The profession of a designer in the modern world. Design profession

Although there are many types of design, and more and more new ones are being created every year, the number of its main branches is very few. In particular, three main directions can be distinguished: industrial design, graphic and architectural.

Industrial Design

This industry is also called industrial design, object design or industrial design. Among the varieties of this field are: transport design, furniture design, household appliances, etc.

This industry appeared in the 18th century, and its creator is considered to be Josiah Wedgwood, an English artist and master of decorative arts. The active development of industrial design occurred in the second half of the 20th century, that is, during the period when the visual design of products began and the marketing direction began to rapidly develop.

Designers of the industrial sphere set themselves the goal of designing the objects around a person and at the same time giving them the greatest functionality. After all, its success in the market and demand among buyers depends on how much a person needs a product, how aesthetically pleasing it looks and how convenient it is to use.

Graphic design

This industry is considered the most widespread and universal. It is the results of graphic design that people encounter every day. Although this trend officially took shape in 1964, when the First Congress of the International Society of Graphic Design Organizations was held, its origins can be seen in the rock paintings of ancient tribes.

The goal of graphic design is to increase the level of harmony of the environment and improve the effectiveness of communication impact. Graphic design is responsible for creating the individual external characteristics of an object, for the emotional impact on people. There are several varieties of this branch of design. In particular, it includes: print design, web design, mobile design, font design, etc.

Architectural design

The third branch is architectural design, or interior design. It is directly related to the design and harmonization of structures surrounding humans. This branch of design most strongly reflected the influence of various styles (modern, constructivism, minimalism, baroque, high-tech, etc.)

Architectural design contains a great many smaller branches. These include: interior design, industrial environment design, urban environment design, landscape design, color design, interactive design, etc.

Reference

Since ancient times, man has been organizing his home, where the criteria of convenience and safety were in the foreground. The first roots of the word “design” began there. In English it means “creative idea, composition, project.” Back in the 19th century, with the development of industrial production, the need for design and artistic activity arose. A little later, in the 20th century, the first design schools began to appear. Accordingly, specialists appeared who began to be called designers.

Demand for the profession

Quite in demand

Representatives of the profession designer are quite in demand in the labor market. Despite the fact that universities produce a large number of specialists in this field, many companies and many enterprises require qualified Designers.

Useful articles

Description of activity

The activities of a designer are quite diverse and have their own classification. This is the design of landscape, printing, Internet, clothing, interior, dishes or human image. Consequently, no matter how many areas of human activity there are, there are so many design specialists who focus on it. Therefore, the scope of implementation of creative ideas for a designer is unlimited.

Wage

Moscow average:average for St. Petersburg:

Uniqueness of the profession

Quite common

The majority of respondents believe that the profession designer cannot be called rare, in our country it is quite common. For several years now, there has been a demand in the labor market for representatives of the profession designer, despite the fact that many specialists graduate every year.

What education is needed

Secondary vocational education (college, technical school)

To work in a profession designer, it is not necessary to have a higher professional education in the relevant specialty. For this profession, it is enough to have a diploma of secondary vocational education obtained from a college or technical school, or, for example, it is enough to complete special courses.

Job responsibilities

Type of labor

Exclusively mental work

Profession designer refers to professions exclusively mental (creative or intellectual work). In the process of work, the activity of sensory systems, attention, memory, activation of thinking and the emotional sphere is important. Designers They are distinguished by their erudition, curiosity, rationality, and analytical mind.

Features of career growth

If a designer is a master of his craft, then he can easily realize his professional skills in any field of activity, despite the fact that this profession has few career opportunities. Often, moving a specialist up the career ladder only means an increase in wages, primarily due to an increase in the amount of work performed. Which is also, in general, a good positive thing. To achieve professional growth, a specialist can engage in self-education. For this, there are various master classes, as well as specialized literature.

The profession is aimed at optimizing the appearance of the product. Art, technology and marketing are the three components of this field of activity. To successfully implement the goal, a professional looks for high-quality prototypes and analyzes ready-made market samples. Using three-dimensional modeling, he solves the problem of relating the appearance and functionality of an individual product. The specialist calculates how to reduce costs and make the product safe. An industrial designer maximizes efficiency by using graphic programs: 3D Studio Max, SolidWorks, solidThinking, Rhinoceros, Pro/Engineer, 3D CAiD, Solid Edge.

