Presentation on the topic of halogen compounds. Presentation "halogens and their compounds"

“Iodine in the human body” - If the first line disappears in the morning, everything is fine with iodine. Beautiful dark blue iodine crystals are most similar to graphite. The daily requirement of an adult for iodine is 0.1-0.2 mg. Reacts with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids, metals, non-metals, alkalis, hydrogen sulfide.

“Iodine in the body” - It is better to buy vegetables from the coastal strip. Objectives: A lack of iodine in the body can lead to: Examine food products for qualitative and quantitative iodine content. X2 = (v-v1) · 0.0001058·кn·100 m. Do not use loose iodized salt.

“Oxygen cycle in nature” - Prevalence: Earth’s crust – 47.4% (by mass); Hydrosphere – 88.8% (by mass); Atmosphere – 20.95% (by volume). General information about the element. Migration, and therefore the cycles, are determined by: The oxygen cycle. Photosynthesis. The most important provisions of geochemistry: Electronic configuration - 2s22p4.

“Hydrogen bond” - occurs 2) inside the DNA molecule (between nitrogenous bases according to the principle of complementarity: A - T, C - G). N?+ – f?? . . . h?+ – F ?-. High temperatures. Factors that destroy hydrogen bonds in a protein molecule (denaturing factors). 2) between ammonia molecules. 4) between molecules of carboxylic acids (formic, acetic) (dimers of carboxylic acids).

“Iron compounds” - Therefore, iron belongs to the d - elements and exhibits variable valency (II) and (III). 6. Electronic formula for the structure of the atom: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s. Relative atomic mass – 56. Atomic structure: +26)2)8)14)2. The iron content in the earth's crust is 5% (mass). Naturally, mineral waters contain iron in the form of sulfate and bicarbonate.

Slide 2

Lesson Plan

1. Hydrohalic acids. 2. Hydrochloric acid and its properties. 3. Salts of hydrohalic acids. Halides. Qualitative reactions to halide ions. 4. Natural halogen compounds. 5. Reflection. 6. Summing up. 7. Homework.

Slide 3

Hydrogen halides

Н⁺ ª→Г⁻ª Physical properties of NG: HF – liquid HCI, HBr, HI – gases. Toxic!!! Highly soluble in water B 1 V water - 517 V HCI 9 18.9984 F Fluorine 17 35.453 Cl Chlorine 35 79.904 HF Bromine 53 126.904 I Iodine 85 At Astatine Halogens General formula H⁺ G⁻ HF HCI HBr HI K.P.S. HCl Hydrochloric acid

Slide 4

Determine the oxidation states of chlorine in its compounds

HClOHClO2HClO3HClO4 hypochlorous chloride perchloric acid acid acid acid

Slide 5

Acids

Hydrofluoric acid is hydrofluoric acid. Hydrochloric acid is hydrochloric acid. Hydrobromic acid - HF Hydroiodic acid HCl HBr HI S I L A K I S L O T U V E L I C H I V A E T S I F)) +9 2 8 -1 2 Cl))) +17 8 - 1 8 Br)))) 2 +35 18 8 -1 8 2 I))))) +53 8 -1 18 18 8 ??? INCREASING RION DECREASES CONNECTION STRENGTH

Slide 6

Production of hydrogen chloride (HCI) synthesis from hydrogen and chlorine Industrial method: NaCl + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl (crystal) (conc.) (crystal) Laboratory method: H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl Cl2 H2O HCl HCl h2 H2SO4 NaCl H2O HCl

Slide 7

Hydrochloric acid - HCL

Colorless liquid, with a pungent odor, smokes in air M = ? HCl Litmus - red Properties 1. Changes the color of indicators 2. Me (up to H2) 3. Basic oxides 5. Salts (weaker acids) 4. Bases Homework: Create reaction equations confirming the chemical properties of hydrochloric acid

Slide 8

Hydrohalic acids