweep away the seam.

Fold the bottom edge of the facing by 0.5 - 0.7 cm to the wrong side.

Insert the lace under the bottom edge of the facing. Baste and stitch 0.2 - 0.3 cm from the folded edge of the facing.

Hem the ends of the facing and lace with small oblique stitches.

Processing the bottom of the apron.

Loosen the tension of the upper thread, set the maximum stitch length to about 4 cm.

Overcast the stitching seam, bend it towards the apron and secure it in this position with running stitches.

Adjust the seam allowances to the apron along the front side by 0.1 - 0.2 mm from the fold.

Pocket processing.

Fold the seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the right side. Baste along the top edge of the pocket.

Stitch the top pocket seam allowance along the sides.

Turn the hem to the wrong side, straighten the corners, and iron.

Place a stitch along the rounded corners of the pocket for tightening, stepping back slightly inward from the intended line.

Baste the seam allowances to the wrong side and iron.

Connecting the pockets to the bottom of the apron with a patch seam.

Overlap and pin the pockets, aligning the sides with the copy stitches.

Baste and stitch pockets. Make fastenings on the upper corners.

Connection of the belt, bib with the lower part of the apron.

Place two parallel stitches along the top edge of the bottom of the apron to create gathers.

Pull the lower threads at the same time, distributing the gathering evenly.

Fold the bib with the lower part with the wrong sides inward, aligning the middles of the parts, and, aligning the cuts, pin.

Place the belt on the bib with the front side facing the front side of the bib, aligning and aligning the sections of the parts, baste and stitch.

Finish the ends of the belt with a backstitch.

Sweep out the belt.

Bend the free cut of the belt towards the front side of the lower part of the apron, iron the stitching seam towards the bib.

Bend the free edge of the belt 1 cm inward, baste and stitch the belt 1-2 mm from the folded edge.

Remove running stitches and perform WTO.

Product cost.

Name

Consumption of materials

Cotton

Floss threads

The cost of the apron for culinary work was 91 rubles. 00 kop. The cost of the product does not include the cost of tailoring, since the apron was made independently. Therefore, design work is economically feasible and brings savings to the family budget.

Quality control .

The apron produces a positive emotional effect, is made taking into account fashion and design trends, is reliable and easy to use. The project was of average complexity; I did not experience any difficulties during its implementation and I think I did an excellent job. I received satisfaction from my work.

Conclusion

It was not difficult for us to complete the project work - sewing an apron and writing a project, since the knowledge that I received while sewing an apron in class, the recommendations of the technology teacher and additional literature on this problem helped me with this.

General view of the apron: an apron with a bib, the lower part has right angles, and pockets are conveniently located on it. I liked the made apron. We believe that all seams are made correctly and accurately.

In the process of completing the project work, I completed the tasks set for myself:

learned what an apron is;

found out when aprons appeared and what they were like before;

researched fabrics for sewing an apron;

described the process of making an apron, drawing up a technological map, which included a sequence of manufacturing the product that was more convenient for me;

We sewed a neat and convenient apron for working in the kitchen.

Now we also have an apron, and we will be able to help mom in the kitchen, because we are future housewives!

I liked sewing an apron because it is a very interesting activity. In the future, I really want to sew a more complex thing, but for this I will need to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge that we will acquire at school during technology lessons. If you continue to engage in business, then if all the requirements for the quality of the finished product are met, you can get a competitive product.

Application.

Model No. 1

Model No. 2

Model No. 3

Model No. 4

Model No. 5

Literature

1 Illustrated explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. / V.I.Dal. – M.:

Eksmo, 2006. – 896 pp.: ill.

2 Makhmutova H.I. We design, model, sew. Book for students. –

M.: Education, 1994.

3. Technology: textbook for 5th grade students. comprehensive school./ Ed. V.D. Simonenko.- M.: “Ventana-Graf”, 1998 - 256 p.

4. Chernyakova V.N. Fabric processing technology: Textbook. for 5th grade. general education institutions. - M.: Education, 1997 - 160 p.

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