Is an employer required to pay compensation to an employee injured at work? Types of injuries at work - the main reasons, how to apply for and receive compensation payments. What kind of injury at work is considered minor.

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Employee's procedure

What a person who has suffered at work and suffered a work-related injury should never do is leave the company without notifying anyone about what happened. There is every reason to believe that ultimately the injury will be considered a domestic injury, and the employee who left his workplace will be recognized as absentee.

This is not just a warning, it is reality. Management is unlikely to want the injury rate at the enterprise to increase.

Attention! How to behave if you are injured at work:

First of all, call the charge nurse. She will not only provide first aid and call a doctor, but will also assess the extent of the injury;
receive the act. The document is drawn up by a commission based on the results of an inspection of the incident;
go to a medical facility and issue a sick leave certificate.

If the injury is considered moderate or severe, contact the Social Insurance Fund. There you can make additional payments.

ATTENTION! Look at the completed sample report on an industrial accident:

Statute of limitations

Current labor legislation regulates the procedure, conditions and timing of investigations into the causes of an employee’s injury at work.

Notice! So in Art. 229.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states the following:

if the employee received a minor injury, the commission will investigate the incident within 3 days from the day it happened;
If serious injuries are sustained or a person is killed as a result of the accident, the investigation lasts for 15 days. If there is a need for additional medical examination, the duration of the investigation is increased by another 15 days;
if additional examinations, which are carried out in specialized institutions, are unavoidable, the time for investigating the causes of the incident, by agreement of the management of the enterprise and the commission, is extended for the required period;
Sometimes it takes some time before it becomes known that an employee has suffered a work injury. In this case, the injured employee writes a corresponding statement. In this situation, the investigation lasts for 30 calendar days from the date of filing the application.

All other cases of injury at work will not be investigated, because it is impossible to prove that the injury was not sustained at home.

Payments and compensation for work injuries in 2018

The employer is obliged to compensate for damage suffered by an employee at work. Considering the fact that for each employee contributions are made to the Social Insurance Fund, which includes insurance against industrial accidents, the employer’s costs are reimbursed from the Social Insurance Fund.

Please note! Employees of an enterprise who are injured at work can count on receiving the following mandatory insurance payments:

a lump sum payment in case of injury at work as a result of an accident. This payment is made to the Social Insurance Fund. You can receive it after a personal application to this Fund or through an employer. In 2018, citizens can receive no more than 97,778 rubles from the Social Insurance Fund as a one-time compensation and payment for an injury sustained at work. It should be noted that such a payment occurs only if a person completely loses his ability to work and cannot restore it within 4 months;
monthly benefit assigned in connection with the onset of temporary disability. This type of benefit is issued in exactly the same way as sick leave. Although there are some differences that are important to know not only for the injured employee, but also for the employer. For example, if benefits are paid due to an industrial injury that led to temporary disability, a person on sick leave receives payments in the amount of 100% of the average salary. If the amount of payments is less, this is a violation of labor laws. Payments can last up to 4 months. How long a person will be on sick leave depends on the decision of the specialists of the medical institution where he went. Please note that the amount of payments cannot exceed 300,728 rubles for 4 months. By the way, sick leave is issued for a maximum of 4 months.

The listed payments will be transferred to the victim of the accident, regardless of who is to blame for the incident.

Thus, even if the employee received an industrial injury through his own fault, and not through the fault of the employer or other employees, he will receive the benefits provided by law. There are no restrictions on the payment of compensation to the victim.

The benefits mentioned earlier are transferred to the employee by the employer based on the application of the victim on the day of payment of the next salary.

The injured employee has the right to contact the Social Insurance Fund himself. This happens, for example, in the event of liquidation of the company, or if additional medical expenses arise that require compensation.

In some cases, in addition to the above payments, the employee receives additional payments. But these compensations are not mandatory.

Attention! Our qualified lawyers will assist you free of charge and around the clock on any issues.

