Coursework: Formation of assortment. Features of the formation of an assortment of goods in a retail chain store The concept of assortment, types and classification

Analysis and assessment of the features of the formation of the product range at Lyudmila LLC

Formation of a trade assortment is one of the main functions of a retail trade organization, which determines its competitiveness.

Let's look at the structure of the assortment in the Lyudmila store in the Women's Clothing department. The study showed that the main part of the assortment consists of outerwear, suits, blouses, skirts, trousers, knitwear and leather goods. The target category of buyers are residents of nearby houses with low and medium purchasing power.

The turnover of the “Women’s clothing” department of the “Lyudmila” store is constantly growing. In 2007, its total volume amounted to 5,777,290 rubles, which is 252,000 rubles more than in 2008. The growth rate in this case was 4%. Due to rising prices, the turnover of the Lyudmila store in 2008 increased by half, the data is shown in table No. 1.

Table 1 Assessment of competitiveness indicators of the Lyudmila store

Table 2. Indicators of the competitiveness of the Lyudmila store with different purchasing power, in %.

Index	High purchasing power	Average purchasing power	Low purchasing power
Product range
Product prices
Product quality
Service culture
Store location
Store interior

The indicators presented in the tables allow us to note that the store is well located and has a beautiful interior. The Lyudmila store has a high level of customer service culture. However, the enterprise under study is inferior to such indicators as product range. During a survey of customers, it was found that the assortment for some product groups was not expanded enough.

A survey of store management showed that the formation of the assortment is carried out by a merchandiser based on requests from sellers, i.e. This process is influenced by the human factor. The assortment is a significant factor for the formation of customer loyalty. Taking this into account, an assortment analysis was carried out using ABC techniques.

The essence of ABC analysis is based on the Pareto principle: “a relatively small number of causes are responsible for the majority of possible results,” currently better known as the “80:20 rule.” Due to its universal effectiveness, this analysis method has become widespread. The result of ABC analysis is the grouping of objects according to the degree of influence on the overall result. It is believed that 20% of the product mix accounts for 80% of total sales.

Data for the Lyudmila store are presented in Table 3.

Table 3 Amount of products sold for 2008 by product group

Table 4. Ranking of the assortment in descending order of contribution to the turnover of each item

This method will allow us to determine the optimal ratio of groups and types in a retail trade organization, taking into account the basic requirements for achieving the goal. The method involves dividing the entire product range according to several criteria into three categories for each criterion. Category “A” includes goods that make up about 70% of product sales (in rubles). Category “B” includes goods that make up about 25% of product sales (in rubles), and category “C” - about 5%. Moreover, it is recommended to include approximately 15% of the total number of goods in the first category, 35% in the second group, and 50% in the third.

Based on the tables and graphs constructed above, a product rating can be compiled (Table 5).

ABC analysis is widely used in various trade organizations. Groups are identified based on the use of one of the following parameters;

· trade turnover
number of units sold
gross profit

main characteristics displayed in the report;

1. product description
2. warehouse balances;
3. sales amount;
4. number of units sold;
5. gross profit;
6. percentage of goods from sales amounts (number of units sold, gross profit of the group);
7. cumulative interest;
8. grouping of objects based on ABC analysis.

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The concept of product range in commerce. Analysis of the assortment and structure of the enterprise’s goods, the dynamics of changes in wholesale, retail prices and mark-ups on goods. Measures to improve the formation of a product range and evaluate their effectiveness.

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Assortment management in wholesale trade is carried out through formation of product range– drawing up a certain set of product lines and/or product groups and individual products in accordance with customer demand, in order to more fully satisfy it.

Formation of assortment– a specific method of assortment management, aimed at ensuring the necessary level of customer service and growth of the main economic indicators of the trading organization. Performed by commercial services.

Formation of an assemblage is the process of selecting and establishing a product range that meets customer demand and ensures the profitability of the organization.

Optimization of the AC is an important condition for the uninterrupted supply of the RT with an AC that satisfies the final requirements. consumers.

Principles for forming a product range that ensures its optimization:

Ensuring that the assortment matches the nature of customer demand (comprehensive satisfaction of customer demand within the selected segment; the breadth and depth of goods in warehouses should depend on the profile of customers served, the size of warehouse space, the state of supply in the consumer market);

Ensuring the sustainability of the product range (ensuring an uninterrupted and rhythmic supply of goods to retail trade organizations that are the main wholesale buyers);
- ensuring conditions for the profitability of the wholesale trade organization.

