Murashko O.Yu.
Social partnership in the activities of libraries: a conceptual and empirical approach

[Proceedings of the 10th International Scientific Conference “Librarianship 2005” (Moscow, April 2005)]

The fundamental changes that took place in all spheres of life in our country at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have led to the formation in Russia of a new system of principles and norms governing the interaction of individual economic entities. One of the democratic institutions that provides a balance of interests of various structures of society today is the institution of social partnership, which has been developing in Russia over the last decade. The interests and rights of social, corporate and regional groups are being formalized, institutions of representation and legal framework adequate to them are being formed, and the practice of collective contractual regulation is being developed. Library and information institutions, as an integral part of the sociocultural space, are subject to the objective laws of social development. Communication relations “library-society” have prospects for development precisely in the form of a system of social partnership, and for a number of objective reasons, the library often becomes the driving force in the development of partnerships. Determining the position of the library in social partnership at the present time, when the local government system is being reformed, is of priority importance. Municipal libraries are faced with the task of transforming activities in accordance with the most pressing problems of the local community. Solving this problem helps society overcome the stereotype of seeing libraries only as leisure institutions and public awareness of their capabilities as resources for the development of civil society. One of the aspects of strategic planning for library development is the formation of social partnership in the internal and external library space.
Among the objective factors for the participation of libraries in the system of social partnership, we can highlight: firstly, the presence of civil society and a stable trend in the development of democracy. This condition is decisive for the emergence of the entire system of social partnership as a whole. The institution of social partnership is in its infancy in Russia precisely because of the insufficient development of civil society. On the other hand, without the consolidation of regional and local communities and their active cooperation, it is impossible to build a civil society; secondly, the presence of entities mutually interested in partnerships.
The library today is an institution that accumulates the interests of broad sections of society. This determines the possibility of cooperation with a wide variety of institutions, organizations, and movements. Social partnership can solve local community problems in various ways. Thus, among the partners of libraries in the city of Stary Oskol, Belgorod region, we can highlight: cultural and educational organizations, the media, public organizations, municipal authorities, and commercial structures. The multifunctionality of library activities makes it possible to simultaneously participate in partnerships not only with one partner, but also to create multilateral partnership projects that combine the efforts of several partners to solve common problems. An example of a multilateral social partnership between the libraries of the Central Library of Stary Oskol is the citywide project “Read don’t slow down!” The goal of the project is to attract young people from 14 to 17 years old to read fiction, was achieved thanks to the cooperation of the youth library with the editorial teams of the youth newspapers “Evening Oskol”, “Vesnushka”, the team of the Theater for Children and Youth, the Center for Culture and Art, municipal secondary schools , Department of Culture of the City and District Administration.
Thirdly, the presence of organizational and legal mechanisms and procedures regulating social interaction. In terms of legal support for social partnership, libraries have accumulated some experience. In Stary Oskol, for example, a package of documents has been developed and put into practice regulating the relationship between the libraries of the Central Library and the founders represented by the Department of Culture. There is a collective agreement between the administration and the CBS staff. There are a number of agreements between the library and higher educational institutions of the city. But, as a rule, normative documentation does not reflect all possible aspects of the state of the theory of social partnership at the present stage.
Along with the designated objective factors, the prospects for the development of social partnership are determined by a number of subjective (internal) factors. One of them is the library staff’s awareness of the need for a partner. Expanding the range of library, consulting, educational and library services, improving library activities, increasing the competitiveness of libraries in the information services market, social demand, the need to develop library resources entails the need to select the optimal partner in each specific case. For example, when conducting book and reading or charity events, information support from the media is required. Libraries are capable of initiating the role of a social partner of both municipal authorities and the local community, which, in particular, is demonstrated by the experience of the Center for Legal Information of the central city library of Stary Oskol. Another subjective factor is rethinking the traditions of cooperation. The concept of “social partnership” is fundamentally different from the traditional collaboration of libraries. As a rule, the scope of coordination of activities was limited to communication links with other cultural and educational institutions without taking into account economic and legal aspects. This cooperation was regulated, first of all, by the directive leadership of higher authorities. The functioning of social partnership presupposes the emergence of equal horizontal connections. Currently, libraries are increasingly acting as equal partners of municipal authorities. An example is the cooperation of Stary Oskol libraries with the territorial council of deputies. Libraries act as public receptionists, receiving and analytically processing voters' orders, providing the necessary information about the progress of the election campaign. In turn, libraries received computer and copying equipment to perform this work more efficiently. The next factor is the mutual responsibility of the partners. Ideally, entering into a partnership should include the definition of effective sanctions for violation of obligations. This factor seems to be quite significant, but has not yet been applied in the practice of contracts of the Stary Oskol Central Bank. And finally, the last factor is the correspondence of the internal potential of the subjects to the tasks and goals of social partnership.
The significance of the library as a participant in social interaction largely depends on the content of its social potential. Let us emphasize that building an effective system of social partnership is only possible by analyzing internal capabilities. In this case, the following assessment criteria can be identified: determining the stage of development of the team, assessing the socio-psychological atmosphere, motivating the team’s participation in social partnership.
The level of professional development, information resources, and material resources of libraries must correspond to the tasks and goals facing it as a participant in social partnership. The strengths of the internal potential of interacting entities should complement each other and contribute to mutual development.

The modern period of social development is characterized by a sharp increase in social problems and a strengthening of the role of the general public in finding ways to solve them. Sociocultural norms of communication and interaction change, outdated models transform or die out, and new models are born. One of the new phenomena in Russian public life is social partnership, which has been recognized since the early 90s of the last century.

In the scientific literature and in practice, social partnership is characterized ambiguously. Some understand it as a specific type of social and labor relations between government bodies, the employer and the workforce. Others - in a broader sense: as a specific type of social relations between professional, social groups, layers, classes, their public associations, authorities and business. Still others - as an ideological basis for coordinating and protecting the interests of various social groups, strata, classes, their public associations, businesses and authorities.

Recently, cultural institutions that are able to have a tangible impact on the effectiveness of reforms in society and on consolidating the public to solve socially significant problems have become increasingly active participants and initiators of social partnership. Such experience of cultural institutions is reflected in publications on the pages of many publications and on the Internet. The dispersion of this information and the lack of practical and methodological recommendations indicated the need to publish this collection.

The digest “Social Partnership in the Sphere of Culture” includes publications from all-Russian print media over the past two years, which present not only the theoretical aspect of this current problem, but also the positive innovative experience of cultural institutions and organizations. It is supplemented with addresses of Internet resources: non-profit organizations, some social projects. The collection is a kind of practical guide to organizing a system of social partnership in the field of culture and is intended for administrators and managers, all those who implement socio-cultural projects and are looking for additional opportunities for their implementation.

The digest most comprehensively presents the experience of social partnership of libraries, which is dictated by the peculiarities of the information flow. However, these publications contain valuable experience that can be used by other cultural actors. The texts retain the author's punctuation and emphasis. icon<…>places in the document text that are not included in the digest are indicated.