In this case we are talking about:

compensation for material damage. An employee who is injured in an accident and his property is damaged has the right to compensation for direct material damage. Note! Compensation for material damage is possible in the event that the investigation proves the employer’s guilt. If third parties are found guilty, responsibility for compensation for material damage rests with them;
compensation for moral damage. When a person receives a work injury, he is entitled to compensation not only for material, but also for moral damage. Typically, moral damages are compensated by the guilty party. But often the decision on such compensation is made by the court. There are examples from judicial practice when an employer is held liable for an accident and is required to pay compensation if it is not his fault. This happens, for example, when the culprits are third parties who did not warn the employee about some of the nuances of his activities or possible dangers;
compensation for lost earnings. Sometimes it happens that sick leave payments are lower than the employee’s average monthly earnings or salary. In such a situation, the employer will have to compensate the difference between the actual payments received and the average monthly earnings. This will only happen if the full or partial fault of the employer in the accident is proven. The decision to recover the specified difference in payments is made by the court or made in pre-trial proceedings. Also, the difference between the payments stipulated by law and the payments actually received is paid in the case when compensation for sick leave is less than the average earnings due to the maximum value being reached;
reimbursement of costs for the purchase of medications, rehabilitation in a sanatorium and medical procedures. You can receive such compensation from your employer or from the Social Insurance Fund. To receive the specified payment, a medical examination conclusion and confirmation of the fact that all of the listed appointments are necessary for the victim are required;
payment of financial assistance. It should be noted that such payments are not mandatory, since they are not defined by regulations or any documents. The employer can take the initiative and provide the victim with financial assistance. In addition, a provision on the provision of financial assistance to employees who have suffered a work-related injury can be officially included in the internal regulations of the enterprise itself, in a collective or labor agreement concluded with an employee upon hiring. Thus, if a resolution on the payment of financial assistance to employees is in the above documents, this action is mandatory, and the employer is obliged to fulfill it. But, we repeat once again that in most cases this payment is made at the initiative of the enterprise management. The employer must understand that financial assistance from the Social Insurance Fund is not compensated. But it is not subject to taxes (if it does not exceed 4 thousand rubles).

If an employee dies as a result of an accident or work injury, his relatives will receive compensation. This payment is fixed and equals 1 million rubles.

The primary right to receive compensation in the event of the death of a person is his children, parents, spouses and dependents of the deceased who became disabled within 5 years after his death.

Payments are not due to other relatives of the deceased employee. In this situation, the procedure for paying compensation does not correspond to the procedure for inheriting property after the death of the testator. Payments are made within 2 months from the date of death of the person.

Watch the video. Work injury: workers' rights and employer's responsibilities

Procedure for processing documents

Payments to the victim are made upon presentation of certain documents.

Attention! These include:

application for payment;
an act drawn up by a special commission based on the results of an investigation into the causes of the accident;
expert opinion;
employment contract (copy);
employee work book (copy);
income certificate (period indicated by the insurance company);
sick leave received as a result of injury;
certificate of receipt of disability (if necessary).

If a person died as a result of an accident, you will need to provide a death certificate, a medical report on the cause of death, a certificate of funeral expenses, a certificate of the deceased’s salary, and a certificate of the presence of dependents.

ATTENTION! View a completed sample application for benefits after a work injury:

Types of work injuries

Injuries at work are incidents as a result of which the employee received various injuries (Article 227 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Notice! These include:

fractures, bruises, cuts, and other injuries to body parts. This also includes injuries sustained from exposure of the employee to other persons;
various types of burns;
sun or heatstroke;
drowning;
frostbite;
injuries received from exposure to radiation, lightning, electric current;
animal bites or other problems associated with human exposure to insects or animals;
injuries received during the destruction of buildings, structures, accidents, explosions, injuries caused by natural disasters, earthquakes and other emergencies.

The above list is not complete. Work-related injuries also include injuries that occur as a result of exposure to external factors that cause the worker to become temporarily or permanently disabled or die.

What injuries will not be considered work-related?

An injury will not be classified as work-related, even when it was received by an employee at his place of work, if:

the employee was injured during active actions (inaction) that were criminal in nature - when the appropriate qualifications were established by representatives of law enforcement agencies;
injury (death of an employee) occurred as a result of a person being in a state of intoxication (alcohol, drugs, toxic) or poisoning, if the occurrence of such consequences is not related to the technological processes in production where the technology is used. alcohol and substances with various properties (toxic, narcotic, aromatic);
if the cause of death of the employee was a general disease;
in cases of suicide.

The listed facts are reflected without fail by medical experts, bodies of inquiry, investigation, and court in the documents they prepare in the manner prescribed by law.

As in the case of an industrial injury to an employee, the above cases are considered by a specially created commission, which is obliged to conduct an investigation into the fact.

