Collection of technological maps of wood products. Lesson "drawing up a technological map for making a stool"

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Introduction

1. Product design description

1.1 Product description - coffee table

1.2 Product design, connections, materials

1.3 Technical requirements

1.4 Labeling, packaging, transportation, storage

1.5 Acceptance rules, control methods

1.6 Manufacturer's warranty

2. Calculation of the amount of basic materials

2.1 Calculation of the required number of chipboards

2.2 Glue consumption

2.3 Calculation of waste quantity

3. Development of the technological process for manufacturing the product

3.1 Cutting cards

3.2 Process map

3.3 Process flow diagram

3.4 Part processing modes

3.5 Description of the technological process for manufacturing a product from chipboard

3.6 Description of the technological process for manufacturing solid wood products

Conclusion

List of information sources used

Introduction

In the course project, in accordance with the assignment, it is necessary to develop the design and technological process for manufacturing the product, as well as design a woodworking shop to carry out this process in the volumes specified in the annual program.

The starting materials for the manufacture of the product are chipboard, film material and solid wood, which are very technologically advanced and have found wide application in the modern woodworking industry, mainly for the production of cabinet furniture.

The design of the product is developed in accordance with current standards, which ensures high quality of the product.

The technological process is compiled taking into account the most efficient use of timber. To ensure the process, modern high-performance, mostly automated equipment is used.

The plan of a woodworking workshop is drawn up taking into account the most rational placement of equipment and the least use of space.

1. Product design description

1.1 Product Description- coffee table

Upper horizontal panel (pine lumber, lined with mahogany veneer) Overall dimensions, mm:

length - 750;

width - 500;

thickness - 18.

The shield has a rectangular shape.

The lower horizontal panel (material - chipboard, lined with synthetic veneer). Overall dimensions, mm:

length - 750;

width - 500;

thickness - 18.

It has a rectangular shape.

Vertical partition (material: chipboard, lined with synthetic veneer). Overall dimensions, mm:

length - 500;

width - 314;

thickness - 18.

It has a rectangular shape.

1.2 Product design, connections, materials

The lower horizontal board and partitions consist of a base made of chipboard and facing of the faces and edges with synthetic veneer.

The shield has 10 holes for installing partitions and coffee table legs.

Chipboard is used as the main material (GOST 10632 - 89).

The humidity of parts made of wood and wood materials should be 10%.

The board is covered with synthetic veneer, according to TU 13-160-79 and TU 13-617-81.

The upper horizontal shield consists of 9 longitudinal bars (pine lumber GOST 8684-86), connected to a smooth reveal. Bar dimensions, mm:

length - 750;

width - 60;

thickness - 18.

The humidity of parts made of wood and wood materials should be 8-12%.

The board is covered with natural mahogany veneer, according to TU 13-160-79 and TU 13-617-81.

There are 6 holes for corner ties on the bottom surface of the table top.

1.3 Technical requirements

wood production equipment woodworking

The product must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 16371-84 "Domestic furniture. General technical conditions".

Facing materials must be selected according to type, species, color, texture. On the lined surface, divergences and overlaps of the cladding strips, peeling of the cladding and stains of leaked glue are not allowed. Products must be manufactured with maximum deviations for dimensions of quality 13 in accordance with GOST 6449.1-82 "Products made of wood and wood materials. Tolerances and fits." The warpage of panel parts per 1 m length should not exceed 1.5 mm.

1.4 Labeling, packaging, transportation, storage

Each part must be numbered according to the specification. Markings must be located on surfaces that are not visible during normal use.

The parts in the package must be padded and with their front surfaces facing the inside of the package. The package is packed in wrapping paper and tied with cord or twine. The package must have a marking indicating: the name of the manufacturer, its location, product name, state registration index, article number, standard designation, release date, quality control stamp.

Within a populated area, it is allowed to transport products by open transport, in packaging or without packaging, provided that it is protected from damage, contamination and precipitation. During intercity transportation, products must be packaged in wrapping paper, corrugated cardboard, film or other materials that ensure the safety of the products.

Products should be stored in indoor heated rooms at a temperature not lower than 10 ° C and a relative humidity of 45-70%.

1.5 Acceptance rules, control methods

External inspection of the product is carried out without the use of magnifying devices. Product dimensions are checked with universal measuring instruments with a division value of 1 mm, templates, and limit gauges. Overall dimensions of finished products are measured with an accuracy of 1 mm.