Personal qualities

A harmonious combination of technical and artistic inclinations is optimal for industrial design. Specialization in industrial activities requires a practical mind. In addition, the designer is an esthete with an ideal sense of style. A developed eye and accurate color perception are required. A designer is not an artist, so perseverance, rather than inspiration, plays a more important role in the result.

Where to study for this profession.

Admission to a designer requires the results of the Unified State Examination in Literature, or. Also, the variability of the list increases with Mathematics or a Foreign Language. It is mandatory for the applicant to undergo a creative test consisting of two parts: Drawing and Composition. To submit documents, you should select the “Industrial Design” profile.

In the first two years, the student is taught basic Drawing, Painting, and Composition. With the help of non-trivial tasks, the teacher teaches the student to think original and see things from a different angle. At the same time, students receive training in using professional software. In the final years of the bachelor's degree, all special subjects will be studied in more depth. However, to master the profession on a full scale, it is advisable to increase the training period to six years.

Examples of universities:

• St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design - SPbGUPTD;

Pros and cons of the profession.

Career. Places of employment.

Industrial designer vacancies are usually posted by production and art workshops and design studios. Employment is also possible at various enterprises in the city. Sometimes designers become freelancers and later found their own agencies. This profession is quite in demand in the freelance services market. For example, on the freelance exchange Pchel.net, dozens of remote work vacancies for industrial designers are added every day. The initial salary level ranges from 20-30 thousand rubles. Specialists with experience can count on an increase in the base rate to 55 thousand rubles.

Related professions.

Web designers are also related specialties.
An industrial designer is a rather rare specialist in Russia. Due to the high demand for the profession, designers from other fields tend to change their specialization. With great desire and a competent approach to business, the process is not so complicated. It is worth studying professional literature and mastering the necessary software.

The main difference between design and what non-professionals understand by it is this: design does not end with appearance. Find out all the features of the profession: where to get training, how and where to get a job, features of the work process, demand in the labor market and much more.

Demand

Payability

Competition

Entry barrier

Prospects

Designer is a serious, complex and endlessly interesting profession.

Designs for the consumer

The main difference between design and what non-professionals understand by it is this: design does not end with appearance. Let's take the appearance of a person: hidden behind it is a complex organism with thoughts and feelings. So, looking at the result of design work, a layman sees only a picture, a designer sees a ton of work behind it.

What does a designer do?

The designer designs. It constructs a world for the user - convenient and attractive. He knows what is designed well and what is designed poorly. Someone needs to decide this. Imagine that this someone looks at the drawings of the spaceship, touches the wiring, sits in chairs, puts on spacesuits, breathes oxygen - and puts his signature: “Checked. Approved. Everything is good, convenient and safe.” This man thinks like a designer. The main task of a professional is to transform into the person to whom the design is addressed and decide what is good for him and what is bad.

Everyone expects from a designer beauty, style, lightness, energy - meaning by this the picture drawn to the consumer on the packaging of the TV. But what does a packaging designer actually do? He makes a tool for storing goods. Essentially, any design item is a tool. If the tool is useless, it means that the design was not even used here. The box for storing goods should be beautiful and attract attention; be convenient for storage in a warehouse, store, home; comfortable to carry; it should have readable and convenient symbols for quick search in the warehouse and in the catalog. Will the packaging be light? Wouldn't it take up a lot of space to be transported in a container from the other side of the world? Is it possible to save money on this? Will it get wet if you carry it in the rain? What is it like to put goods in it, take it out, put it back again? How much material will it take to make it? How expensive, environmentally friendly and technologically advanced is this material? How attractive is he? Maybe it will be an innovative polymer or cardboard, without images and inscriptions? Is it labor-intensive to make packaging from such material? How much time and money will it take? Is this packaging recyclable?

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The designer answers himself a million questions, makes a lot of decisions, and foresees everything. If he thinks only about beauty, he will not make good things - and that is what he does: a designer creates good things. Many things. Every day. He makes a decision: how will people get to work tomorrow? Will the patient be saved? Will Apple sell a billion copies of its new laptop? Will everyone know in the morning that the clocks have been changed? Is it time to modify traffic lights to save dozens of lives at a treacherous intersection? Or maybe your toaster will tell you the news tomorrow and remind you to take an umbrella?