Classification of injuries at work

Notice! Depending on the severity of the harm caused to the employee, injuries at work can be divided into the following types:

mild - such injuries do not require seeking medical help and do not lead to serious consequences for the human body. Such injuries include bruises, abrasions, various scratches, etc. In such situations, outpatient treatment is limited;
medium - after causing such damage, there is a need to consult a doctor. Requires hospital treatment. Sick leave is issued in cases of injury at work for a period of 10-30 days. Such injuries include: burn injuries, bone fractures, sprains, frostbite, etc.;
severe - this type of damage is characterized by the seriousness of the consequences (sometimes irreversible). As a result of their occurrence, functional disruptions occur in the body, they directly lead to incapacity for work (including the appearance of disability) for a period of more than 30 days. For example, these could be: serious fractures, TBI (traumatic brain injury), mental disorders, severe blood loss, severe burns, etc.

A separate point should be noted about another type of injury at work: prof. disease - when, under the influence of constant harmful factors, the functions of the body are disrupted, upon detection of which the employer makes a forced decision to remove the employee from performing his work duties on a permanent basis or for a certain period.

Employer actions and responsibilities

It happens that in the course of performing his duties, an employee is injured, and the employer must find a new position for him or provide other working conditions that comply with medical conditions. indications.

Attention! According to labor legislation, if an employee refuses the proposed new working conditions, the employer acts in two directions:

if it is necessary to transfer to another position for a period of no more than 4 months, the employer’s obligation is to protect the employee from performing his work while maintaining his job. The general rule says that during the period of suspension the employee is not entitled to wages, however, the internal regulations of the organization may also provide for deviations from it;
if it is necessary to transfer an employee to another position for a period of more than 4 months or on permanent terms, the employer has every right to dismiss the employee in accordance with paragraph 8 of Article 77. Reasons - the employee’s refusal to transfer to a position that is more acceptable for medical reasons or the absence of a corresponding position in the organization . In the event of an accident in the organization, however, provided the employer complies with all necessary labor safety measures, he will not bear liability beyond the scope of standard payments. However, if a case of occupational injury is concealed or the conditions for ensuring labor safety are violated, liability arises in full.

Please note! Common violations committed when it is discovered that workers have been injured at work include:

the employer deliberately hides information about the fact that an employee (employees) have suffered work-related injuries in the organization;
the employer organized an investigation into injuries at work, but performed its duties improperly;
a deliberate attempt to pass off an industrial injury as an ordinary domestic injury, in order to avoid associated liability and material costs;
the amount of compensation due to the employee is underestimated;
the employee is denied compensation for damages.

In case of incidents at work, the guilty employer will be held accountable, first of all, within the framework of administrative legislation - under Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses.

Responsibility for injuries to employees working in the organization, if such cases occur during the production period, rests with the employer and responsible officials.

Punishment in such cases is provided not only by administrative, but also by criminal standards. As a result, the violator may be given either a regular fine or imprisonment. Let's consider administrative sanctions.

The employer, together with the employees responsible for the emergency, may be punished under both Article 5.27 (parts 1, 2) and Article 5.27.1 of the Code.

Attention! When the requirements for regulatory documentation and standards for protecting the professional activities of employees are not met, sanctions are provided in the form of fines (under Part 1 of Article 5.27 of the Code):

in the amount of 1 to 5 thousand rubles (if the official is guilty);
in the amount of 1 to 5 thousand rubles (if the culprit is an individual entrepreneur);
in the amount of 30 to 50 thousand rubles (if a legal entity is responsible).

When the law is not observed again, and the culprit again commits similar violations, the punishment will be as follows (under Part 2 of Article 5.27 of the Code):

in the amount of 10 to 20 thousand rubles/disqualification for up to 3 years (if the violator is an employee);
in the amount of 10 to 20 thousand rubles (if the violator is an individual entrepreneur);
in the amount of 50 to 70 thousand rubles (for legal entities - violators).

Liability for an accident that occurred at work according to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

A company that is guilty of cases of industrial injuries to its workers may incur criminal liability under a number of articles from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Notice! In case of unintentional harm, characterized by a severe degree of damage caused to the health of an employee in the process of non-compliance by the employer with the standards for ensuring the protection of labor activities of employees, liability arises under Article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (clause 1):

payments in the form of a fine in the amount of up to 400 thousand rubles, wages (other income) of the culprit received for 1.5 years;
legally required work lasting from 180 to 240 hours;
corrected labor for up to 2 years;
forced labor for up to a year;
deprivation of the right to freedom with imprisonment for up to a year, with deprivation of the right to hold office for the same period (or without limitation).