1.6 Manufacturer's warranty

The manufacturer must guarantee compliance of products with the requirements of GOST 16371-84 "Domestic furniture. General technical conditions" subject to the conditions of transportation, storage and operation.

The warranty period is 24 months. The warranty period for retail sales through a distribution network is calculated from the date of sale of the product, for off-market distribution - from the day of receipt by the consumer.

2. Rquantity calculationbasic materials

The cost rate is the maximum allowable planned amount of material for the production of a unit of product of established quality, taking into account the planned organizational and technical conditions of production. It is the basis for determining the planned production requirements for materials during the annual planning of production at the enterprise.

The consumption standards for the production of a unit of production take into account useful consumption, as well as losses of materials.

The useful yield takes into account the amount of materials that are materially included in the composition of the annual product or are spent directly on carrying out the corresponding technological processes.

The yield of finishing blanks is the ratio of the volume of parts in overall finishing dimensions to the volume of wood materials consumed; technological losses and yield during cutting are taken into account here.

Net yield is the ratio of the volume of parts in a product to the volume of materials consumed.

The value of useful output is measured as a percentage. Let's look at the timber calculation sheet.

2 .1 Calculation of the required number of chipboards

Calculation of slab materials is carried out in m2. The blanks are cut from slabs of standard sizes. The calculation begins by setting the dimensions of the part in the net in columns No. 8,9,10. In column No. 11 enter the volume of identical parts in purity Vd, m 2 per product, taking into account their quantity.

Vd=DD*Shd*n/106,

where DD is the length of the part, mm;

Шд - part width, mm;

n - number of parts in the product,

In this case

Vd=750*500*1/106=0.375 m2.

In columns No. 12 and 13 we enter allowances for machining blanks of parts made from particle boards. Set allowances for length and width.

L=?from+4*(n-1)= 14 mm;

W=?ot+?Imo+?IImo+?shl+4*(a-1)=12mm

where? from - allowance for trimming;

n is the multiplicity of the workpiece along its length;

From - allowance for trimming;

Imo - allowance for primary machine processing;

IImo - allowance for secondary machining;

Shl - allowance for grinding.

Thickness allowances for chipboard are not assigned (column No. 14). We enter the resulting dimensions of the workpieces in mm in columns No. 15,16,17.

Volume of blanks for the product (column No. 18):

Vz=Dz*Shz*n/106=764*512*1/106=0.392 m2,

where Dz is the length of the workpiece, mm;

Шз - workpiece width, mm;

The volume of procurement for the program is 1430 products (column No. 19):

Vp=0.392*1430=559.4 m2.

Column No. 20 indicates the necessary increase in the number of manufactured workpieces, required taking into account the rejection of part of the workpieces during the production process (the amount of technological waste of workpieces).

The percentage of technological waste and losses Ртп=2%, and the coefficient taking into account technological waste: kтп=1.02

Column No. 21 indicates the volume of procurement for the program, taking into account technological losses:

Vtp = Vp * ktp =527.67*1.02=538.2234 m 2

Column No. 22 records the percentage of workpiece yield from the starting material.

K=U Szag/Spl*100, %=6.497/6.698*100%=97%,

Spl - slab area, m2.

Volume of raw materials for the program (column No. 23):

Vc= Vtp*µ=570.6*1.087=620.24 m2,

where µ is a coefficient that takes into account the useful yield of workpieces.

In column No. 24 we determine the percentage of net product yield:

C= Vd*A*/ Vс 100%=0.375*1430/620.24*100%=86.46%,

where A is the annual program, pcs.

Calculation of the required amount of lumber, film material for facing layers and edging roll material for facing edges is carried out in a similar way. We just note the following:

The dimensions of blanks for cladding are assigned in relation to the dimensions of chipboard blanks;

The consumption of edge material is calculated in linear meters;

The dimensions of the edge material blanks for longitudinal edges are assigned in relation to the dimensions of chipboard blanks, for transverse edges - in relation to the width of the part.

The timber calculation sheet is attached.

Based on the results of the above calculations, a specification of the necessary wood and cladding materials is drawn up (Appendix). In enterprises, specifications serve as requests for materials from suppliers.

2 .2 Glue consumption

To cover the faces of panel parts, urea glue based on KF-Zh(M) resins is used:

consumption - 0.230 kg/m 2.