We are waiting for your feedback on this issue and materials for the next one at the address: 163061, Arkhangelsk, st. Loginova, 2, Arkhangelsk Regional Scientific Library named after. ON THE. Dobrolyubova, Cultural Information Sector (for the digest). Tel./fax: 21-58-70, e-mail: [email protected]

The concept of social partnership

Social partnership as a mechanism for sustainable socio-economic development

“Social partnership is a system of civilized social relations that ensures the coordination and protection of the interests of workers, employers, entrepreneurs, various social groups, layers, their public associations, government bodies, local governments on the basis of contracts, agreements, reaching consensus on the most important areas of social economic and political development.<…>

Along with it [social partnership], political, corporate, agency partnerships, and social dialogue have become widespread. In addition, the practice includes the so-called non-profit partnership, implemented by non-profit organizations to achieve social, charitable, cultural, educational, scientific and managerial goals in meeting the non-material needs of citizens, their legitimate interests, as well as in the areas of protecting rights, resolving disputes and conflicts, providing legal assistance.<…>

The most important goals of social partnership are the coordination and protection of the interests of various social groups, layers and classes, assistance in solving pressing economic, social and political problems, deepening democracy, the formation of a social legal state, and an open democratic civil society.<…>

The policy of social partnership is not limited to the sphere of economic or social-labor relations. Its implementation is associated with the participation in such a process of public associations representing the interests of various social groups, strata, government bodies and local self-government, the adoption and implementation of contracts and agreements, and political decisions. Large groups of people, work collectives, representatives of settlements and territories participate in their development and adoption. Power structures most often act as organizers of the negotiation or conciliation process.<…>

Constructive civilized relations of social partnership require maximum consideration of the interests of various social groups and layers, their coordination and the most complete implementation possible. Otherwise, they will not effectively contribute to the formation of sustainable socio-economic development and political stability, or the establishment of harmony in society.<…>

Speaking at the Civil Forum, President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin emphasized that “without truly partnership relations between the state and society there can be neither a strong state nor a prosperous civil society: here we need dialogue on equal terms.”<…>

Social partnership in its essence is aimed at creating consensus and civil peace in society; to reduce tension in relationships between different social groups and strata; for the political consolidation of government bodies at all levels and local governments.

The policy of social partnership contributes to the development and deepening of democracy, the establishment of civilized forms of coordination of the diverse interests of various social groups, layers and classes, and the formation of an open democratic civil society.”

Social partnership in Russia

«<..>Creating a fair system of social order in the interests of the majority of the peoples of Russia cannot be the work of the state alone. World experience, incl. The experience of pre-revolutionary Russia shows that neither the state, nor the market, nor the family can overcome social conflicts alone. Only social partnership - constructive interaction of various forces in the public arena can provide people with equal opportunities for a decent life. The meaning of social partnership in Russia today is mutually beneficial interaction within the framework of a social triangle, including government agencies, business structures, as well as trade unions and public organizations.

Interaction is necessary in order to jointly solve significant social problems, such as poverty, homelessness, orphanhood, rampant crime, and environmental pollution. Representatives of each side of the triangle have different awareness of their own responsibility for these human troubles, have different opportunities and resources for help, and, finally, different ideas about the very nature of social problems. But, despite the differences and contradictions, cooperation is possible, and most importantly, necessary.

Social partnership is not only about the redistribution of resources to solve social problems. The object of shared responsibility is not only social problems themselves, but also ways to solve them. These are civil actions that involve the initiative of the people, actions within the framework of civil society.

Social partnership is the path to an effective state based on social consolidation, expanding public support for the goals and actions of the authorities. The idea of ​​social partnership is close and in demand among broad sections of the people. It is based on the need to unite the government with the people, create a socially just creative society, and unify the spiritual and material.

The mechanism of social partnership, consolidating the state, entrepreneurs and people around the main goals, in principle, looks like this:

In relation to society, the state takes conscious responsibility for social guarantees, receiving in return the legitimacy of power and public support;

In relation to entrepreneurs, the state provides guarantees of property rights, a favorable business climate, support for Russian business in the outside world, receiving in return support from national capital, strict compliance with the norms and rules established by the state;

The balance between society and capital is built on the principle: socially responsible behavior of entrepreneurs in exchange for public support for his interests, goals and actions.

The success of social partnership is determined by many conditions. However, there are conditions without which it simply does not work. The most important participant in the triangle of social partnership is the institution of civil society: a set of voluntary public associations, trade unions, charitable and other organizations. Participation in voluntary associations is not only a matter of private interests, desires and opportunities for self-realization. This is a question of relations between the individual and the state. Using freedoms and rights, citizens simultaneously assume responsibility and certain obligations to protect their rights, including social. To vote responsibly, citizens must be informed about the most important issues facing society. Responsibility for ensuring that these problems are formulated and presented to social partners (state and capital) largely lies with public associations. By participating in their work, citizens take responsibility for their own (themselves and others) awareness and undertake obligations to be tolerant of other points of view. This is the phenomenon of effective civic behavior - the driving force of social partnership.

<…>The modern understanding of capital participation in the triangle of social partnership is not limited to charity. The participation of entrepreneurs in solving social problems today will be determined by the economic feasibility of such costs. By investing in human capital, urban infrastructure, transport communications and communications, the entrepreneur makes a decent profit.

The task of the state is to create legal and economic incentives for the development of this activity. The task of professional and public unions is to involve capital in solving pressing social problems and inform the state about the state of cooperation.

The most important function of the state in Russia has always been to maintain balance and dialogue between different social strata and population groups. The main mistake of the past period of market reforms was a complete underestimation of the decisive role of national institutions in managing the market economy and the social sphere.

<…>The success of social partnership in Russia will be determined by the dynamics of the formation of the middle class. This class should cover at least 50% of the population, while simultaneously reducing the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level to 10-15%. The state simply will not be able to connect the polar segments of a split society for a long time unless the accelerated formation of its natural support begins - the mass layer of people with average incomes. These are people who clearly understand what they want both for themselves and their loved ones, and for their country. The formation of the middle class gives the necessary stability to the entire social structure and will serve as the basis for overcoming the social divide<..>».

National features of social partnership

“The very concept of social partnership is often misinterpreted in the public consciousness. Many people understand this phenomenon as any interaction, be it intra-corporate cooperation or establishing partnerships with other organizations. As a result, the true meaning of social partnership is distorted and concepts are substituted.

Historically, the slogan of social partnership arose as an antithesis to class conflicts and revolutions, as a way of resolving contradictions between labor and capital. The crisis of the basic concepts of government - socialism, the welfare state and modernization - required a search for new approaches. In the focus of social and political influence, initiatives of citizens appear, which unite into communities of non-profit organizations and social movements.

Today, the meaning of social partnership is to establish constructive interaction between three forces in the public arena - government agencies, commercial enterprises and non-profit organizations (these forces are usually called the first, second and third sectors, respectively).

Social partnership is a social action based on a sense of human solidarity and shared responsibility for a problem. In the most general terms, we can say that social partnership occurs when representatives of the three sectors begin to work together, realizing that this is beneficial to each group and society as a whole.

The following key points of social partnership can be highlighted:

• social problem;
• interests of partners;
• legal validity of the partnership;
• opportunities and strengths of partners;
• rules of interaction and mutual control;
• the presence of an information field covering the processes of social partnership;
• the presence of a project as a way to co-organize the parties;
• constancy and stability of the social partnership process;
• innovative ways to solve social problems.

The key point around which social partnership is formed is a social problem. But its identification and awareness by everyone is not enough for the emergence of social partnership - articulation of the interests of the parties is necessary:

• the significance of the social problem for each of the parties;
• establishing the interests of each of the possible partners;
• joint formulation of goals and objectives of activities;
• awareness of one’s role, status in society, assessment of one’s capabilities to solve the problem;
• development of clear rules of action in the process of cooperation;
• awareness by the parties that combining their forces and means gives a cumulative effect.

It is necessary to distinguish simple interaction or cooperation of efforts in solving momentary problems, most often regulated by the directives of higher management, from social partnership based on equal, long-term and mutually beneficial cooperation of parties sharing and striving to solve a social problem.

L. Olsen in his book Partnership For Social Welfare writes that “partnership is more than cooperation. It involves the development of a project culture accepted by partners as an environment for sharing tasks (responsibilities). It includes the process of finding new solutions,<...>, in which partners involve each other. It contains contractual obligations and a quality improvement system that all partners must improve and develop.”

<…>Each sector in the social partnership system has its own strengths and weaknesses. The strength of the state is its levers of power, the strength of business is the ability to provide financial resources, the third sector is the initiator of innovative ideas. But the inability to use them together gives rise to a number of problems.