If the employer fails to comply with the standards for ensuring the safety of industrial work activities, and if there is an obligation to take such measures in the event of the death of an employee, criminal liability arises (under paragraph 2 of Article 143 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Labor legislation obliges employers to provide employees with safe conditions and labor protection in the organization. But, if you still could not avoid injury, then it is worth knowing in which cases the injury is considered work-related and in which it is not.

What is a work injury

The definition of an industrial injury is fixed at the legal level: this is harm to an employee as a result of an accident that occurred during working hours, on the way to or from work (Article 227 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Questions always arise regarding injuries sustained outside the work environment. In order for an injury to be considered work-related, it must meet the following criteria:

there was a direct performance of job duties specified in the job description, as a result of which the injury was sustained;
carried out the execution of instructions from the enterprise administration;
an accident that occurred on the way to work under certain conditions;
the injury occurred during a rest period or lunch break organized by the employer;
the injury occurred outside the enterprise, but the employee followed the employer’s instructions;
the injury occurred on a business trip or along the way.

If the accident occurred due to the fault of the employee, then this case is not considered as an injury received at work, and therefore does not imply compensation.

But it is still necessary to create a special commission to establish the causes of industrial injuries in each specific case, and it will help to defend your rights.

Not only those workers who work in production facilities with known hazardous working conditions, but also office workers can be injured.

The result of an industrial injury received both at the place of work and on the way to it may be the need to transfer the injured employee to another, easier job, as well as temporary disability or permanent loss of ability for work by the employee, in rare cases - death. An illness received as a result of performing work functions can also be recognized as a work injury.

Causes of industrial injuries and their participants

Injuries sustained at work have different reasons, among which are: failure to comply with safety regulations on the part of the employee, improper use of technical equipment, negligence of the employee, permission by the employer to carry out work by an unqualified specialist, failure to provide instructions, etc.

Participants in an industrial accident can be: the employee himself, the employer, a student undergoing an internship at work, a citizen involved in performing work (public works) on the basis of a judicial act, a convicted person who was involved in physical work in production.

Types of work injuries

All injuries received at work (depending on the type of damage) can be divided into the following types: electrical, chemical, temperature, technical.

In this case, it is not so much the type of damage that is of key importance, but the degree of injury received. Accordingly, depending on the last factor, work-related injuries are classified into mild injuries, for example, bruises, ordinary bone fractures, concussion, miscarriage, and severe injuries.

Severe injuries that pose a direct threat to the health and life of an employee include:

complex bone fractures;
injuries accompanied by blood loss of more than 20%;
serious disruption of the functioning of internal organs;
brain injuries;
coma;
damage to the cardiovascular system;
burns and chemical burns;
loss of vision, hearing or speech;
mental disorders of a complex nature.

A separate line includes occupational diseases that lead to permanent impairment of the employee’s health, as well as partial or complete loss of ability to work.

Injury sustained on the way to or from work

An injury received by an employee on the way to the place of performance of work functions or from work home on the transport of the employer or his representative is automatically considered industrial.

If an employee was driving a personal vehicle and was injured, then it is considered work-related if:

the car was used by the employee to carry out the employer’s orders or for official purposes (as specified in the employment contract), when the work of such an employee involves official travel in accordance with his job description;
a corresponding order from the manager was issued;
the accounting department has a copy of the car’s registration certificate;
if the employee drove the car on the basis of a power of attorney;
The company keeps records of employee business trips (trips) in a personal car, for example, on the basis of waybills.

Thus, an injury received on the way to work, or from work home, while traveling on public transport, on foot or in a personal car, but without an agreement on this with the employer, is considered as domestic (Article 227 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Injury sustained during a business trip to the place of work

An injury sustained by an employee during a work trip (by car, on foot) to the place of work on the instructions of the employer will be considered an industrial injury. As a rule, such injuries occur among those workers whose work is traveling in nature, such as drivers, sales representatives and couriers.

The traveling nature must be documented at the place of work. As evidence, an employment agreement (contract, agreement), job description, business trip (trip) logbook, route sheets and others are provided.