To cover the edges use hot melt adhesive "Krus":

consumption - 0.385 kg/m 2.

Partition:

On the surface:

mpr=S*N*A=0.157*0.230*1430*6=310 kg;

on the edges:

mpr=0.072*0.385*1430*6=238 kg,

where S is the area of veneered parts per product, m2;

N - glue consumption, kg/m2.

Lower shield:

We calculate the required amount of glue for the program.

On the surface:

mpr=S*N*A=0.375*0.230*1430=124 kg;

on the edges:

mpr=0.072*0.385*1430=40 kg.

2.3 Calculation of waste quantity

The beneficial use of wood materials in wood products remains low in many cases, but can be improved by recycling some of the waste into small parts, panels, etc.

The amount of waste depends on the quality of the raw materials supplied and the type and size of the products manufactured.

The amount of waste is determined by processing stages based on the total consumption data of individual types of materials, and is calculated for each type of material in cubic meters.

Amount of waste when cutting:

Vrask = УVc - УVzag,

where Vc is the volume of raw materials, m 3;

Vzag - volume of blanks for the program, taking into account technological losses, m 3.

The number of technological losses in the process of processing parts and workpieces during processing:

Vtp = УVzag-Vз,

where Vз is the volume of blanks for the program without taking into account technological losses, m 3.

Amount of waste due to removal of allowances when processing workpieces:

Vmo=UVz-Vdet*A,

where UVdet is the volume of parts per product, m 3 ; A - annual program.

Amount of waste in the form of trimmings, sawdust and dust

Vп=(0.02...0.05)*УVc

To determine waste, it is necessary to convert square meters (for chipboard and film material) and linear meters (for MKR) into cubic meters, for which the volume of raw materials and waste for chipboard is multiplied by 0.016, for film material - by 0.0008, for MKR - by 0.00045.

In production there is irrecoverable waste or losses, which amount to 3...5% of the volume of raw materials - losses of shavings, sawdust, dust, so the total amount of waste will be less than calculated.

The resulting waste can be business waste, that is, returned to production as secondary raw materials, and fuel waste.

For the manufacture of small parts, about 70% of the scraps from waste after rejecting blanks and parts and about 20% of the scraps obtained during cutting can be used. Scraps of 250 mm in size and above can be glued along their length onto a toothed tenon, which increases the yield of basic workpieces by 8...12%. About 80% of chips can be used to make chipboard. The amount of fuel waste is determined as the difference between the volume of all waste and the amount of business waste. Based on the calculations described above, a balance of processed materials is drawn up

A table for calculating waste by type, distribution of waste by type and balance of recyclable materials in the application.

3. Developmenttechnological processproduct manufacturing

When developing technological processes, the following technical documentation is used as a source: production program; working drawings of products, specifications, technical descriptions; technical specifications or standards for products, materials, tools, instrumentation and instruments; standards for tolerances and fits, for roughness, for allowances for processing and drying, etc.

3.1 Cutting cards

Chipboard cutting is carried out according to pre-developed cutting cards. The cutting map is a sketch of the cutting plan.

Cutting maps are drawn up taking into account the following factors:

Maximum output;

Complete sets of parts of different sizes in accordance with the program;

Minimum number of standard sizes of parts when cutting one slab;

Minimal repetition of the same parts in different cutting charts.

The useful yield of workpieces made from board and sheet materials is calculated as the ratio of the sum of all areas of the workpieces to the area of the slab:

K=U Szag/Spl*100, %=5.6567/6.6987*100%=97%,

where Y Szag is the sum of the areas of blanks cut from the slab, m 2 ;

Spl - slab area, m2.

For cutting, slabs of standard sizes are taken (in this case 3660*1830*16) in accordance with GOST. The width of the cuts is 4 mm. Cutting charts are drawn up in accordance with the program, taking into account the specifications of the workpieces and the required quantity.

3.2 Process map

A technological map is an important production document that determines the composition, sequence and modes of operations for processing each part, the qualifications of the worker and the terms of payment for his labor.

The upper part of the map contains basic information about this part, which may be required when assigning operations and selecting processing modes. A list of operations is entered vertically into the map in the sequence in which the product or its element is processed, and the equipment and tools that should be used for each operation are indicated.

Let's consider drawing up a technological process map for a product made of chipboard.

Operation #1: Reveal the basics.

The process begins with cutting a chipboard sheet on a format-edging multi-rip machine TsTMF.