Firstly, one of the most difficult tasks is finding a source of financing for projects. In most cases, social problems are solved only by means of budget subsidies, the volume of which practically does not depend on the real quality results of work, since for government organizations the budget line is always strictly limited. Moreover, Russia has not yet created a system for encouraging charitable activities, which in Western countries is a serious source of funding. Funds from grants from foreign charitable organizations and foundations are also insufficient for the broad development of social partnership.

Secondly, the problem of lack of human resources is important, or more precisely, the lack of professionals capable of ensuring the effectiveness of the social partnership process. The initiative to implement certain projects most often comes from the third sector. And the lack of experience among its representatives in administrative activities, planning, and fundraising is an obstacle to enhancing the social effect of the partnership. Enthusiasm must be based on professionalism, otherwise it will quickly fade.

The third problem is inability to innovate. Innovative methods and technologies of work, initiated by public organizations or taken from the experience of other countries, cannot always be introduced into the existing format of the social system. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that officials of various government bodies show hostility to change, especially when working with the third sector. Representatives of the latter are often perceived as “supplicants” or “subordinates”, or even as “rivals”, but not as partners. It happens that rivalry or even envy flares up within one sector or organization, which leads to blocking further cooperation.

Sometimes the opposite situation arises, when a number of public figures believe that the state should resolve many issues independently. This approach is explained by the general reasons for the underdevelopment of civil society institutions. Paternalism and social passivity have always been inherent in Russian society.

All parties must realize that social partnership presupposes professionalism, high responsibility for the quality and completeness of fulfillment of their obligations. Only with such an attitude towards joint cooperation can existing problems be overcome and the process of social partnership be made effective.

<…>Each sector in the social partnership system has its own strengths. Together they provide a powerful synergistic effect. In Western countries, this is achieved through a well-established mechanism for regulating partnerships and coordination of actions between subjects of influence.

In Russia, everything is a little different. In many cases, the commercial sector pursues only its own interests, while the state remains conservative in its views and often acts as a restraining factor in innovative projects. In such a situation, the third sector should become that creative, constructive force capable of accumulating new ideas that meet the requirements of rapidly changing social conditions<...>

Libraries occupy a special place in the system of social partnership. Being a social institution closely connected with the state, libraries essentially act as a form of organization of civil initiatives and become catalysts for the activity of various sectors of society. Having experience working with the population and information, libraries can become a key link in establishing relationships between subjects of social partnership. Let us formulate a number of important tasks that libraries are designed to solve:

• providing information support to the state, commercial organizations and NPOs;
• carrying out information and educational work with the population;
• regulation of the legislative process by expressing the interests of society;
• organization of presentations, projects, seminars.

Libraries have a powerful potential for information and educational activities, which should be aimed at developing the information society in Russia. Its specificity is that the key element in the focus of social influence is not the government, as it was before, but the institutions of civil society and the non-profit sector. The partnership process itself acquires a fruitful communication exchange between government, business and the third sector.

The famous sociologist J. Habermas calls such a society a “society of discourses”: through discussions, conferences, seminars, politicians, economists, and experts come to decisions that truly satisfy all social strata and lead to the harmonization of relations between sectors. Public discussion is not developed in Russia. Libraries should initiate dialogue between all subjects of social partnership, attract politicians, business representatives and NGOs to solve social projects and do this on an ongoing basis.

Within the framework of social partnership, the activities of libraries are largely altruistic, and are aimed primarily at the social and cultural spheres. In the absence of a clear cultural strategy from the state, libraries must make their own decisions, independently formulate cultural policy and fill the value vacuum that has formed in society.<…>

We noted that one of the criteria for the effectiveness of the social partnership process is professionalism. Libraries should be staffed not only by cultural workers, but also by specialist managers involved in public relations and marketing strategies. Libraries need to create special self-sufficient sectors and funds, the activities of which should be aimed exclusively at developing cooperation, searching for possible partners, and solving problems of developing social partnership.

By fulfilling the tasks listed above, libraries can become the main channel through which a growing number of different segments of the population will become involved in the process of cooperation. Libraries can consolidate the public on socially significant issues, which is an important factor in the development of social partnership and the formation of civil society.

Legal basis for the development of social partnership

Legal instruments for the development of social partnership

Social partnership is a system of civilized social relations aimed at coordinating and protecting the interests of representatives of various social groups, layers, classes, public associations, state and local governments, commercial and non-profit structures, government institutions, which include libraries. It develops on the basis of normative treaties and agreements, reaching consensus on the most important areas of socio-economic and political development of society.<…>
From a legal point of view, social partnership is the coordination of the actions of all parties on a certain legislative platform that reflects its essence, content and regulatory instruments. Legal support for social partnership in libraries is in the process of development. Let's consider its characteristic features.

1. Development of federal legislation, both general and sectoral, which outlined the legal field for social partnership in the library.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaims the principles of social partnership, defines the main directions of cooperation in the field of culture, education and information (Articles 29, 43, 44), labor relations (Articles 7, 37, 72), social development and social protection (Articles 7, 39, 40, 71, 72), health and environmental protection (Articles 41,42,114).

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains section II “Social partnership in the sphere of labor” (Articles 23-55). It considers social partnership as a system of relationships between employees (employee representatives), employers (employer representatives), state authorities and local governments, aimed at ensuring coordination of the interests of employees and employers on issues of regulating labor relations and other economic relations directly related to them.

The Federal Laws of the Russian Federation “On Trade Unions and Guarantees for Their Activities” (1995), “On Associations of Employers” (2002), “On the Procedure for Resolving Collective Labor Disputes” (1995), “On Collective Contracts and Agreements” (1992) indicate the forms , methods and mechanisms of legal regulation of social partnership on a contractual basis.

The profile Law of the Russian Federation “On Librarianship” (1993) includes Chapter IV “Organization of interaction between libraries” (Articles 19, 20, 21), regulating the cooperation and interaction of libraries of various types and types among themselves, with scientific and technical information bodies and archives , as well as issues of labor relations among library workers (Article 26).

These norms are the legal foundation on the basis of which the formation and development of a new type of socio-economic relations in libraries occurs.

2. Formation of regional legislation defining regional characteristics and practice of cooperation between libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, laws on social partnership are adopted or relevant sections are included in legislative acts on librarianship regulating the provision of social protection and social guarantees to library workers, the development of labor relations in libraries (Republic of Karelia, Altai Territory, Belgorod, Pskov, Kamchatka, Kirov, Ivanovo , Ryazan, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Tula and other regions).

Formation of a legal mechanism for social partnership in a specific library, developing and adopting local regulations, regulatory contracts and agreements concluded on the basis of mutual consultations, negotiations and agreements between the parties.

The current federal and regional legislation does not fully regulate all areas of social partnership of libraries. The solution to many issues in modern conditions is transferred to the local level. In this regard, there is a rethinking of the importance of local regulations, normative contracts and agreements in regulating various legal relations in the activities of libraries, increasing their role and importance for the functioning of the library, maintaining it in a state conducive to the performance of basic socio-economic and cultural functions.<…>

The process of legal regulation of social partnership of libraries on the basis of local regulations and regulatory agreements is complex, interdisciplinary in nature.<…>

Local regulations are regulations of a general nature and permanent effect, designed for repeated use, adopted at the level of a specific institution or organization<…>, containing rules of law aimed at regulating certain social relations.

Local regulations are one of the types of corporate documents, acts of internal management...[of an institution].<…>The effect of a local normative act is determined by the territory over which the authority of the body that issued it extends, in this case the local territory of the library or library system. At the same time, local regulations are an integral part of regulations containing norms of civil, information, library and other legislation.

They are adopted in order to specify the rules established by legal acts of higher levels, for example, regulations, orders, instructions of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and other ministries and departments, decisions and resolutions of local government bodies or local government bodies in relation to the conditions of activity of a specific libraries. Each library creates local regulations based on federal laws, laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and by-laws of ministries and departments.<…>

The most common local regulations of libraries are: [charter, regulations, rules, job descriptions]<…>.