Formation of the assortment in the wholesale trade segment involves 2 stages:

1) determination of the enlarged assortment (list of main groups and subgroups of goods), the basis for which is consumer demand;

2) development of a comprehensive assortment (the number of sold varieties of goods for each item), the presence of which at the enterprise in accordance with specific consumer requests is mandatory (the number of sold varieties for each item is determined).

The main tool when forming an assortment is assortment list goods. It includes a list of names of goods corresponding to the established breadth of assortment, and the minimum required number of varieties of goods, which must be constantly available in the warehouse. It is recommended to develop assortment lists for one year. If necessary, changes can be made to them throughout the year. The assortment list is individual for each wholesale organization and is developed in 3 stages: 1) a list of assortment items is determined: the range of goods passed through wholesale in the previous year and the range of goods specified in supply contracts in the previous year (order portfolio); 2) the number of varieties of each product is calculated according to a certain characteristic (depth); 3) the number of varieties of each product is determined for an irreducible assortment, including such a quantity that must always be in stock and can be offered to customers.

The development of an assortment list is planning the assortment of an organization, which allows the commercial service to carry out systematic procurement of goods and systematic control over the completeness of the assortment in warehouses, as well as the rhythm of supply.

Principles of assortment formation:

· ensuring that the assortment corresponds to demand (it is necessary to provide for comprehensive satisfaction of demand within the selected segment; the breadth and depth of the assortment in warehouses should depend on the assortment profile of the customers being served, the size of warehouse premises, the state of supply in the market, etc.);

· ensuring the stability of the product range (uninterrupted and rhythmic supply of goods to retail consumers);

· ensuring the profitability of wholesale trade enterprises (speed of goods turnover, employee productivity).

Assortment formation process:

· determination of the list of assortment items (main groups and subgroups of goods sold) - the range of goods passed through wholesale in the previous year and the range of goods specified in supply contracts this year,

· determination of the number of sold varieties of goods for each item;

· determination of the number of varieties of each product for a non-reducible assortment (must be constantly in stock and can be offered to the buyer at any time) using Wilson’s formula:

Where N is the cost of storing a unit of inventory per month, C is the cost of placing orders, R is the demand for goods, F is the coefficient of order storage costs.

The tool by which the range of goods is regulated is assortment list. The list includes the names of goods, breadth, and the number of varieties that must always be in stock in the warehouse. It is recommended to develop an assortment list for 1 year, however, additions and changes can be made during the year. Developing an assortment list is planning the assortment of a wholesale organization. Control over the compliance of the actual assortment with the list is carried out by commodity experts and merchants; for this they use specialized software.

Factors in the formation of the assortment: product range, economic content (income from the product), etc.

Assortment optimization is an important condition for the uninterrupted supply of retail trade with an assortment that satisfies end consumers.

Factors influencing the formation of the assortment are divided into general (independent of the specific operating conditions of the enterprise) and specific (reflecting the specific operating conditions of a given trading enterprise). General factors– consumer demand, product supply and price.

Customer demand– the main factor. Demand differs by type of goods: a) everyday demand (essential goods that are purchased daily or every few days: bread, sugar, soap; for these goods a certain stability must be achieved to ensure their uninterrupted sale); b) periodic demand (clothing, dishes, delicacies, fine wines; their purchases are made at long intervals); c) relatively rare demand (durable items whose service life exceeds five years and which are purchased by the population occasionally: furniture, jewelry). The seasonality factor is also taken into account.

Product offer is the availability of goods and services on the market. The basis of this factor is the production capabilities of enterprises producing goods.

The price of the product– the correct understanding and use of this factor largely determines the commercial success of a trading organization in the market. when prices rise and demand exceeds supply. goods sell quickly; at reduced prices and more proposal above demand - sales are slow).

Specific factors– this is the specialization of a wholesale organization (sale or purchase of one product group or several, united by homogeneous consumer goods and purpose, such as clothing, test products), the area of warehouse space (increased retail space - expanded. or deepening the assemblage), its technical equipment (availability of refrigeration equipment), conditions of goods supply (availability of stable sources), development of goods distribution channels (supply system, rhythm of delivery, timing, volume).

Assortment management, its main phases: analysis of the assortment structure, its profitability and competitiveness; market conditions and demand dynamics; competitive environment; suppliers and buyers. Assortment adjustment and planning.