In columns No. 5,6,7 we enter the dimensions of the workpiece during processing in mm:

length - 514; length - 764;

width - 316; width - 512;

thickness - 18; thickness - 18.

Since 8 slabs are cut simultaneously on the machine, in column No. 8 the number of simultaneously processed parts is 8.

In column No. 9 we determine the production rate in pieces. For the CTMF machine:

P=Tcm*100/(60*Tst)=480*100/(60*0.272)=2941 pcs./cm,

where Tcm is the shift time (480 min);

Tst is the operating time of the machine required for cutting blanks, hours.

The values of Tst are established empirically - in the form of a time standard.

Columns No. 10.11 indicate the categories of main and auxiliary workers.

After the production rate, the time standard for the part is determined - column No. 12 and for the product - column No. 13.

Time limit per part:

Ndet=480/P=480/2941=0.16 min.

When determining the standard time for a product, the time to manufacture a part is multiplied by the number of parts in the product.

Low=Ndet*n=0.16*1=0.16 min,

Low=Ndet*n=0.16*3=0.48 min

where n is the number of parts in the product.

Operation No. 2: Thickness calibration.

After cutting the chipboard, thickness calibration is carried out. This operation is performed on the MKSh calibration line, one part at a time.

P=Tsm*Kd*Km*U/L=480*0.9*0.85*15/0.764=7210 pcs./cm.

P=Tsm*Kd*Km*U/L=480*0.9*0.85*15/0.514=10716 pcs./cm.

where Kd is the coefficient of use of working time;

Km - coefficient of computer time use;

U - feed speed, m/min;

L - length of the workpiece, m;

Lower=Ndet=480/7210=0.06 min.

Nizd=Ndet=480/10716=0.04 min

Operation No. 3: Cutting the film material.

The film material is cut using NG 28 guillotine shears, the material is placed in packs of 50 sheets.

P=Tsm*Kd*Km*n/(tts*z)=480*0.9*0.8*50/(0.15*2)=57600 pcs./cm.

where n is the number of veneer sheets, pcs;

tts - cycle of cutting one side of the package (0.15 min.);

z - number of cuts;

Low=Ndet=480/57600=0.008 min.

Operation No. 4: Layer veneering.

To perform this operation, use the MFP-2 layer veneering line.

P=Tsm*Kd*n*z/tts =480*0.9*2*8/1.5=4608 pcs./cm.

Lower=Ndet=480/4608=0.10 min.

Operation No. 6: Processing around the perimeter and finishing the edges. The operation is performed on the edge banding line MFK-2.

P=Tsm*Kd*Km*U/L=480*0.8*0.85*15/0.764=6409 pcs./cm.

P=Tsm*Kd*Km*U/L=480*0.8*0.85*15/0.514=9526 pcs./cm.

Nizd=Ndet=480/6409=0.10 min.

Nizd=Ndet=480/9526=0.07 min

Operation No. 5: Technological endurance.

Operation No. 9: Drilling holes.

Holes are drilled on a multi-spindle drilling machine SGVP-1A.01

P=Tsm*Kd*Km/tts=480*0.9*0.5/0.2=1080 pcs./cm.

Low=Ndet=480/1080=0.44 min.

3.3 Process flow diagram

The diagram is drawn up on the basis of technological maps and is necessary to link processing routes for the entire set of parts and calculate the required amount of equipment.

Each line of the diagram contains the name of the parts. The names of the operations are the headings of the vertical columns, and the names of the machines are written above them. Opposite the names of the parts along the line at the intersections with the columns where the operations performed with these parts are indicated, circles are placed. A circle indicates that an operation, the name of which is written in this column, is being performed on the part whose name is written in this line.

Circles in the same sequence as the operations performed are connected to each other by straight lines, indicating the sequence of movement of parts from one machine to another to perform the necessary technological operations.

Effective annual operating time of machines

Tef=Tnom-Trem

where Tnom is the nominal annual time fund, h;

Three - equipment downtime due to its overhaul, h.

The nominal annual time fund Tnom, h is determined taking into account a 40-hour working week using the formula:

Tnom=[G-(V+P)]*b*c

where Г is the number of calendar days in a year;

B - the number of Saturdays and Sundays per year;

P - number of holidays per year;

b - number of work shifts per day;

c - duration of the work shift, hours.