Local regulations, regulatory treaties and agreements play an extremely important role as instruments of legal regulation of social partnership of libraries. They contribute to organization and management, create conditions for the rationalization of legal activities and optimization of the process of legal regulation of library legal relations.

<…>Examples include regulatory treaties and agreements governing legal relations in the socio-cultural and educational spheres, relating, to one degree or another, to the development of cooperation and partnership between libraries.

For example, the regional (regional) agreement between the administration of the Altai Territory, the regional association of employers and the regional council of trade unions contains a section “Socio-cultural sphere”. In it, the regional administration undertakes to implement the target program “Acquisition of library and museum collections, ensuring the security of museum collections” and “Computerization of libraries of the Altai Territory.”

The agreement on public harmony and social partnership in the Republic of Mordovia was signed by the head of the Republic of Mordovia, the chairman of the State Assembly, the chairman of the Government, the head of local government, the chairman of the federal trade unions of the republic, heads of associations of industrial enterprises, the Council of Rectors of Higher Educational Institutions, the Council of Directors of Secondary Educational Institutions, heads of political parties, religious organizations, public associations, media. The agreement contains a special section 5 “Social and humanitarian sphere”, where the participants undertake to contribute to the creation of the necessary conditions for the work of scientific, educational and cultural institutions, including libraries.

Social partnership in the cultural sector in the Sverdlovsk region is implemented in the form of a tripartite agreement on interaction in solving the most pressing social and labor problems. The agreement includes a recommendation for city and district administrations to introduce a 1.2 coefficient to the wages of library, club, and museum employees.

In Moscow, among the 19 existing city industry agreements, an agreement on social partnership was signed between the Committee on Culture of the Moscow Government and the Moscow City Committee of Trade Unions of Cultural Workers. It contains the obligations assumed by the Moscow Government Committee for Culture in relation to libraries. In particular, the need to finance from the city budget the protection of the premises of public libraries, the work of mobile collections and interlibrary loans, promoting the preservation of the library collection, the inadmissibility of the seizure of industrial premises and areas of organizations and cultural institutions, including libraries. The rights of trade unions to develop and control the implementation of labor protection conditions are also secured; All subordinate organizations are recommended to develop and coordinate with trade union committees regulations on bonuses and allowances that regulate the procedure for forming the wage fund, including from extra-budgetary sources<…>».

Public library in social infrastructure

“Legal basis for partnership. New opportunities for cooperation between libraries and organizations and institutions in the social sphere are provided by the emerging legal framework. Libraries in their activities are not limited to applying the norms of only special “library” laws adopted at the federal or regional levels. The current situation of their development requires constant reference to the norms of related and general legislation. It is no coincidence that the Ministry of Culture of Russia at the end of 2002 took care of conducting an “inventory” of the regulatory framework of the cultural sphere and turned to federal library centers with a request to prepare proposals for introducing changes and additions to existing and developing “non-library” legislative acts in order to include in them issues of functioning and development of libraries and provision of library and information services to the population.

But the correct reading of existing “non-library” laws by libraries gives them the opportunity to more widely use the norms contained in them for their development. Let's look at a few similar situations.

Situation 1. The library is allowed to cooperate with the educational sphere by the general principles laid down in Law No. 78-FZ and Federal Law No. 12-FZ of January 13, 1996 “On Education” (hereinafter referred to as Law No. 12-FZ).

The first of them defines librarianship, in particular, as a branch of educational activity, and the library as an “information, cultural, educational institution” (Article 1). The second, as one of the factors of economic and social progress of society, highlights the direction of development of the educational sphere, which should provide opportunities for self-determination and self-realization of the individual, strengthening and improving the rule of law. In accordance with this, the role of general education programs is emphasized in solving the problems of forming a general personal culture, adapting to life in society, creating the basis for an informed choice and mastering a profession (Article 9, paragraph 3).

The participation of public libraries in the processes of informatization, scientific and methodological support is truly invaluable. They provide citizens of all ages and life orientations with access to information and knowledge, regardless of the level and form of training or education, including additional education and self-education.

The competence of local government bodies in the field of education promotes “the use of state and municipal... cultural objects... in the interests of education” (Law No. 12-FZ, art. 31, clause 2/10).

Only on this basis can a library rightfully be classified as an “institution that carries out the educational process” (Article 12, paragraph 4/9) or more specifically - as a municipal institution of additional education, the main purpose of which is to develop the motivation of individuals in adults and children to knowledge and creativity, implementation of additional educational programs and services in the interests of the individual, society, and state. The library carries out its activities in this direction based on the norms of the same law (Article 32, paragraph 2/15).

The right to create flexible educational structures (center, palace, house, club, school, etc.) is provided, in particular, by the Model Regulations on educational institutions for additional education of children. Such structures have the right to independently develop a program of activities taking into account the needs of children, the needs of families, educational institutions, children's and youth public associations and organizations, as well as the characteristics of socio-economic development and national and cultural traditions of the territory. Financing of the activities of such organizations should be carried out on a shared basis.

Situation 2. One of the tasks of almost any public library as a social and cultural institution is related to providing assistance in obtaining information and organizing leisure time for people in need of social rehabilitation. This kind of activity distinguishes the library as an independent element of the system of social services for the population, which can serve as a connecting and coordinating link, uniting a number of elements of the system (gerontological, rehabilitation and other similar centers, services, organizations).

This is facilitated by the norms of federal legal acts that bring together the interests, goals and objectives of the social sphere and libraries.

The organization of correspondence, mobile (non-stationary, service) forms of library services for the elderly or disabled becomes the basis for classifying the library as an institution providing social services and for including it in the municipal system of social services (Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 195-FZ “On fundamentals of social services for the population in the Russian Federation", Article 4).

The library has a real opportunity to take advantage of the benefits provided for social service institutions (ibid., Article 22, paragraph 4).

Libraries can also receive significant financial support on the basis of the norms of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation.” It makes significant additions, in particular, to the construction of buildings and structures of municipal importance, which is directly related to library buildings and structures.

The interaction of libraries with social protection and social security organizations creates the necessary conditions for the implementation of the provisions of Law No. 12-FZ, which established the rights of special groups of users (Article 8).

As a result of cooperation in this direction, libraries have additional opportunities to attract funds, both from local budgets and funds allocated for the implementation of targeted social programs.”

Social partnership in the field of culture: Russian experience

Social partnership in cultural and leisure activities for older people

“One of the problems of old age remains the lack of full communication even with peers, and even more so with younger people and children. Due to this, older people often experience feelings of emptiness and lack of demand. These psychological problems, in turn, turn into physiological ones, and various chronic diseases begin to progress.

One of the main goals of social work with older people is to involve older people themselves in the process of solving social problems. In Europe, interest groups for older people developed in the 19th century, and to this day remain one of the most popular forms of social work.

During the implementation of the projects of the Russian-European Fund "Support and development of social services for older people in Kemerovo and the Kemerovo region" and the administration of the city of Kemerovo "Older Generation", various associations and clubs for elderly people and the disabled began to be created and developed at integrated social service centers. Currently, the city’s social protection system includes 57 clubs and interest associations that unite more than 570 people.

Not only social workers, but also specialists from various organizations, institutions and enterprises of the city take part in the work of the clubs. In general, the permanent social partners of social protection institutions last year were 109 different organizations, including 18 public and educational institutions, 19 cultural institutions and 57 industrial enterprises and commercial firms that provide ongoing charitable assistance in the development of leisure activities for older people.

The main principle of cooperation between various organizations of the city’s social sphere in the interests of older people is the active exchange of information, resources and technologies, the organization of joint work with public organizations, cultural institutions, healthcare, the city employment center, and educational institutions, including preschool and additional education.