An injury received by such an employee is recognized as an industrial injury if all the specified documents are available, the employment contract contains a provision regarding the traveling nature of the work, and it was received during the performance of labor functions.

Injury sustained by workers during a lunch break or during a “smoke break”

Employees can be injured while at work, but without actually performing work functions, both during lunch breaks and during so-called smoke breaks (smoking breaks), if such breaks (for eating, resting, smoking) are established by the employer . Grounds for establishing breaks provided for in the provisions of Articles 107, 108 and 227 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the time for providing such breaks and their duration are determined by the employer in the internal labor regulations, or on the basis of an agreement reached between the employee and the employer.

For example, when an employer, under the terms of an employment contract, provided employees with free food in a canteen located in a neighboring building. In the internal labor regulations, the employer recorded the time of the lunch break, and also transferred money for employee lunches to the bank account of the organization (canteen) providing the relevant services. The funds are transferred when the employees were actually at the workplace and went to lunch at the canteen chosen by the employer at the set time. If, on the way to lunch, an icicle falls on an employee and causes significant damage to him, or he slips on the porch of the dining room and breaks his leg, then these incidents can be classified as work-related injuries.

If workers receive similar injuries during the time period established for lunch, but on the way to the restaurant of their choice, and not to the canteen with which the employer agreed, then they will be recognized as domestic injuries.

The situation with smoking breaks is more complicated. In order for injuries sustained during a smoking break to be considered work-related, the following conditions must be met:

the time of the break(s) for smoking and their duration must be adopted by the internal labor regulations;
Special smoking areas must be equipped in accordance with the requirements of safety regulations, marked with “Smoking Area” signs;
the presence of such places must be recorded in an independent document of the organization - the employer, with whom the employees are introduced against signature.

In accordance with these nuances, injuries received during a smoking break in a neighboring yard or a nearby square, received by workers who went out to smoke in the fresh air during an official break, are not recognized as an industrial injury. Such injuries are considered domestic injuries.

The injury was caused to the employee by other persons

In accordance with the provisions of Art. 227 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an injury inflicted on an employee by another person is classified as bodily injury, which is considered both as domestic and industrial injuries, depending on the participants and the circumstances of the case. In each specific case, a complete analysis of the circumstances is carried out, the perpetrators and punishment are identified, and the possibility of compensation for material and moral damage is considered. Since there are many nuances in these situations, compensation is paid initially not at the expense of the employer, but at the expense of the Social Insurance Fund. Then, through the court, you can obtain compensation from the guilty person.

The injury occurred during a corporate event

Such injuries are always considered domestic, even if they occurred on the employer’s premises and during working hours.

For example, if employees were celebrating the approach of the New Year during the working day, and while setting off fireworks in the yard of the company-employer they received burns, then such situations are still classified as domestic injuries, even if their goal was to strengthen the corporate spirit.

Should you look for a solution yourself or entrust the work to a lawyer?

It is better to entrust the work on labor law to a lawyer or attorney. Believe me, he knows the subtleties and nuances that will help you not only save time, but avoid critical mistakes. And you can find experienced lawyers from any city in Russia on YurProvodnik.

Moreover, the following situations do not apply to industrial accidents:

death of an employee due to illness or suicide, confirmed by a health care institution and investigative authorities;
death of an employee or harm to health, the sole cause of which was alcohol or other toxic intoxication not associated with violations of the technological process (using toxic substances);
an accident that occurred to an employee due to his commission of a criminal act.

Conclusions:

Each case of injury to an employee is reviewed and investigated on an individual basis.
It is important to take into account all the conditions the presence of which recognizes a particular injury as a work-related injury, which means that the employee can count on certain payments.
In order for an injury received on the road to fall under the definition of an industrial injury, it is necessary that the employee travel to the place of performance of work functions in the transport provided for these purposes by the employer or use his own vehicle, the use of which for official purposes is specified in the employment contract.
An injury sustained during a business trip will be considered work-related if the traveling nature of the work is provided for in the employment contract.
Injuries received during corporate holidays, or during the period of clarification of relations between employees, are not labor injuries, but fall under the category of domestic injuries.
The result of an industrial injury may be the need to transfer the injured employee to another, easier job, as well as temporary disability or permanent loss of ability for work by the employee, and in rare cases, death. An illness received as a result of performing work functions can also be recognized as a work injury.