Product assortment management at wholesale trade enterprises- a complex process carried out by a commercial service, in which information support and determination of the need for goods, the selection of partners for establishing economic relations and channels of promotion to the market, the organization of wholesale and wholesale sales of goods, advertising and information work, the provision of services and inventory management of goods are closely interconnected . The assortment management process is the central link in the multi-level chain of activity of a wholesale enterprise.

Assortment management– a set of management functions, which in a wholesale organization include: planning (the organization’s assortment policy to meet demand and economic efficiency, species composition, volumes and proportions of the assortment); organization (formation of assortment and its implementation, assortment list); control aimed at studying the effectiveness of planning and organizing events within the framework of assortment policy.

The task of the analysis is to identify trends and patterns in the formation of the assortment, establish proportions in its structure, and detect its condition. The product assortment planning function of a wholesale organization provides for the following activities:

Determination of the market share of goods;

Studying the needs of customers for goods, requirements for sales systems, service, additional services;

Determining a set of product groups that is most preferred by buyers and ensures the economic efficiency of their production and sale;

Determining the optimal ratio of a set of goods at different stages of the life cycle;

Choosing the most effective method for forming an assortment, taking into account modern principles;

Development of a product sales strategy.

Assortment policy is the determination of a set of product groups that are most preferable for successful work in the market and ensuring the economic efficiency of the organization as a whole.

The tasks that determine the essence of assortment policy are:

Establishing real and expected needs for goods;

Determination of the main indicators of the assortment and analysis of its rationality;

Identification of sources of goods resources necessary for the formation of a rational assortment;

Assessment of the organization’s material capabilities for the purchase and sale of individual goods; - determination of the main directions of assortment formation.

The components of the assortment policy are the following elements: - segmentation and selection of target market segments (segmentation - division of the market into separate groups that differ in parameters or reactions to certain types of activities in the market); - study of customer requirements for goods, packaging, sales methods, services - should be the basis of the trade assortment; - determination of a set of groups of goods that are most preferred by consumers and ensure the economic efficiency of their production and sale; - choosing the most effective method for forming an assortment, taking into account modern principles; - determining the optimal ratio of a set of goods at different stages of the life cycle; -development of an implementation strategy.

The basis for the formation of the assortment policy of a trade organization is the awareness that each product in the assortment, to one degree or another, influences its financial condition.

In the course of assortment policy, you can apply an algorithm for forming an assortment, which includes the following stages: 1) ABC analysis - a method that allows you to classify an organization’s resources according to their degree of importance; 2) accounting for the time of presence of the product on the market, because consumer demand for new products and products established in the market is different (3 months for consumer recognition of the product); 3) analysis of the representation of the evaluated products among competitors (if a competitor has a wider assortment, the consumer goes to him); 4) identifying the presence of substitute goods (substitutes) - their detection in one’s own assortment matrix and in the matrix of competitors can lead to their displacement of goods with similar properties - the risk of “staling” of products in the presence of analogous goods; 5) analysis of the ways of using goods - the possibility of one product using the resources of another is considered, i.e. the potential profitability of the alternative product; 6) consideration of the assortment from the point of view of the presence in it of goods of different price ranges (folk goods, goods of the middle price category and prestigious goods); 7) fame, advertiseability of the product - is taken into account when setting prices for the product and including it in the assortment matrix.

The concept of the product life cycle and assortment planning (tasks, functions and the need for planning are discussed in the previous sub-question). Policy for assortment development, its expansion, thinning, modernization. Operational assortment management.

Factors contributing to changes in assortment:

· research and development;

· changes in the product range of competitors;

· changes in demand for individual goods.

The concept of life cycle is the time a product spends on the market, from its release to its final departure.

The concept of a product life cycle is the inevitable replacement of an existing product by a more advanced one. The life cycle characterizes the dynamics of sales volumes and profits from the moment a new product is introduced to the market until it leaves the market.

Peculiarities:

The concept of life cycle is based on the fact that any product is sooner or later forced out of the market by another, more advanced product;

The duration of the life cycle as a whole and its individual phases depends both on the product itself and on the specific market;

The idea of life cycle allows the manufacturer to take specific measures regarding the product and plan its activities for the future;

With the help of marketing tools, life cycle in the target market can be extended or shortened.