I will repeat myself and am ready to repeat myself a hundred times: design is not art, not a picture, not an appearance. The designer creates a solid structure, a frame. Each subsequent job is a new task, interesting and challenging.

Solving this problem is your responsibility. You can invite an illustrator, photographer, programmer or psychologist to help, or you can do everything yourself. You can make a book cover incredibly attractive or revolutionary in convenience, you can invent a bicycle that costs a dollar or make one in an unexpected shape - but you have to make the cover and you have to make the bike. Which tool you use - the mathematical mind or feelings and taste - is up to you.

Industrial and graphic design

Industrial or industrial design (industrial design) is one of the most interesting areas in the profession. Create a new thing - your own - and release it around the world; making it cheap, durable, economical, environmentally friendly, beautiful and as convenient as possible - these are the tasks of an industrial designer. A car, a vacuum cleaner and even a paper clip, that is, industrial products - this is the life’s work of an industrial designer.

The work of a graphic designer is sometimes more boring, but varied. And in it, unlike industrial design, an animated person can more easily express himself - by following simple technical rules, he will have complete freedom of action. A graphic designer creates a lot of things: packaging, print and online advertising, logos and corporate identities, websites, magazines and books, CD and DVD covers, navigation systems (signposts) and infographics (diagrams and graphs), presentations and advertising brochures , newspapers, even computer game interfaces. What a graphic designer does not do: he does not draw (there are illustrators for this), does not write slogans and press releases (this is the task of a copywriter), does not deal with business plans and sales (this is the prerogative of a manager), does not repair or maintain computers ( system administrators reign here), does not make films (this is done by cameramen and directors), does not program websites (webmakers are responsible for this), does not place advertising (there are advertising managers for this). All these skills are useful and are sometimes applied at the will of the designer, if it is beneficial to him in a particular case. However, they have no right to impose them on him.

A designer does not draw - should a designer even be able to draw? I’ll answer the question with a question: does a doctor need to know anatomy? Design exists in visual categories; the ability to draw is the only way to understand from the inside the processes of creating visual space. We are not talking about high artistic skill: the designer is only partly an artist. Drawing skills are precisely this part. The agility of a self-taught person is not enough here, however, an art school will not help much. A university education or private lessons will provide a much higher quality of drawing, thereby bringing you closer to understanding your future work. The practice of drawing will develop a sense of form, light, color, proportions, composition - and will also instill skills in working with materials and will contribute to the development of artistic taste. The ability to draw is useful to varying degrees in different areas of graphic design; When it comes to industrial and technical, fashion and interior design, illustration, photography, 3D graphics and visualization - the skills of a draftsman are directly required. Design is not drawing, there are art academies for artists, but handicraft skills should not be written off as scrap: the Japanese, Poles, Iranians are all handmade designers and are all held in high esteem. The drawing itself is just a tool among others; You can choose it, or you can not choose it. The main thing is not to put it ahead of the essence of the design task.

Orders and money

A superficial attitude towards the specialty and the Russian “be your own designer”, widespread among customers, drives down prices. Therefore, companies often hire self-taught incompetents who create hundred-dollar “masterpieces.” The same ones we see on signs, in magazines, in packaging, in advertising - everywhere. After all, someone did all this. Someone who considers himself a designer. Low qualifications are not uncommon. To become a designer, it is not enough to just study at a university or just have work experience. You need to work, study at a university, study independently outside of the university (there are plenty of websites and books around) and at the same time love design, and not everyone accomplishes such feats. So this work in Russia is assessed in proportion to the overall level of professionalism - not high.

Despite the fact that pseudo-specialists are content with hundred-dollar orders, and customers with the resulting hundred-dollar work, there are also European-level prices, and they are accepted among real design specialists. Prices in a good studio start, for example, from 1,500 euros per logo. Some work is easier, some is more difficult; corporate identity for a medium-sized company can cost either 10 or 20 thousand euros; a website for several tens of thousands of conventional units will not surprise anyone. The amount of an order from well-known freelance designers can greatly exceed these values. However, it is necessary to realize that this money is not allocated for “beautiful something” or even “nothing”: good design requires a lot of work, both mental and manual, a lot of time and the work of a number of specialists. Professional marketers, copywriters, photographers, illustrators, technical designers, programmers, flashers, technologists, 3D and visualizers, psychologists are involved in serious work... There is no “all in one” here: the designer quickly finds his own narrow specialization and sticks to it; His specialization is why he is valued.