The areas of work most in demand by older people have been formed: cultural and leisure; charity, attraction of sponsorship funds, volunteer movement; information and educational direction; socio-psychological consultation and training; physical education and recreation. All these areas are closely interconnected. The work usually involves several institutions involved in solving the problems of older people.

The implementation of cultural and leisure activities for older people includes the organization of festive events dedicated to memorable dates; performances by creative groups of clubs for the elderly and disabled in schools, boarding houses; concert ensembles of cultural institutions in comprehensive social service centers and day care departments; holding citywide festivals of amateur and artistic creativity, exhibitions of vegetable products and flowers; holding competitions for the best housewife; organization of conversations, loud readings, film lectures, literary and musical evenings. Recently, such an interesting form of work as “courtesy visits” has emerged. A courtesy visit is a congratulation at home for immobile elderly and disabled people on anniversaries and birthdays. Such congratulations are jointly attended by social work specialists, workers of cultural centers, participants in amateur performances and concert groups.

Libraries, children's music schools and children's art schools, creative groups of cultural institutions and veterans' clubs actively cooperate in cultural and leisure activities. Exhibitions of works by young artists in social protection institutions have become traditional, and at the celebration of the city’s veteran activists on the Day of Older Persons, each veteran was presented with the best author’s works of schoolchildren as souvenirs.

Students and schoolchildren actively participate in club work for the elderly and disabled, develop scenarios, conduct surveys and interviews within the framework of “Theaters of Memories” and “Biography Pages” meetings. The city's two largest cinemas host weekly charity film matinees for seniors; The city’s theaters hold the same promotion every month. Elderly people willingly create mutual aid groups (they work in all areas of the city) and mutual support. Mini-clubs at the place of residence are becoming a particularly popular form of such activity.

Many elderly members of interest groups enjoy visiting the city’s museums; the botanical garden, with the help of social workers, organize trips to the Tomsk Pisanitsa museum-reserve and healing springs.

A permanent lecture hall “University of the Third Age” has been created in the comprehensive center for social services for the population of the Central District. Specialists in the widest range of knowledge are involved in this work - from household and garden management to folk traditions and the history of their native land. Collective visits to Orthodox churches are organized for older people interested in religious issues. Clergy are constantly involved in the work of the day care departments of the centers.

For those who are interested in issues of health and longevity, “Health Schools” operate at the city’s medical institutions. One of the most actively developing areas in the work of clubs is socio-psychological work among older people.

Libraries and social partnership

Information services provided by the municipal library to the population of the municipality

[Consulted by I.B. Mikhnova, Director of the Centralized Library System "Kyiv" (Moscow), President of the Interregional Association of Business Libraries, Ph.D. ped. sciences]

The place of the library in the information environment of the municipality
3. Cooperation of the library with other organizations and enterprises