BCG analysis : in the optimal structure of the trade assortment, the phase of the product life cycle is taken into account in terms of the growth rate of their sales volume in a given market and the ratio of the share of sales volumes of these goods and the competitor’s share. Assortment analysis is carried out by placing goods at different stages of the life cycle in one of four matrix fields:

- "Stars": high sales growth and high market share. Market share needs to be maintained and increased. "Stars" bring in a lot of income. But, despite the attractiveness of this product, its net cash flow is quite low, since it requires significant investments to ensure a high growth rate;

- “Cash Cows” (“Money Bags”): high market share, but low sales growth rate. “Cash cows” must be protected and controlled as much as possible. Their attractiveness is explained by the fact that they do not require additional investments and at the same time provide a good cash income. Funds from sales can be used to develop “Difficult Children” and support “Stars”;

- “Dogs” (“Lame Ducks”, “Dead Weight”): growth rate is low, market share is low, the product is generally low in profitability and requires a lot of management attention. “Dogs” need to be gotten rid of;

- "Problem Children" ("Wild Cats", "Dark Horses", "Question Marks"): Low market share but high growth rate. “Difficult children” need to be studied. In the future, they can become both stars and dogs. If there is a possibility of transferring to the stars, then you need to invest, otherwise, get rid of it.

Product life cycle stages:

The launch phase is a period of slow sales growth as the product enters the market. Slow sales growth is due to the following reasons:

– delays caused by the development of production capacity;

– technical problems;

– delays in bringing goods to consumers, especially in retail trade;

– the reluctance of buyers to abandon familiar analogue products.

At this stage, the enterprise either incurs losses or makes a small profit due to insignificant sales and high costs for distribution of goods and sales promotion. Prices are usually higher.

The sales growth stage begins after the product is recognized by buyers and with a rapid increase in demand for it. At this stage, there is an increase in profits, since sales promotion costs fall on a larger volume of sales while simultaneously reducing production costs.

To extend this stage, the company takes the following actions:

– improves the quality of a new product, improves the properties of a product, and releases new models;

– penetrates into new market segments;

– reduces prices in a timely manner;

– uses new distribution channels.

The maturity stage occurs during a period of slowdown in the rate of sales of a product when the market is saturated (when further demand for the product is satisfied through substitution). Manufacturers accumulate stocks of unsold goods, competition intensifies, prices decrease, while advertising costs increase, the number of preferential deals increases and, as a result, profits decrease, and weak competitors drop out of the fight. In such conditions, ways to modify the market, product and marketing mix are sought.

The development of the assortment is carried out on the basis of its modification (modernization), expansion (narrowing), as well as deepening and thinning out individual product lines. Typical solutions for assortment development can be aimed at eliminating assortment “holes” or, conversely, at “thinning out” an overly wide assortment, modernizing product lines (adapting to new technical, environmental, aesthetic and other requirements of the target group).

Market modification involves increasing the consumption of a product by finding new market segments, ways to stimulate growth in the intensity of consumption of the product by customers, and repositioning the product to increase its attractiveness.

Modification of a product is aimed at improving its quality, increasing useful properties and improving external design. Improving the quality of a product consists of increasing durability, trouble-free operation, maintainability, or increasing, improving speed, taste, etc. This approach is effective in cases where the product can be improved (buyers want to believe and believe statements about improved quality). The strategy of increasing the useful properties of a product is aimed at finding means that make the product more versatile, safer, and more convenient. Improving the external design is another way to attract buyers to the product.

The development of the product range is the most important task of the enterprise. When improving its product policy, an enterprise must take into account the development indicators of its product range

Decisions on the development of the product range are made taking into account:

· production and financial capabilities of the enterprise, its sales system, personnel qualifications;

· market needs, consumer expectations and motivation for their behavior in the market;

· the possibility of creating a promising product line that meets market requirements.

Strategic management decisions on the development of product lines can have different contents and are aimed at:

· expansion of product lines in order to best meet market needs. In practice, extension by assortment and price is used;

· thinning out the product line - removing from production those goods that are not in demand;

· modernization of the product line - adaptation to new market requirements.

Expansion of the range can be based on:

On the origin of goods, when the existing assortment is supplemented by new types of goods technically related to it;

Based on customer demand, when new products are introduced into the assortment taking into account customer needs.

INTRODUCTION

Conclusion
Bibliography

Files: 1 file

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE PRODUCT RANGE.