However, there is no such thing as unsuitable work - there is an unprofessional approach to work.

For a professional, every task arouses interest and game excitement, solving a new unusual problem spurs him on, long-term monotonous work trains the will and consolidates skills.

For everyone, of course, there are topics that he will never take on, but I can’t imagine a designer who, as luck would have it, is approached only by religious sects, political parties and pirates (religion, politics, crime - a standard set of taboos for a designer).

The professional environment is ambiguous. Quite often, people in design think more about themselves than about their work - and produce mediocre design, thereby leaving Russia on the outskirts of the world. But not everything is so hopeless. You just have to keep in mind that there will be another obstacle that needs to be overcome; there will be resistance, there will be windmills - and there will be Everest to climb. We are strong and brave. We are young. Finding a large order is a very real task. Serious businessmen-customers well understand the importance of a professional solution to a design problem, since it is the design that directly affects the quality of the product, its demand, the cost-effectiveness of production and transportation, and, in general, profit.

Who is the profession suitable for?

Only a strong and purposeful person will become a designer; a passive and whining person will be overshadowed. Don't believe in cheap education; Don’t think that the ability to draw is everything. There will be a lot of boring disciplines. You also don’t need to assume that they will teach you everything: the professionalism of a designer is, first of all, artistic taste, visual experience, erudition, the ability to think original, soberly and quickly. None of this can be taught - you can only learn it. But the university will provide you with quite fertile soil for independent growth.

Where to study

Design education requires dedication. Design does not tolerate lazy people. Don't confuse design with illustration or photography, with advertising or website creation. Do not choose design if you have not entered another specialty: you will quickly get tired.

A number of universities, not necessarily well-known, offer a high level of design education. It is not difficult to distinguish them. It’s enough to come to exhibitions (they are always in the halls of universities) and ask yourself: is what I see applicable in life? The exhibits are always works made in the spirit of a given educational institution and, from this point of view, considered the best at the university. They apply in life - great. But if you didn’t notice anything other than beauty and shockingness, no matter how much you looked, then this university teaches beauty and shockingness, and not design at all.

As a rule, people who teach design well are people with a modest character, specialists with a narrow profile who, in addition to teaching, have a design practice (I met such people only three times).

Alas, teachers sometimes misunderstand the essence of design, and as a result, in the catalogs “Best Packaging Design” or “Best Industrial Design” we see a lot of work, although nice, but, alas, not best suited for the consumer, and therefore unprofessional. Their accurate diagnosis is a product of the university. Creative, famous, charismatic people harm the design learning process. They don't always know how to teach. Even if he has taste and has his own point of view, the star will consider it beneath his dignity to argue in its favor - and will simply try to impose it on you by constantly evaluating your work. Grades will set the student on the wrong path - and after graduating from a university, the skills acquired there will turn out to be inapplicable, and such a graduate will not be able to work at all.

How training is structured

Preparatory courses begin a year before admission. Even if you don't know how to draw, a year's lessons with a teacher can help you get the hang of it. It is also worth taking preparatory courses at this university in composition. Firstly, they will get used to you, and secondly, often during this period of study time the fundamental course of the so-called propaedeutics is shifted. In general, composition (which will be called propaedeutics, introduction to the specialty, design, engineering, and engineering) is the main subject. It is in these classes that you will receive 60% of all useful information - if you are lucky with the teacher.

After the preparatory courses, you will have to take exams. Traditionally, this is a creative competition (average grade from exams in drawing, painting and composition), Russian (USE) and foreign languages ​​- orally. Exams in creative disciplines go like this: drawing and painting are given a simple set-up and given two days to create a masterpiece, 4 hours per subject. (Other options are 6 hours, the exam is taken in 1 day, etc.) The composition is taken in one day. You cannot take away the work: everything is sealed along with the audience.

In the first two years, interesting subjects and assignments will involve you in your specialty, and the teachers will try to instill in you their taste and dispel the stereotypical thinking that has stagnated in us throughout our entire studies at school. Getting a person to think original is quite a difficult task, and when you are asked to depict hatred or melancholy using only squares of black cardboard that cannot be torn or painted, you really think about the fact that you have been thinking flatly until now. Throughout your training, you will be taught computer technology - you will have to master a completely new set of programs - as well as drawing, painting and, of course, composition.