To successfully perform their functions, libraries need contacts with many partners. Thanks to extra-library contacts, the library's capabilities increase and its scope of action expands. These contacts give libraries additional weight in society and contribute to the implementation of their main purpose.
Based on local operating conditions, the following groups can be distinguished: bodies of representative power, cultural management bodies, other cultural and educational institutions of the city, libraries of other departments, educational institutions, book publishing and bookselling companies and stores, media, technical support companies, public foundations and organizations.
Thus, the Entrepreneurship Support Fund and its Small Business Support Center are actively involved in the problems of placing municipal orders among small enterprises in Glazov. A survey of city entrepreneurs is being conducted in the interests of the development of the fund. The fund contains registration data of small enterprises (230) and private entrepreneurs and private legal entities (3500), but the database requires editing, since those that have ceased operations are not tracked (more than 2/3 of them).
Together with the Library and Information System, it is planned to create and maintain the Foundation’s website, as well as conduct a survey of entrepreneurs with the involvement of library specialists (a system has been developed to reward respondents who agree to answer survey questions in libraries).
In Cherepovets there is a Multiplying Center that performs printing work and filling out income certificates. And this also fits well into the profile of the activities of the Business Information Department of the municipal library.
In addition to the libraries of the city central library, there are also other libraries in Cherepovets. These are the scientific and technical library of Severstal (transmits a bulletin of new receipts to the Central State Library), the mass library of Severstal with branches in the workshops), the library of the trade union committee of the Cherepovets Steel Rolling Plant, a small scientific library of the Cherepovets Museum Association, the scientific library of Cherepovets State University and the library of the Metallurgical College.
The niche occupied by the Central City Library among these library structures is quite unique. Among other libraries in the city, there is not a single one that can compete with the Central City Library in the entire volume of information services provided to the population.
The Glazov Library and Information System also has contacts with the Udmurt Regional Agency for Small Business Support (database holder for the republic) and the Udmurtia-Moscow Marketing Center (marketing research of regional markets, the results of which are of interest to city entrepreneurs and intermediaries in search partners in Russia and foreign; it is planned, with the involvement of specialists from Udmurt State University, to work on “Balance of economic relations in the city” who sells what and, most importantly, who buys what). They cooperate with the local history museum and the Itamkar museum (excavations of an ancient Udmurt settlement)
In the premises of the Glazov Central Library there is a computer salon that provides (for renting the premises) computer time for library staff (training, input/modernization of the electronic catalog) and (for a fee) for the population and schools of the city. The salon has an Internet access channel, which is used by BIS staff.
The Laishevskaya Central Library also cooperates not only with local government councils. In 1997, the Laishevskaya Central Library, together with the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic, entered into an agreement on the creation of a District Service for Monitoring the Resource and Technical Market.
Currently, part of the work has been done a database of all enterprises in the district has been created, indicating bank details, legal address, data from the administration of the enterprise (director, chief accountant, chief economist), telephone numbers. There is work to be done to create a database of these enterprises, including the nomenclature and prices of products and services provided, a database of the needs of district enterprises for material and technical resources, investments, scientific achievements and best practices.
Such information is simply necessary in today's conditions, because it is a reliable partner for small and medium-sized businesses, firms, organizations for which it is inappropriate to maintain a specialized information unit on their staff, since for this they need to have both equipment and well-trained personnel.
In such a situation, the effectiveness of intermediary services manifests itself. The Laishevskaya Library can provide the client with information that is unique in its subject matter and difficult to access by location. Already today, a database of the Information and Consulting Service of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Ministry of Agriculture on problems of livestock farming, crop production, marketing, economics and studies, accounting, and legal issues has been created and is operating for agricultural workers.
This database is used not only by agricultural workers. It is actively used by students of the Laishevsky Agricultural College and vocational school. Local government councils use this database mainly on issues of law, economics, and agriculture.
There is an agreement with the Ministry of Agriculture to install a computer with a modem, with the help of which the Central Bank will be able to use the data banks of the central monitoring service of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Republic of Tajikistan and for the rapid exchange of information. Currently, a modem has not yet been installed, the Ministry systematically sends the library “Info-express: Demand, offers, market overview, prices” and “Information and methodological bulletin”, which are actively used in their work.
And data from reviews of legislative documents from the Library and Information Center (BIC) of the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region. are used by the paging company "Maltiton-Dals" to send brief information to subscribers' pagers.
At the Dzerzhinsky library there is a public organization “Dialogue”, whose women’s club actively cooperates with the committee of soldiers’ mothers (conscription into the army, hazing, service in hot spots). Some of the “mother” documents end up in the library’s collections. Dialogue conducts seminars on women's issues and gender issues and studies. The library mainly provides a cultural program and communication. Information support minimal. It is planned to work with the Mercy center to provide services (including information) to disabled children and children from large and single-parent families.
The Computer Development Center of PetrSU installed the Codex information system in the Belomorsk Central City Hospital, which made it possible to begin informing the population, enterprises and organizations of the city on legal issues. The Library provides the Center with documents from local self-government bodies of the Belomorsky region for inclusion in the Karelian “Code”.
Cooperation with the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Belomorsk branch of PetrSU made it possible to introduce electronic delivery of documents, which significantly expanded the possibilities of obtaining information and accelerated it. The collections of the National Library of the Republic of Karelia are completely open to readers.
The Belomorsk Library receives materials from the Association of Local Self-Government of the Republic of Karelia.
Together with the Society of the Blind, the program “Belomorskaya Central Library as a local information center for the blind and visually impaired” is being implemented.
A special group of organizations real and potential partners and consumers of municipal library services are municipal and social services, committees, the Department of Education, and public organizations. In addition, joint projects are being developed with these organizations for the benefit of third organizations (or users).
Thus, the Central City Library of Cherepovets cooperates with municipal and social services. An agreement has been concluded with the tax inspectorate on joint activities for the exchange of information resources (periodicals, book collection, electronic versions of Rossiyskaya Gazeta and Economy and Life; on the formation of the book fund of the State Tax Inspectorate; informing the State Tax Inspectorate at the request of their employees. The Central City Library provides the State Tax Inspectorate with assistance in carrying out declaration campaign using the “1C Taxpayer” program installed in the ODI to fill out certificates of income of individuals submitted to the State Tax Inspectorate by employers. In particular, close cooperation between the Central State Bank and the Pension Fund. A program for personalized accounting has been established in the Business Information Department. with the help of which applications from city enterprises are processed and certificates are filled out for individuals.
In the Berezniki branch of the Northern Territorial Department of Environmental Control, one of the first in the region began to create (MGIS). In addition to the environmental block, MGIS includes information on land use, taxation, urban facilities, and the history of the city. This municipal geographic information system was installed in the Business Information Office of the Central City Hospital of Berezniki.
Relatively recently, branches of the Department of the Federal State Employment Service began to open in cities and regional centers of Udmurtia. The libraries of Glazov and Izhevsk were wary of the new organization, but then they realized the unity of purpose. After all, the employment service and libraries perform the socialization function of the individual that is necessary for society, and specifically one of its areas is professional animation.
Two big problems are being solved jointly: providing the population with factual information about the situation in the profession market, opportunities for education and professional advancement; as well as training personnel to work in city libraries.
Collaboration significantly expands the capabilities of libraries, which leads to the emergence of integrated forms of work, such as the “Study Places Fair”. Traditionally, together with the employment service, a local event “Entrant Day” is held in city libraries. All secondary and higher educational institutions of the city, the Center for Social Protection, representatives of the military registration and enlistment office and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, specialists from the youth exchange and the Youth Education Center take part in it.
Each educational institution provides information on admission conditions. The program provides consultations with employment service specialists; for example, with the help of the “Profi” computer program, graduates are helped to choose the field of their future professional activity. Library specialists provide assistance in selecting the necessary literature, offer exhibition viewing, reviews of manuals, articles and other materials on the topic “Education,” and consultations with a psychologist. For two days, the library turns into an anthill; students from schools in the city and surrounding areas come here.
Hosting events has another advantage for the library. Participants leave their information packages as a gift, which allows us to constantly replenish the factual database. And applicants who did not make it to the Fair have the opportunity to use the collected materials. Thus, the library tries to create conditions for an increased level of information for users on the problems of choosing a profession.
A municipal library may have different types of competitors: by type of customer needs, by services similar in type, type, modification. In many cases, these are specialized (commercial, municipal, government) information services. The Kievskaya Central Banking Center has competitors, as a rule, at the city level, since there are simply no information services similar to it in the area. And the population of a megacity like Moscow turns to specialized companies for serious information-related services, regardless of their location. Who are the competitors of libraries in cities and testing zones?
For example, such competitors to municipal libraries exist in the field of legal support for the population.
In Glazov, the Union of Young Lawyers provides legal advice to the population. The Youth Legal Center provides free legal consultations based on the Code system. There is very little real work, but it is a possible channel for the library to obtain lawyers to advise users of its legal system. The Respublika agency also provides paid legal consultations for socially vulnerable segments of the population.
There is a private legal service in Izhevsk, in addition, residents can always use the services of the legal department of the district administration. This is the opinion of the administration; accordingly, it has no need to create something similar on the basis of the library.
As part of the “Knowledge” society, a branch of the public institution PLO in Vologda, with the help of veterans of law enforcement agencies, provides free legal consultations for low-income citizens. The Knowledge Society itself conducts seminars for entrepreneurs: Start your own business, Changes in accounting, Instructions on the procedure for spending funds from the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation.
However, the library should pay attention to the fact that despite the fact that legal databases are quite fully represented in Vologda, there is no representation of the Code in the city yet.
And in Dzerzhinsk there are still no representations of the main reference legal systems. Available licensed installations are supported by companies from Moscow or Lyubertsy. Meanwhile, municipal libraries have the opportunity to turn to the RFPR and FAPSI for help in creating a Legal Information Center. As for Consultant Plus, this ATP can be supplied to the library free of charge.
The library also has competitors in the field of computer technology.
There is a Children's Computer School in Vologda, organized at the Business Education Center. The list of specialties that this Center teaches includes: Manager of a computer company, User of the 1C software product, Professional PC user, Office manager who owns a PC.
Similar computer literacy courses are offered free of charge at the Employment Center.
It is possible that the Central City Hospital, being equipped with a sufficient number of computers to organize a computer class, could take on teaching the basics of computer literacy to both children and adults.
There are several computer companies engaged in the sale of computers, components and consumables (“Bit-Service”, “Computer Systems”, “Paritet”, “Seven Five”, “Hanussen”, “Info”, Computer Technology Center “Techinform”), as well as business software (“Remex-Center”, “Seven Five”).
Those located in the same city with municipal libraries of a higher level, which can become a more serious source of information for local authorities and the business part of the city population, can be considered as a kind of competitors. In Vologda, this is, of course, the Vologda Regional Scientific Library. This is determined primarily by the rich collections of the library, the presence of specialists, and, of course, the location of the library directly in the city center, next to government structures.
In Izhevsk this is the National Library of Udmurtia, located across the street from the Central City Library. The National Library of Udmurtia is integrated into all republican projects (for example, “Automation of Libraries”, “Preservation of Collections”, “Rural Library” together with the Ministry of Agriculture), has immeasurably better funds, personnel, and financing. He works with the presidential representative in the Volga Federal District and actively prepares materials for the president of the republic and the government. Although there is a project for a parliamentary library and a library for the president of Udmurtia, the National Library also performs this function. However, the National Library does not work with documents on local government. And this gives a positive chance to the municipal library.
When talking about competitors to a municipal library, you should always keep in mind that the latter’s task, like any other organization, is to find a way to turn competitors into partners.

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One of the democratic institutions that provides a balance of interests of various structures of society today is the institution of social partnership, which has been developing in Russia over the last decade. The interests and rights of social, corporate and regional groups are being formalized, institutions of representation and legal framework adequate to them are being formed, and the practice of collective contractual regulation is being developed. Library and information institutions, as an integral part of the sociocultural space, are subject to the objective laws of social development. Communication relations “library-society” have prospects for development precisely in the form of a system of social partnership, and for a number of objective reasons, the library often becomes the driving force in the development of partnerships. Determining the position of the library in social partnership at the present time, when the local government system is being reformed, is of priority importance. Municipal libraries are faced with the task of transforming activities in accordance with the most pressing problems of the local community. Solving this problem helps society overcome the stereotype of seeing libraries only as leisure institutions and public awareness of their capabilities as resources for the development of civil society. One of the aspects of strategic planning for library development is the formation of social partnership in the internal and external library space.

Among the objective factors for the participation of libraries in the system of social partnership, we can highlight: firstly, the presence of civil society and a stable trend in the development of democracy. This condition is decisive for the emergence of the entire system of social partnership as a whole. The institution of social partnership is in its infancy in Russia precisely because of the insufficient development of civil society. On the other hand, without the consolidation of regional and local communities and their active cooperation, it is impossible to build a civil society; secondly, the presence of entities mutually interested in partnerships.