1.1 Essence and classification of the product range.

1.2 Assortment policy as a process of forming a product range.

1.3 Methods for creating a product range.

1.3.1 Operating leverage method

1.3.2 Method for ranking the product range based on the BCG matrix

1.3.3 Linear programming method

CHAPTER II. ANALYSIS OF FORMATION OF THE PRODUCT RANGE ON THE EXAMPLE OF AUTO KVADRO N LLC

2.1 General characteristics of AUTO KVADRO N LLC

2.2. Analysis of the features of the formation of the enterprise’s trade assortment

2.3. Justification of the approach to the formation of the enterprise’s assortment

2.1. Proposals for the formation of the product range of AUTO KVADRO N LLC

Conclusion

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

The transition to a market economy requires enterprises to increase production efficiency, the competitiveness of products and services based on the introduction of scientific and technological progress, effective forms of business and production management, overcoming mismanagement, intensifying entrepreneurship, initiative, etc.

An important role in the implementation of this task is given to the economic analysis of the activities of business entities. With its help, a strategy and tactics for the development of the enterprise is developed, plans and management decisions are substantiated, their implementation is monitored, reserves for increasing production efficiency are identified, and the results of the activities of the enterprise, its divisions and employees are assessed.

A qualified economist, financier, accountant, auditor must have a good command of modern methods of economic research, methods of systematic, comprehensive economic analysis, and the skill of accurate, timely, comprehensive analysis of the results of economic activity.

This course work is devoted to one of the most important sections of the analysis of the economic activities of an enterprise - the analysis of the formation of the product range.

Today there are a huge number of trade and retail organizations on the market. Each of them is engaged in trade or provision of some types of services.

The consumer is placing ever new, more sophisticated demands on products. Buyers want the products they buy to be more practical, beautiful and durable. Trade organizations are forced to satisfy the ever-increasing demands of their customers. That is why correction of the assortment is very important today.

The concept of product range includes the totality of their types, varieties and varieties, united or combined according to a certain characteristic.

The product range is a range of goods to be sold in a retail chain. Formation of an assortment is the process of selecting groups, types and varieties of goods in accordance with the demand of the population in order to fully satisfy it.

From our point of view, constant attention in stores should be paid to the formation of a product range, as a process developing over time of establishing a product range that would satisfy the product structure of the population's demand.

Retail trade is one of the main sources of provision for the population. On the basis of this, product supply and consumer demand are formed, and is also a source of cash flow. Trade ensures the financial stability of the enterprise.

A rich competitive environment has formed in this sector of the economic system.

Entrepreneurial and investment activity in this area is the highest.

In retail trade organizations, the process of circulation of funds invested in production is completed, commodity value is converted into monetary value, and an economic basis for the supply of goods is created. There are constant and qualitative changes caused by management methods that ensure increased efficiency of trade organizations and improved trade culture.

The success of retail trade depends on the ability to please the client - this is already an axiom. Currently, an increase in the range of goods does not always correspond to quality and does not meet modern global requirements.

Errors in choosing a product, ignorance of its properties, characteristics, storage and transportation conditions, and incorrect assessment of quality can result in major losses and damages for the entrepreneur. Therefore, future entrepreneurs need basic understanding of commodity science of various groups of goods.

The social environment and the economy of the enterprise depend on the incorrect formation of the assortment, which affects product supply and consumer demand and many other factors.

It is important that a trade enterprise attracts the attention of the buyer at least once and that they want to come into it in the future. Success will depend on the breadth and completeness of the assortment, as well as prices corresponding to the consumer’s ability to pay. An important factor will be where the store is located and how much space it occupies.

Market success, therefore, is a criterion for assessing the activities of domestic enterprises, and their market opportunities predetermine a properly developed and consistently implemented product policy.

It is on the basis of studying the market and the prospects for its development that the enterprise receives initial information to resolve issues related to the formation of the assortment, its management and improvement.

All of the above determines the relevance of our research.

The subject of the study is the features of the formation and improvement of the assortment at a retail trade enterprise.

The object of the study is the assortment of AUTO KVADRO N LLC (Auto Parts store).

The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of forming the assortment of a retail enterprise, as well as to develop proposals for optimizing the assortment of a retail trade organization to improve the efficiency of its activities as a whole.

To achieve the main goal of the work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Study the theoretical foundations of the assortment and its indicators;

Identify the basics of forming the organization’s assortment,

In general, describe the activities of the enterprise AUTO VADRO N LLC,

Identify the features of assortment policy;

Study the state of the assortment of AUTO VADRO N LLC;

Justify proposals for optimizing the enterprise’s assortment.