In the third year, you will begin to study special subjects in more depth. Things will become more interesting and fun: competitions, exhibitions, first work will begin... However, you should not forget that all artistic specialties require a six-year education, and design is no exception. You can limit yourself to a bachelor's degree, but then you will waste four years of your life: it is simply impossible to fit a voluminous program into such a short period of time.

The diploma is defended in the sixth year. The task is to reproduce a large project - for example, to develop a design for a glossy magazine. According to the general opinion of all graduates, only if you start work in advance can you complete everything on time. Start it in the fifth year and you will be rewarded: your classmates will fall behind simply because they started when they were supposed to - in the sixth year - and did not have time to give their projects the final shine.

If you successfully defend your diploma, you will probably receive a recommendation to continue your education at this or other educational institutions - and this will even allow you to study for free. Some universities send you for an internship abroad, others give you a job assignment... However, remember that it is not the diploma, but the acquired knowledge that will work for you, and only willpower and hard work will help you save the world.

A designer is a specialist who deals with design and decoration.

The main goal of a designer’s work is to give expressiveness to the appearance.

The design profession can be divided into the following branches:

• industrial, deals with the design and creation of household appliances and vehicles;
• environmental design, creates an interior, decorates buildings, areas;
• graphic, works on the creation of trademarks and advertising;
• 3D design, creates animations, presentations, layouts using a computer program;
• landscape, specializes in work related to the design of a plot of land, park, garden;
• the design of clothing, shoes and accessories dictates a new style and fashion direction.

The number of directions in the field of design is expanding and increasing every day: puppeteers, color correctors, stained glass artists and others.

History of the designer profession

Design originated in ancient times, when people first began to face the issue of convenience of tools and everyday life.

Modern design is associated with the fact that in the 19th century industrial production began to develop, and then the need for design and artistic activity arose.

The first design school appeared in the 20s of the 20th century, as the need for these specialists increased.

Professional holiday

Designers celebrate their professional holiday in a very fun and creative way. Quite often, various creative and very interesting events are organized on this day, where designers can relax and show off their creations.

Advantages and disadvantages

Working as a designer is quite profitable:

• good profit;
• guaranteed wages;
• its own clientele;
• opportunity to work from home.

But there are also some disadvantages:

• irregular work schedule;
• there is a risk of moral exhaustion and depression.

Sometimes the client’s taste does not at all coincide with the taste of the specialist, and then orders must be fulfilled or even exceeded at the discretion of the client, and not the designer himself.

Who is the profession suitable for?

This profession is a real calling for those who prefer creativity and creativity, for those who have good taste and developed imagination, and are not used to monotonous and boring work.

This area is ideal for those who love to draw, create beauty, have skills in working in the necessary design programs, and dream of creating and enjoying their masterpieces.

Requirements for the profession

Designers are usually required to meet the following requirements:

• presence of artistic taste;
• presence of a portfolio;
• experience working with customers;
• availability of specialized education;
• knowledge of basic specialized computer programs;
• creative approach to everything.

A designer must be able to think imaginatively, use his imagination in a timely manner, be patient, assiduous and have a high efficiency.

Job responsibilities

• perform high-quality artistic and design work according to the client’s order;
• develop technical design projects;
• draw up and approve a sketch;
• create an illustration for the text;
• create a general style for a website, publication or other project.

Responsibilities of a fashion designer:

• develop sample models;
• select an assortment of fabrics and accessories;
• accompany the process of testing samples;
• start production;
• track fashion trends.

Responsibility

The designer's responsibility is to:

• performance or untimely performance of official duties;
• failure to comply with current instructions;
• violation of internal labor regulations.

The specialist is also responsible for labor discipline.

Designer Permissions

The designer has the right to:

• obtaining information that is necessary to complete tasks;
• providing the administration with proposals for improving its work and enterprise;
• making decisions that are within your competence;
• requirement from managers to ensure normal working conditions.

General characteristics of the profession

Who is a designer? A designer is a person with artistic abilities, which he realizes through the creation of beautiful creations.

At the moment there are quite a lot of directions in design.