Injuries are something that cannot be insured against. And anyone can have an accident at work. Therefore, you should prepare for such situations.

Dear readers! The article talks about typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is individual. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:

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You need to know that injuries at work in the Russian Federation in 2019 are subject to insurance and compensation. But in this regard, there are many nuances that determine not only the size of the payment, but also its availability.

Main aspects

In the second instance, you can apply for disability benefits - full or partial. May be required.

How this manual works

The employer is responsible for:

These actions should be completed as soon as possible. Because it is required by both legislation and standard procedure.

All documents for such a case must be prepared in advance so that registration takes as little time as possible.

Time frame for investigation

There is a division of investigation periods. Thus, in the event of an incident with a minor injury, the legislation provides three for carrying out all organizational actions.

But if an employee was seriously injured or a death was recorded, then the investigation period increases to 15 days.

When the employer was notified of the incident also plays a role. If this did not happen on the same day, then he is given the opportunity to carry out all activities within a month from the date of receipt of information about the accident.

Required documents

The injured employee must provide the following package of documents:

in the form of a copy;
passport document;
an injury at work is determined by its severity;
receipts for medicines and medical services;
act of recording an incident.

The employer submits the following documents to the Social Insurance Fund:

statement of injury;
investigation report;
confirmation of payment of insurance contributions for the employee;
average salary per employee;
a certificate confirming the availability of payments for a work injury.

Algorithm for calculating damage caused

To do this, use a formula with the following indicators:

maximum benefit amount;
number of days of sick leave;
days due to incapacity for work.

Who should compensate the victim?

It should be understood that if there are contributions to the Social Insurance Fund, all payments that are made for the injured person fall on this government organization.

This is a kind of insurance for both the employee and the company.

Payment amount

With the help of an injury at work and sick leave payment will be made with the transfer of the entire amount of wages for the employee for the period of his incapacity for work.

The maximum amounts are intended for those workers who received severe work injuries.

Last changes

It is necessary to understand that the state keeps records of payments for contributions in this area. Because this allows for the availability of compensation for many workers.

An injury sustained at work is harm to health that occurred during working hours (including during a break and while doing overtime). This term also includes injuries sustained while traveling to or from work, during business trips and business trips. Accidents that occur with students undergoing practical training with an employer are also considered work-related injuries.

Severity of injury at work

There are two types of workplace injuries classified according to severity. This is determined by the nature of the injury received, its consequences, influence on the occurrence and aggravation of occupational and chronic diseases, the degree and duration of loss of legal capacity. So, they distinguish:

1. Severe injuries at work - injuries that seriously threaten the health and life of the injured person, which include:

offensive;

severe blood loss (more than 20%);

coma;

acute failure of vital organs;

penetrating wounds;

complex, open bone fractures;

dislocation or fracture of the vertebrae of the spinal column;

brain contusion;

radiation injuries;

mental disorders;

damage to the main blood vessels;

termination of pregnancy and some others.

2. Minor injuries at work - other, not so serious types of injuries, for example:

simple ;

muscle strains;

concussion, etc.

Bruises, cuts, fractures, dislocations, sprains - the list of injuries that can easily be sustained at home is huge. At the same time, many of them often come as a complete surprise, because it is difficult to take for granted the fact that just getting up from the couch, you can tear the tendons in your leg. This type of injury often appears to require significant external force rather than an awkward movement of the arm or leg. AiF.ru was told by a traumatologist-orthopedist at the State Clinical Hospital named after AiF.ru about what threatens a person’s home, in which “the walls protect.” F.I. Inozemtseva, postgraduate student of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RMANPO Genrikh Krasnov.

Kitchen cuts

People often harm themselves. For example, everyone knows that you need to carefully hold a can of canned food when opening it so as not to cut yourself, but many place it in such a way that the space between the thumb and forefinger gets hit. It also often happens that they test the sharpness of a metal cut with their finger. All this causes varying degrees of injuries and cuts.

Depending on the force of impact and the sharpness of the object (for example, a knife), the depth of the lesion is determined. From a banal scratch to damage to tendons, nerves, ligaments, blood vessels, and in special cases, bones.