During the research process, books, articles by domestic and foreign authors on this issue, as well as documentation from the enterprise AUTO KVADRO N LLC were used.

The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained, as well as recommendations for improving the activities of both the enterprise under study and other retail enterprises.

CHAPTER I. THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE PRODUCT RANGE.

1.1 Essence and classification of the product range.

One of the most important characteristics of goods is the assortment characteristic, which determines the fundamental differences between goods of different types and names.

An assortment is a certain set or list of goods of various types, varieties, combined according to some characteristic (by purpose, raw materials from which they are made, etc.).

The totality of goods in the assortment is characterized by a certain unity, expressing the relationship between individual products in the system as a whole. Therefore, the assortment of goods is not a random collection, but a purposefully formed one, in which the state of individual products and their ratio are in complex interdependence.

From an economic point of view, assortment is one of the most important factors determining the degree of balance between supply and demand for specific products.

It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of “assortment” and “nomenclature”. Nomenclature is a broader concept than assortment. The nomenclature may include several types of assortment, united by a common characteristic, and the assortment is more detailed.

The product range is of great socio-economic importance, since the complete satisfaction of consumer demand and the quality of trade services for market entities depend on it.

Among the most universal parameters characterizing the trade assortment, the following are used: breadth, depth (length), richness and rationality, harmony.

Breadth represents the total number of product product groups offered by the company. The manufacturer is not always able to offer too diverse product options, so the breadth of the assortment group is limited to 3–4 positions, when in trade the breadth of the assortment is often hundreds of times higher.

Depth (length) is the number of different versions of a product within a separate product group, having a common basic function, differing in functional characteristics, quality, and a set of added characteristics.

The saturation of the product range is the total number of product units presented for each variant of the individual product of the enterprise.

Rationality is the ability of a set of goods to most fully satisfy the needs of customers.

Harmony is the degree of proximity between products of different product groups in terms of their purpose, distribution and promotion channels. If an enterprise strives to gain a position in one particular area, then it can purposefully achieve greater harmony between different product groups. If he strives to act in several areas at once, then harmony, on the contrary, will be less.

The optimal assortment ensures a significant increase in the efficiency of social production and economical use of labor and material resources. The range of goods can vary to a certain extent, and the choice of one or another type of goods is determined by use value, consumer preference for one or another product.

The assortment structure is characterized by the share of product groups, subgroups, types and varieties of goods in the total turnover.

Based on the location of goods, a distinction is made between industrial and commercial assortments.

Industrial assortment is an assortment of goods produced by a separate industry or a separate industrial enterprise. As a rule, enterprises producing goods produce a narrow range of goods, which allows them to introduce advanced production technology, improve the range of goods produced, and improve their quality. Therefore, the goods they produce require further sorting, taking into account the requirements of trade, whose enterprises concentrate a wide range of goods, which is a combination of products produced by a wide variety of manufacturers. Such sub-sorting, or transformation of the assortment, is carried out mainly at wholesale trade enterprises, through which the bulk of goods of a complex assortment pass. Some food and non-food products are sorted directly in stores and other retail establishments.

The trade assortment is a range of goods to be sold in a retail chain. It includes a range of goods produced by many enterprises and is divided into two product sectors: food and non-food products. Each of the industries is divided into product groups, which include goods that are combined according to a number of characteristics (uniformity of raw materials, consumer purpose, degree of complexity of the assortment).

Depending on the homogeneity of the raw materials and materials from which the goods are made, they are divided into products made of metal, leather, glass, etc.

According to consumer purpose, goods are divided into sports, music, household, clothing, shoes, etc.

An important feature of classification is the special properties of goods. Thus, taking into account the limited timing of sales and the need to create special storage conditions, goods are divided into perishable and non-perishable.

Taking into account the complexity of the assortment, goods of a simple and complex assortment are distinguished. Simple assortment goods include goods consisting of a small number of types or varieties (vegetables, table salt, laundry soap, etc.). Goods that have an internal classification within one type according to various criteria (style, size, etc.) are classified as goods of a complex assortment (shoes, clothing, etc.).

Product groups are divided into product subgroups, which include goods that are homogeneous based on their unity of production origin. For example, the footwear product group is divided into subgroups of leather, textile, felted and rubber shoes; the tableware group consists of subgroups of metal, glass and porcelain-earthware.