• Apartment designers work to plan apartment buildings. Interior designers come up with an exclusive image inside the apartment itself.
• A clothing designer creates sketches and collections of clothing. Incredible masterpieces and new trends are created and dictated by these specialists. It is to them that we should be grateful for new clothing models.
• Designers have become quite popular in advertising, because each type of product requires a special approach.
• One of the most popular areas in design is a graphic designer. This is a creative and interesting profession. Computer innovations helped her move to a new level, and the talents of specialist designers and their creativity became the basis for the development of websites, layouts, printed materials, packaging, and other materials in various areas of life.
• The volume of cottage construction is increasing, and, accordingly, the projects of landscape designers are increasing. These specialists are becoming in demand.
• The youngest, but quite rapidly developing branch of design is web design. The number of Internet users is growing rapidly, and their desire to have their own websites and advertise products is also increasing, and this leads to a huge demand for specialists in this field. At the moment, the work of web designers is the most highly paid.

The word design is translated from English as design. It is design that has become the basis for absolutely every branch of design.

The needs of society determine the tasks of designers, and not at all the impulse of creative people. Bringing other people's ideas to life can be very difficult. Therefore, designers need to be patient, friendly and inspired.

When hiring designers, the main criterion is the portfolio. Interviews may even take place in silence. High-quality and creative samples of work are the best indicators.

The ideal way to declare yourself as a worthy designer is to participate in various exhibitions and competitions. This way you can significantly increase your earnings.

Professional skills and abilities

A fashion designer must have the following:

• ability to draw by hand and in graphic editors;
• know the basics of design;
• master the technology of tailoring;
• be an experienced PC user;
• have good command of office equipment.

Very important skills for any designer will be: prompt and effective solution of assigned tasks, diligence, responsibility and communication skills.

Personal qualities of a designer

These specialists must have the following qualities:

• observation;
• creative thinking;
• developed imagination;
• communication skills;
• mobility;
• patience;
• ability to work in a team;
• sense of tact.

A good designer must be able to concentrate on two sides of an object: the outside and the inside: details, essence and functionality.

Design career

The demand for the designer profession was, is and will always be at its best. Its relevance and popularity are also increasing every day.

If a designer constantly improves himself, masters new techniques, attends various trainings and seminars, and gains experience and knowledge, then he is guaranteed a brilliant career.

Also, a specialist’s career growth depends on how branded the products of the company where he works are. After all, if it is recognizable and has a good reputation, then it is much easier for a designer to gain popularity and high income. And soon the opportunity may arise to start working for yourself.

Places of work

There is no shortage of designer vacancies in modern times. They are invited to work:

• light industry enterprises;
• fashion houses;
• salons or studios;
• design studios;
• sewing production;
• experimental workshops.

Talented designers can eventually open their own design studio.

Earnings

How much does a designer earn?

• So, a novice designer gets about 100 dollars in Ukraine.
• A specialist with about a year of experience already receives about $200.
• And designers who have a higher education and more than three years of work experience earn from $400.
• In Russia An experienced specialist earns on average 600 dollars.

A designer's salary is based on the following factors:

• region;
• experience;
• the level of education;
• skills and abilities;
• fame.

If the designer has managed to earn a name and grateful clients, then he can engage in private practice and regulate his own flow of clients and income.

Education required for a designer

To become a professional designer, it is not enough just talent and zeal; you also need to receive a special education.

Today, there are specialized schools and educational institutions where future designers are trained in this craft.

You can also complete design courses, but the most effective thing is to graduate from a higher educational institution.

When choosing an educational institution, you need to remember that there is no universal designer, and there cannot be. Each designer is a professional in a particular direction of art.

New materials, methods of creating images, and various techniques appear and are improved every day. All this requires constant training and self-improvement from a specialist, because he simply must go hand in hand with new trends.

How to become a designer yourself

If the word designer excites you, but you don’t have the opportunity to study in this specialty, then don’t despair. After all, there are ways that will bring you closer to your goal.

To become a graphic designer yourself, you need:

• Learn to see.
• Learn to draw.
• Start learning colors, fonts, grids.
• Go to learning the basics of graphic design.
• Study literature related to your area of ​​design.
• Sign up for master classes, seminars, online design courses.
• Master Photoshop or other graphics programs.
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