The library today is an institution that accumulates the interests of broad sections of society. This determines the possibility of cooperation with a wide variety of institutions, organizations, and movements. Social partnership can solve local community problems in various ways. Thus, among the partners of libraries in the city of Stary Oskol, Belgorod region, we can highlight: cultural and educational organizations, the media, public organizations, municipal authorities, and commercial structures.

The multifunctionality of library activities makes it possible to simultaneously participate in partnerships not only with one partner, but also to create multilateral partnership projects that combine the efforts of several partners to solve common problems.

Thirdly, the presence of organizational and legal mechanisms and procedures regulating social interaction. In terms of legal support for social partnership, libraries have accumulated some experience.

Along with the designated objective factors, the prospects for the development of social partnership are determined by a number of subjective (internal) factors. One of them is the library staff’s awareness of the need for a partner. Expanding the range of library, consulting, educational and library services, improving library activities, increasing the competitiveness of libraries in the information services market, social demand, the need to develop library resources entails the need to select the optimal partner in each specific case. For example, when conducting book and reading or charity events, information support from the media is required. Libraries are able to initiate the role of a social partner of both municipal authorities and the local community.

The concept of “social partnership” is fundamentally different from the traditional collaboration of libraries. As a rule, the scope of coordination of activities was limited to communication links with other cultural and educational institutions without taking into account economic and legal aspects. This cooperation was regulated, first of all, by the directive leadership of higher authorities. The functioning of social partnership presupposes the emergence of equal horizontal connections. Currently, libraries are increasingly acting as equal partners of municipal authorities.

The significance of the library as a participant in social interaction largely depends on the content of its social potential. Let us emphasize that building an effective system of social partnership is only possible by analyzing internal capabilities. In this case, the following assessment criteria can be identified: determining the stage of development of the team, assessing the socio-psychological atmosphere, motivating the team’s participation in social partnership.

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Legal support for social partnership in libraries is in the process of development. Local regulations and agreements play a significant role in the development of joint ventures.