The time for a major overhaul of a machine is determined depending on its repair complexity using the formula:

Trem=k*N/Asr,

N - the norm of downtime per repair unit when the team is working - 3 people in two shifts, h, assumed to be 13 hours;

ASR is the average period of overhaul of a machine, assumed to be 5 years.

The complexity of repair and maintenance depends mainly on its design features and overall dimensions.

Inside the circles the time in machine hours for a thousand products is indicated, taking into account the number of parts in the product, which is calculated using the following formula:

N 1000 edition = Lower * 1000/60

After this, the required number of machine hours to complete the annual program is determined. To do this, the time costs obtained during the calculation are added up to determine the time during which a specific machine must operate in order to process all types of workpieces passing through it.

Required number of machine hours for the annual program:

Estimated number of equipment units, pcs.:

If, when using two or more machines, the required number of machine hours exceeds the effective number by no more than 25%, the number of machines may be rounded down.

Machine load percentage:

where n is the installation quantity of equipment, pcs.

The average percentage of equipment load is determined by the formula:

Pav=n1P1+n2P2+...+nnPn/(n1+n2+...nn)

where n1, n2,...,nn - the number of machines of each type;

P 1, P2,..., Pn - percentage of machine load.

The average percentage of equipment utilization should not be more than 70%.

3.4 Part processing modes

Cutting mode

· cutting speed for longitudinal and transverse cutting, m/s - 53

· feed speed of the table and cross slide, m/min:

Working stroke - 12

Idle speed - 25

· feed speed of the longitudinal slide, m/min:

Working stroke - 14

Idling - 21

diameter of saws, mm:

For longitudinal cutting - 400

For cross cutting - 320

· number of teeth of circular saws equipped with hard alloy plates, pcs. - 56-72

· number of teeth of flat circular saws equipped with hard alloy plates, pcs. - 72-120

· feed per tooth, mm for:

Circular saws - 0.06-0.04

Flat circular saws - 0.04-0.02

Thickness calibration mode

· coarse sandpaper No. 60

· feed speed, m/min - 6-24

· compressed air consumption, m 3 /min - 1.15

· consumption of the exhaust network, m 3 /g - 64000

Film material cutting mode

· time of double stroke of the knife traverse, s - 25

· traverse stroke, mm - 180

· speed of movement of the carriage with stops, m/s - 0.1

· time for pressing a package 90 mm high, cutting and lifting the pressure beam, s - 5

· specific clamping pressure on the veneer package, MPa - 0.25

Mode of covering layers with film material

· glue viscosity at t=20±2 єС according to B 3-1, s - 60-80

glue viability at t=20±2є C, s - 10

· glue consumption, g/m 2 - 230

· time from the moment of applying the glue to loading the bags into the press, min, - no more than 10

· time from the start of loading the first package to the establishment of full pressure, min, - no more than 0.5

· temperature of press plates, єС - 150

· specific pressing pressure, kN - 10000

· total cycle time, s - 60-90

· exposure under pressure, s - 25-35

· technological exposure in the lining stop, hours - until cooling, but not less than 2

Edge banding mode

· temperature of the glue tank, єС - 190-195

· temperature on the glue roller, єС - 175-180

· glue consumption rate taking into account losses g/m² - 385

· feed speed, m/min - 8-24

Hole drilling mode

· diameter of drilled holes, mm - 6-30

spindle rotation speed, min - 12850

· feed speed, m/min - 1.5-3.0

· drill angles, degrees

Rear - 8-25

Cutting - 45-60

3.5 Description of the technological process of manufacturing a product from chipboard

Chipboard slabs are delivered to the workshop on a roller table along a rail track. Then they are transferred to an underwater roller table and sent for cutting on a format-edging multi-saw machine TsTMF. The resulting workpieces are calibrated by thickness on the MKSh line. Next, the layers are veneered on the MFP-2 line, where the film material, cut on NG-28 guillotine shears, is delivered on a roller table. After lining, a technological holding is carried out, then the workpieces are supplied to the MFK-2 line, where the edges are veneered. Technological conditioning is carried out, then the necessary holes are made on SGVP-1A.01 drilling machines, and the finished products are removed from the workshop on a roller table.