Today, there are many different devices made to protect against cuts, including those that can be invented without leaving home. But, unfortunately, people neglect safety precautions and do not resort to using the above-mentioned means. If you do cut yourself, you need to be as careful as possible in assessing the extent of the damage:

If the tendon is damaged, flexion or extension function is impaired (the flexor or extensor tendon is damaged)

When an artery is damaged, pulsating bleeding is typical.

If the nerve is damaged, there is a loss of sensitivity.

If the skin diverges from each other, it will most likely be necessary to apply sutures (the so-called primary surgical treatment of the wound)

In all of the above cases, as soon as possible, it is necessary to apply a tight bandage with napkins soaked in an antiseptic and go to the emergency room at your place of residence.

Insidious bruises and sprains

Situations with a hammer hitting the fingers have long become anecdotal and feuilleton. And this is another common household injury. It is enough to gape a little, get distracted, or simply miss while driving nails into the wall, and injury is guaranteed. First of all, you should apply ice to the site of the injury and then figure out how critical the situation is. An injury of this nature can lead to a fracture of the phalanges of the fingers. If you do not consult a doctor in time and do not receive the necessary examination and treatment, then there is a high probability of complications in the form of malunion. It is not uncommon for bruises to have a hematoma under the nail, which, as a rule, is removed by doctors for faster recovery.

Tendon and ligament injuries

Jogging on a wet floor, or abruptly getting up from a sofa or bed with careless support on your leg can cause a rupture of the Achilles tendon or ligaments of the ankle joint, which are responsible for its stability. In such cases, treatment is provided in the form of immobilization (plasters, orthoses, braces). You should not self-medicate, because the tactics should be determined by a specialist. First of all, it is necessary to ensure the rest of the injured limb. Try to completely eliminate the load on it so as not to worsen the existing picture.

Torn back and rested hands

Lifting weights, moving a cabinet from corner to corner, rising too sharply from a bend to a standing position, for example, when washing floors (which many do constantly, because mopping is not always convenient) can also cause a painful condition - the so-called dorsopathy. This may occur from an aggravated intervertebral hernia (which a person might not even know about), which pressed on a nerve root, which caused a lumbago in the back. Or muscle overstrain, which led to their spasm, resulting in pain. In this case, you need to contact a neurologist or orthopedic traumatologist for medical help.

During sleep, a situation often occurs that a person rests his arm, neck, etc.

As for the spine, unpleasant and painful sensations are associated with an uncomfortable position, which leads to improper loading of the muscles and their further spasm. When it comes to the limbs, most often the arms, then in this case we are talking about compression of blood vessels and nerves, which causes a decrease in blood circulation and innervation (supply of organs and tissues with nerves) of the segment. As a rule, no special treatment is required and it is enough to bring the limb into a comfortable position; you can also massage nearby areas (for the upper limbs, for example, the neck, the shoulder joint area and the entire arm as a whole).

High-altitude work

Replacing a light bulb in a chandelier, painting the ceiling, cleaning high mezzanines - in a word, everything that requires lifting to a height is potentially dangerous. After all, falls are not uncommon in everyday life. And a fall is followed by bruises, fractures, sprains, and traumatic brain injuries. First of all, you need to take care of safety precautions. It is important to ensure a stable position when working at heights. Also, do not neglect insurance, or ask someone else to provide insurance. If the fall could not be avoided, then it is necessary to adequately assess the damage received. Even a slight blow to the head, in the presence of weakened brain vessels, can lead to their damage and the formation of hemorrhage. It is worth paying attention to the appearance of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and malaise. If they occur, delaying going to the doctor (neurologist) can cause irreparable damage to your health.

If the blow fell on the limbs, ribs, spine, inspect the damaged segment and pay attention to: the appearance of deformation, hematoma, the inability or difficulty to carry out those actions and movements that were easy before the injury. There is an opinion among patients that, for example, if they received a fracture of the lower limb, they would not be able to walk. It's a delusion! Don't put it off and hope for chance. Contact the emergency room and a specialist will determine the extent and severity of the damage.

Burn Center

Another common injury that a person can receive while at home is burns. It is enough to grab the pan with the lid slightly open so that the steam burns the skin of your hands. Open fire becomes a potential hazard. Treating burns is quite troublesome and painful. For 1st degree burns, as a rule, no special treatment is required, and it is mainly aimed at pain relief and dressings with antiseptics if the skin is damaged. Starting from the 2nd, when blisters are already forming, it is necessary to go to the emergency room to determine treatment tactics.