Social partnership is one of the main functions of the library, a progressive form of interaction between libraries and other organizations and users. In the last decade, its development has been actively discussed at all-Russian scientific and practical conferences and meetings, for example, such as “Libraries in the context of civil and legal reforms” (Perm, 2002), “New image of the provincial library” (Glazov, Udmurt Republic, 2003) , “Library science: traditions, new technologies and forms of cooperation” (Ulan-Ude, 2003), etc.
At these forums and in the library press, issues of the development of contractual relations with users and the features of the development of constituent documents of libraries and job descriptions were analyzed.4, 13, 14 New methods of social work of libraries, attracting additional extra-budgetary funds as one of the types of economic partnership, social consequences of implementation were discussed and the dissemination of new information technologies.1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 15, 16, 20 The importance of local regulations and regulatory agreements as tools for regulating the social partnership of libraries was not addressed.
Social partnership is a system of civilized social relations aimed at coordinating and protecting the interests of representatives of various social groups, layers, classes, public associations, state and local governments, commercial and non-profit structures, government institutions, which include libraries. It develops on the basis of normative treaties and agreements, reaching consensus on the most important areas of socio-economic and political development of society.10, 18, 21
In relation to libraries, the meaning of social partnership is in constructive interaction, cooperation and the development of multilateral ties between various structures. It is necessary in order to jointly solve social problems that are significant for libraries, arising both at the internal (wages, social assistance and protection of workers) and at the external level (providing library and information services to users, acquisition of collections, computerization, organization of user access to documents and information, etc.). And since this activity involves the development of relations with individual individuals and legal entities, it is an object of law and is based on its clearly defined norms governing social relations.
From a legal point of view, social partnership is the coordination of the actions of all parties on a certain legislative platform, reflecting its essence, content and regulatory instruments.12 Legal support for social partnership in libraries is in the process of formation. Let's consider its characteristic features.
1. Development of federal legislation, both general and sectoral, which outlined the legal field for social partnership in the library.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaims the principles of social partnership, defines the main directions of cooperation in the field of culture, education and information (Articles 29, 43, 44), labor relations (Articles 7, 37, 72), social development and social protection (Articles 7, 39, 40, 71, 72), health and environmental protection (Articles 41, 42, 114).
The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains section II “Social partnership in the sphere of labor” (Articles 23-55). It considers social partnership as a system of relationships between employees (employee representatives), employers (employer representatives), state authorities and local governments, aimed at ensuring coordination of the interests of employees and employers on issues of regulating labor relations and other economic relations directly related to them.
The Federal Laws of the Russian Federation “On Trade Unions and Guarantees for Their Activities” (1995), “On Associations of Employers” (2002), “On the Procedure for Resolving Collective Labor Disputes” (1995), “On Collective Contracts and Agreements” (1992) indicate the forms , methods and mechanisms of legal regulation of social partnership on a contractual basis.
The profile Law of the Russian Federation “On Librarianship” (1993) includes Chapter IV “Organization of interaction between libraries” (Articles 19, 20, 21), regulating the cooperation and interaction of libraries of various types and types among themselves, with scientific and technical information bodies and archives , as well as issues of labor relations among library workers (Article 26).
These norms are the legal foundation on the basis of which the formation and development of a new type of socio-economic relations in libraries occurs.
2. Formation of regional legislation defining regional characteristics and practice of cooperation between libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, laws on social partnership are adopted or relevant sections are included in legislative acts on librarianship regulating the provision of social protection and social guarantees to library workers, the development of labor relations in libraries (Republic of Karelia, Altai Territory, Belgorod, Pskov, Kamchatka, Kirov, Ivanovo , Ryazan, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Tula and other regions).
3. Formation of a legal mechanism for social partnership in a specific library, developing and adopting local regulations, regulatory contracts and agreements concluded on the basis of mutual consultations, negotiations and agreements between the parties.
The current federal and regional legislation does not fully regulate all areas of social partnership of libraries. The solution to many issues in modern conditions is transferred to the local level. In this regard, there is a rethinking of the importance of local regulations, normative contracts and agreements in regulating various legal relations in the activities of libraries, increasing their role and importance for the functioning of the library, maintaining it in a state conducive to the performance of basic socio-economic and cultural functions.
Libraries are interested, first of all, in clear legal formalization of organizational, economic, information and library legal relations with partners - legal entities and individuals, in the development of their own local regulations and regulatory agreements, reflecting and enshrining the peculiarities of the activities of each specific library.3, 13, 14
The need to develop these regulations is felt not only in the largest libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (state, national, regional, territorial), but also in municipal public libraries (district, city, centralized library systems).3, 9, 13, 14, 18
The process of legal regulation of social partnership of libraries on the basis of local regulations and regulatory agreements is complex, interdisciplinary in nature. Legally correctly drafted local regulations and regulatory agreements help to avoid not only many problems, but also ensure the development of social partnership and, if necessary, protection in various conflict situations. Realizing this, many libraries strive to reflect the specifics of their activities in them.
For example, Kemerovo Regional Scientific Library named after. V.D. Fedorova developed a package of local regulations regulating the activities of the department for forecasting and development of library science in the Kemerovo region, including regulations on the department and job descriptions for specialists working in the department.
The Central Polytechnic Library has developed regulations on paid services, service agreements for IBA and information services, a list and price list of paid services.
The Gubkin centralized library system of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has adopted a number of local regulations: regulations on the centralized library system, regulations on the central library, regulations on the central children's library, regulations on the family reading library, regulations on the computer library, rules for using the Central Library Library, regulations on additional paid services provided to the population, regulations on the family reading form, job descriptions, etc. 9, 19
Central City Library named after. A. S. Pushkina, Perm, thanks to well-drafted and legally sound local regulations, was able to defend her interests in court.
Local regulations are regulations of a general nature and permanent effect, designed for repeated use, adopted at the level of a specific institution or organization, including libraries, containing rules of law aimed at regulating certain social relations.
Local regulations are one of the types of corporate documents, acts of internal library management. The adoption of such acts is usually preceded by procedures for taking into account the opinions of library employees and users. They reflect the decisions of collegial and individual library management bodies. These may be decisions of the general meeting or work collective, decisions of the scientific-methodological, editorial-publishing or academic council, etc., or the head of the library. The will of the state in such acts is expressed indirectly - through the ability of the library, allowed by law, to regulate, with the help of its acts, various relations or specific areas of activity.
In modern conditions, the role of local regulations of libraries is noticeably increasing, since in terms of legal force they are by-laws, i.e. official documents, carriers of legally significant information, which are binding at the level of a specific library or library system. The scope of their action is limited and is aimed at regulating internal activities or certain relationships that arise in library institutions.
The effect of a local normative act is determined by the territory over which the authority of the body that issued it extends, in this case the local territory of the library or library system. At the same time, local regulations are an integral part of regulations containing norms of civil, information, library and other legislation.
They are adopted in order to specify the rules established by legal acts of higher levels, for example, regulations, orders, instructions of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and other ministries and departments, decisions and resolutions of local government bodies or local government bodies in relation to the conditions of activity of a specific libraries. Each library creates local regulations based on federal laws, laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and by-laws of ministries and departments.
The effect of local regulations in the library, on the one hand, extends to employees, on the other hand, to various groups of readers (users), i.e. citizens of Russia, stateless persons, foreigners and other categories of citizens living in a specific territory (autonomous republic, region, region, district, etc.) and who are users of the library.
The most common local library regulations are:
The charter is a legal act that combines the rules governing the activities of library institutions, for example, the charter of a national or regional library, including social partnership. It is in the charter that the mechanism of interaction with partners - individuals and legal entities is prescribed.
Regulations - a legal act that defines the legal status and procedure for the activities of a library or library system as subjects of law, regulating the powers of certain bodies or structures, and their functions. For example, regulations on the centralized library system, regulations on the central library, regulations on branch libraries, regulations on specialized libraries, regulations governing personnel policy, internal organizational and managerial relations related to remuneration, bonuses for employees, the creation of a commission on labor disputes, etc. e. It is also possible to highlight provisions regulating certain areas of library activity and their relationships with users, for example, provisions on additional paid services.
Rules are a legal act that establishes the procedure for any type of activity. Reflects and specifies specific aspects of library partnerships, for example, rules for user service, rules for using the library, internal labor regulations.
Job descriptions for a specific workplace or personalized instructions, for example, job descriptions of the head of the information and analytical department, programmer, software engineer, librarian, chief librarian, etc., staffing table. Reflect the development of partnerships within the library.
In the mechanism of legal regulation of library partnerships, in addition to local regulations, regulatory contracts and agreements have recently become widespread.
Regulatory contracts and agreements are legal acts regulating social and labor relations between partners: legal entities and individuals, employees of the organization, branch and employers.
The basis for contractual regulation of partnership relations is determined by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 40-44, 45-51), the Law of the Russian Federation “On Collective Bargains and Agreements” (1992). The law establishes the legal basis for the development, conclusion and implementation of contracts and agreements in order to facilitate the contractual regulation of social and labor relations and coordination of actions between partners, as well as a mechanism for the development of social partnership in the field of labor relations. In accordance with the law, regulatory contracts and agreements are concluded at the following levels.
At the federal level, there is a General Agreement that establishes general principles for regulating social and labor relations. It is concluded between the all-Russian association of trade unions, employers' associations and the Government of the Russian Federation. Valid throughout the Russian Federation. For example, the General Agreement between the All-Russian Association of Trade Unions, the All-Russian Association of Employers and the Government of the Russian Federation for 2002-2004.
At the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a regional agreement is in force. Establishes general principles for regulating social and labor relations at the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as well as wage standards and other conditions. It is concluded between the association of trade unions, the association of employers and the government of the subject of the Russian Federation. Valid only on its territory.
At the industry level, there is an industry (inter-industry) tariff agreement. Determines the directions of socio-economic development of the industry, working conditions, wage standards, as well as social guarantees for workers in this industry. It is concluded by the relevant council of the industry trade union with the industry association of employers (in our case, with the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation) and the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation (as an executive body of government). Applies only to employees in this industry.
At the territorial level, a special agreement is concluded. Determines the conditions for solving certain social and labor problems related to territorial characteristics. It is concluded between representatives of the relevant trade unions (associations of trade unions), employers (associations of employers) and executive authorities of a given territory (city, district).
At the local (basic) level, i.e. at the level of a specific library, there are bilateral collective agreements between the administration and the elected body of trade unions and individual labor contracts between the administration and an individual employee, concluded to regulate labor relations.
The practice of concluding individual labor contracts is due to the actively developing processes of differentiation and individualization of labor in the library, which requires not only librarians, but also software engineers, economists, lawyers, and specialists from other fields. However, the development of this new, completely natural trend is hampered by often unfounded attempts to artificially contrast individual contracts with collective agreements. In addition, the moral and psychological state of each employee depends not only on the level of his material interest, but also on the general material, technical and economic condition, as well as the social climate in the library itself.
Examples include regulatory treaties and agreements governing legal relations in the socio-cultural and educational spheres, relating, to one degree or another, to the development of cooperation and partnership between libraries.
For example, the regional (regional) agreement between the administration of the Altai Territory, the regional association of employers and the regional council of trade unions contains a section “Socio-cultural sphere”. In it, the regional administration undertakes to implement the target program “Acquisition of library and museum collections, ensuring the security of museum collections” and “Computerization of libraries of the Altai Territory.”16
The agreement on public harmony and social partnership in the Republic of Mordovia was signed by the head of the Republic of Mordovia, the chairman of the State Assembly, the chairman of the Government, the head of local government, the chairman of the federal trade unions of the republic, heads of associations of industrial enterprises, the Council of Rectors of Higher Educational Institutions, the Council of Directors of Secondary Educational Institutions, heads of political parties, religious organizations, public associations, media. The agreement contains a special section 5 “Social and humanitarian sphere”, where the participants undertake to contribute to the creation of the necessary conditions for the work of scientific, educational and cultural institutions, including libraries.8
Social partnership in the cultural sector in the Sverdlovsk region is implemented in the form of a tripartite agreement on interaction in solving the most pressing social and labor problems. The agreement includes a recommendation for city and district administrations to introduce a 1.2 coefficient to the wages of employees of libraries, clubs, and museums.18
In Moscow, among the 19 existing city industry agreements, an agreement on social partnership was signed between the Committee on Culture of the Moscow Government and the Moscow City Committee of Trade Unions of Cultural Workers. It contains the obligations assumed by the Moscow Government Committee for Culture in relation to libraries. In particular, the need to finance from the city budget the protection of the premises of public libraries, the work of mobile collections and interlibrary loans, promoting the preservation of the library collection, the inadmissibility of the seizure of industrial premises and areas of organizations and cultural institutions, including libraries. The rights of trade unions to develop and control the implementation of labor protection conditions are also secured; All subordinate organizations are recommended to develop and agree with trade union committees on bonuses and allowances that regulate the procedure for forming the wage fund, including from extra-budgetary sources.2, 21
In addition to the listed regulatory contracts and agreements, libraries use other types of them. Taking into account the organizational, economic and functional activities of the library, experts identify the following types of contracts:
agreements regulating relations within the library (administration with the founders, administration with the workforce);
contracts for the purchase and sale of services and products, specific rights, rental, copyright, licensing agreements;
contract agreements for the creation and transfer of intellectual products, library and information services to users;
agreements on joint activities - the creation of temporary organizational and legal structures, orders, commercial, agency, loan and lending;
special agreements on charitable provision (donation, donation, etc.).11
Local regulations, regulatory treaties and agreements play an extremely important role as instruments of legal regulation of social partnership of libraries. They contribute to organization and management, create conditions for the rationalization of legal activities and optimization of the process of legal regulation of library legal relations.

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