3.6 Description of the technological process for manufacturing solid wood products

The boards are delivered to the workshop along a rail track, transferred to a traverse trolley and fed to a TsPA-40 circular saw for cross cutting. The resulting blanks of tabletop bars are cut to width on a circular saw TsDK 5-2, then base surfaces are created on a jointing machine SFA-6 and the blanks are sent for gluing onto a smooth fugue into the VK-2 conveyor wedge. All movements of workpieces around the workshop are carried out on special wheeled trolleys, moved manually. The resulting panels undergo technological conditioning and are sent to a double-sided thickness planer S 2P 8-2 to remove thickness overhangs. Then, on a universal machine Ts 6-2IT, they are sawed to size. The groove for the rail is milled on the FSA milling machine.

The rail is also cut to length on a TsPA-40, and longitudinal cutting is carried out on an FS-1 milling machine using a disk cutter. Afterwards, the workpiece is milled along the section on a four-sided longitudinal milling machine C 10-2.

The shield and the rail enter the TsU-7 hydraulic clamp for gluing. After technological curing, the glued workpiece is processed on an edge grinding machine ShlNSV. Then the necessary holes are made on the SGVP-1A.01 drilling machine, and the workpiece is sent to a specially fenced grinding area. There, the faces and edges are processed on ShLPS-7 belt grinding machines, and the finished products are removed from the workshop.

Next, the layers are veneered on the MFP-2 line, where mahogany veneer, cut on NG-28 guillotine shears, is delivered on a roller table. After lining, a technological holding is carried out, then the workpieces are supplied to the MFK-2 line, where the edges are veneered. Technological conditioning is carried out, then the necessary holes are made on SGVP-1A.01 drilling machines, and the finished products are removed from the workshop on a roller table.

Conclusion

In the course of working on this course project, technological processes and schemes for manufacturing products from chipboard and solid wood were developed, the required amount of materials to complete the annual program was determined, the balance of materials used was calculated, and plans were drawn up for the placement of equipment in woodworking shops.

Listsources of information used

1. N.A. Kosheleva, S.V. Gagarin "Drafting a technical description of a product", Ekaterinburg, 1995.

2. N.A. Kosheleva, S.V. Gagarina, "Calculation of the consumption of basic and auxiliary materials in the production of wood products", Ekaterinburg, 2005.

3. Yu.I. Vetoshkin, L.S. Glukhikh, N.A. Kosheleva, "Development of design and technological processes for manufacturing wood products", Ekaterinburg, 1994.

4. A.N. Chubinsky, B.A. Ivanov "Technology of wood products. Selection of equipment and organization of workplaces", Leningrad, 1984.

5. Furniture Maker's Handbook /ed. Bukhtiyarova V.N./ part 1, part 2, M., "Forest industry", 1985

6. GOST 6449 1-82-GOST 6449.5-82. Products made of wood and wood materials. Tolerances and landings.

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...

Routing.
Making the top bar (product “pencil case”, see Fig. 6, d)

Table 3

Routing.
Making a pin product

When drawing up a technological map, you should not assign large allowances for processing the workpiece. This leads to unnecessary consumption of wood, and it must be used sparingly.

Practical work No. 6

Development of a technological map for the manufacture of wood parts

Review and read the teacher-provided drawing of a wood part or a sketch of a part from your creative project.
Develop a production flow chart for this part.
Determine what tools you will need to make this part or part of the project product, write their names in your workbook.

Using a computer, draw up a technological map for manufacturing a part of your design product and fill it out.

New words and concepts

Route map, operational map, technological map.

Testing your knowledge

What is detailing?
What is indicated in the technological map?
What are the stages of the technological process of manufacturing a part from wood?
Remember what kind of specialist is called a technologist.

Lesson outline plan No. 7-8
Class 5
Topic: Sequence of manufacturing wood parts. Routing
Goal: to study with students the main stages of the technological process; teach students to draw up technological maps.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment: Preparing the workplace for the lesson, checking the working condition of the transfer, completing the rack and tool box.
II.Repetition of the covered material.
I. Discussion on the questions: What is the difference between a sketch, technical drawing, drawing
com?
What types of products do you know? What is the scale? - What does it mean to read a drawing? Doing a practical task in pairs.
Read the drawing provided by the teacher, working in pairs. "1|M1-ts, those shortcomings that each of you made in reading |Ts |chgzha, discuss them together, analyze them.
3. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
III. Presentation of program material.
I. Illustrative story.V h i t s l. Before starting to manufacture the product, p|i | You just need to go through a number of stages:
I) select the necessary materials that correspond to the product; ") select suitable tools and technological equipment
oiania;
And depict the product in the form of a technical drawing, sketch, and 1";
I) select a high-quality blank for the future product;
:^) mark the workpiece;
"-) check markup;
/) perform the necessary processing: planing, sawing, etc.; X) clean and perform finishing work on the workpiece.
And the policy may consist of one or more assembly or 15
TsyIf a product consists of several parts, then after manufacturing they must be adjusted to each other, that is, connected to each other - this is an assembly.
If deficiencies are discovered during assembly, you must:
find the reason;
outline ways to eliminate shortcomings;
eliminate them.
2. Familiarization with the technological map.
Teacher. The processing and assembly sequence is described in technological maps.
I suggest you familiarize yourself with a sample of such a map in the table on p. 27 textbooks.
table 2
TECHNOLOGICAL CARD Making a kitchen cutting board

No. Sequence of operation Graphic representation Tools and devices
I 2 3 4
1 Select a blank from a board or plywood with a thickness of 10-12 mm and size - Template, pencil
mark the outline of the product according to the template 2 Cut out the outline of the product - Hacksaw,
Leah carpenter
Workbench
3 Prick the center of the hole with an awl. I 2 3 Prick the center of the hole with an awl. Drill a hole 4 Grind the product, round off sharp edges and grinding corners
Each part of the product is manufactured according to its own technological process, which, in turn, consists of technological operations. The operation is performed at one workplace or on one machine, for example sawing, drilling.
Find and read in the textbook on p. 28 definition of operation.
The operation consists of transitions and parts installations.
How are transitions made? (Transitions are performed at one workplace or machine with one tool.)
3. Detailed analysis by students under the guidance of a teacher of the contents of several technological maps.
IV. Practical work.
Completing tasks:
1. Study the drawing of parts proposed by the teacher.
2.Using the table, develop a technological map
details.
V. Lesson summary. Evaluation of students’ practical work, analysis of mistakes made.
Answers on questions:
What information is contained in the technological map?
Why do you need a technological map?

Attached files

The creation of any product takes place in several stages, and the first of them is the design of the future product.

Don't rush to start making it right away. You can make a mistake, do something wrong, and all the work will have to be redone. No wonder there is a saying: “Measure twice, cut once.”

First you need to make sketches, or outlines, of various options for the future product. Then they analyze in writing the advantages and disadvantages of each option, which allows you to choose the best one.

For the selected product option, technical documentation is developed: a sketch, technical drawing or drawing indicating dimensions.

After preparing the technical documentation, they begin to select high-quality workpieces and mark them. A blank is a material of certain dimensions from which a part will be made (the dimensions of the blank for any part are always larger than the part itself). One or more parts are obtained from the workpiece.

The connection of parts into a product is called assembly.

The transformation of a workpiece into a part or product must strictly comply with the technological process, i.e., a certain sequence of actions.

The technological process of manufacturing a product consists of a number of technological operations. For example, technological operations are sawing out a workpiece on a carpentry bench, drilling holes on a drilling machine, painting the product in a special room, etc.

The sequence of operations for processing a workpiece and making a part from it is recorded in special technological or route maps.

The technological map (Table 6) describes in detail the sequence of technological operations, provides a graphic representation of the workpiece corresponding to each operation, and indicates the tools and devices used.

Table 6
Technological map for making a cutting board

No.	Sequence of operations	Graphic image	Tools and accessories
	Select a blank from a board or plywood with a thickness of 10-12 mm and mark the outline of the product according to the template		Template, pencil, workbench
	Cut the product along the contour		Hacksaw, carpentry workbench
	Prick the center of the hole with an awl. Drill a hole		Awl, drill, brace or drill, workbench
	Clean the product, round sharp edges and corners		Workbench, sanding block

Route maps indicate only the sequence of operations (Table 7).

Table 7
Route map for making a cutting board

Practical work No. 25
Drawing up a simple technological map

Work order

Select one of the product parts in your project.
Carefully study the part to be manufactured or its graphical representation.
Using Table 6, develop a technological map for the manufacture of this part.
Check the correctness of the technological map yourself, and then give it to the teacher for checking.

New concepts

Stages of product creation, design, procurement, part, assembly, technological process, operation, technological map, route map.

Control questions

List the steps involved in making your project wood product.
What is the difference between a workpiece and a part?
Why are technological maps needed?
Why are the dimensions of the workpiece larger than the dimensions of the part?

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