The procedure for developing state standards - abstract. The procedure for developing standards in Russia How state standards are developed and applied

Technical committees under Gosstandart of Russia work in accordance with the annual standardization plan. The plan is drawn up on the basis of applications that can be submitted to the Labor Code by enterprises, citizens engaged in self-employed activities, and government bodies. Applications must justify the need to work with the standard. As a result, a complete work order for the year is formed from the proposals received.

The creation of a standard from planning its development to publication is carried out in a certain sequence, which, as a rule, provides for the following stages (GOST R 1.2-92):

Stage 1 - organizing the development of the standard and drawing up technical specifications for the development;
Stage 2 - development of a draft standard (first, subsequent editions if necessary);
Stage 3 - development of the final version of the draft standard and its submission to the State Standard of Russia for adoption of the standard;
4th stage - adoption and state registration (assignment of a number) of the standard;
Stage 5 - publication of the standard.

The state standard, in the process of its application, may be subject to verification, if necessary, changes are made to it, the standard may be revised or cancelled, or completely canceled.

Interested enterprises and organizations receive information about current standards, the introduction of new state standards, and changes to them through the annual and monthly information indexes “State Standards of the Russian Federation,” which they receive by subscription.

The work of the technical committee begins with the collection of applications for the development of a standard. Applicants can be government bodies and organizations, public associations, scientific and technical societies, enterprises, firms, entrepreneurs who send applications to the Labor Code in accordance with the standardization objects assigned to them.

The application must necessarily justify the need to develop a normative document, and it is also possible to attach to it a draft standard already developed by the applicant.

Based on applications, Gosstandart of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) forms an annual plan for state standardization of Russia.

Further work is carried out on the basis of agreements for the development of a standard between the applicant and the relevant TC and includes the following stages: drawing up a technical specification (by the development organization or TC), developing a draft standard, submitting the final version of the project to the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) for adoption, updating the standard , revision and cancellation of the standard.

Let's consider the content of the stages of developing a state standard.

The terms of reference determine: the timing of each stage included in the content of the work as a whole; content and structure of the future standard and a list of requirements for the object of standardization; a list of interested potential consumers of this standard (government bodies, enterprises, firms, etc.). In the future, the draft standard may be sent to the organizations selected for the list for review or, if necessary, for approval; special or additional proposals from the customer of the normative document and other information related to the development procedure, content of the standard, etc. can be highlighted.

The development of a draft standard is preceded by organizational work that must be done by the TC. This is due to the clear placement of tasks into subcommittees and working groups in accordance with the objects of standardization. In addition, at this stage, the TC seeks to more clearly identify the organizations from which it is advisable to receive feedback on the draft standard. To do this, brief information about the regulatory documents being developed is published in a specialized publication of the Gosstandart of the Russian Federation (or Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) so that interested parties can declare their intentions.

The development of the project goes through two stages. First, the first edition is created. The main requirements for the first edition concern the project’s compliance with Russian legislation, international rules and regulations, as well as national standards of foreign countries, provided that these documents are progressive and have a higher scientific and technical level. An important point at this stage is determining the patent purity of the standardization object, which requires appropriate research and proper information support.

The draft in the first edition, compiled by the subcommittee and the working group, must be reviewed by members of the TC either at a special meeting or by correspondence to ensure its compliance with the terms of the agreement for the development of the standard, the requirements of Russian legislation and the provisions of the State Standardization System. After this, the project is sent for feedback to customers of the standard and previously identified interested organizations.

The second stage of development consists of analyzing the feedback received, drawing up the final version of the draft regulatory document and preparing it for adoption. The final edition must be reviewed by members of the TC, state control and supervision bodies for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the standard, and research institutes of Gosstandart (Gosstroy). If at least two thirds of the TC members agree with the final version of the draft, then the document is considered approved and recommended for adoption. The draft standard must be sent to the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation), as well as to the customer of the regulatory document.

The adoption of the standard is carried out by the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation). The acceptance procedure includes a mandatory analysis of the project content for compliance with Russian legislation, metrological rules and regulations, terminological standards, as well as GOST R 1.5-91 "GSS. General requirements for the construction, presentation, design and content of standards." The standard is adopted by consensus, after which a date for its implementation is set. The validity period of the standard is, as a rule, not determined.

All the above functions are performed by the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) in the manner established by it.

The standard should not be a brake on economic development in accordance with the achievements of scientific and technological progress. But since its validity period is not established, constant work of all members of the TC and interested parties is necessary, aimed at timely updating of the regulatory document. According to the State Standards of the Russian Federation, the standard is updated in order to maintain its compliance with the needs of the population, economy and defense capability of the country. The result of the analysis of the current standard may be changes to its content, or revision, or cancellation of the normative document.

In order to obtain information for updating standards, technical committees are constantly working to maintain feedback with enterprises and organizations adopting standards, and also analyze proposals received from TC members to amend existing regulatory documents. If it is necessary to update the standard, the TC develops a draft amendment, a draft revised standard or a proposal to repeal the current regulatory document and submits a proposal to the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation). A change made to a product standard usually concerns more progressive requirements for it. But they should not violate the interchangeability and compatibility of products manufactured according to the updated standard with those produced according to the current one.

A revision of a state standard is essentially the development of a new one to replace the existing one. The need for revision arises if the changes made are associated with a significant adjustment of the main indicators of product quality and affect its compatibility and interchangeability.

Cancellation of a standard can be carried out either with its replacement with a new one or without replacement. The reason, as a rule, is the cessation of production of products (provision of services) that were produced in accordance with this regulatory document, or the adoption of a new standard.

The adoption of final decisions on amendments, revision and cancellation of state standards, as well as the corresponding publication in the Information Index of Standards, are the responsibility of Gosstandart of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation).

The decision to amend, revise or cancel an industry standard is made by the government body that approved this regulatory document. The cancellation of an industry standard is usually associated either with the withdrawal of products from production, or with the introduction of a state standard for the same standardization object with the same or higher requirements and standards.

Updating or canceling an enterprise standard is carried out by decision of the management of the business entity itself that adopted this standard. standardization social economic

The standards of scientific and technical societies and public associations are revised in order to include new results of scientific research or production achievements related to the introduction of inventions and scientific discoveries. The cancellation of this category of normative documents is associated with the obsolescence of the object of standardization.

All business entities that are granted the right to develop, update and cancel standards are required to inform the State Standard of the Russian Federation about the work done and its results.

Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

Department of Science and Technology Policy and Education

Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

"Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University"

Institute of Land Management, Cadastres and Environmental Management

Department of Environmental Management

Essay

on metrology, standardization and certification

The procedure for developing state standards

Completed by: student of group 54-C Kolmakova O.G.

Accepted by: Ph.D. Associate Professor Vinogradova L.I.

Krasnoyarsk 2011

INTRODUCTION 3

1. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING STATE STANDARDS 5

CONCLUSION 11

REFERENCES 13

INTRODUCTION

The legal basis for standardization in the Russian Federation is established by the law “On Standardization”. The provisions of the law are mandatory for implementation by all government agencies managing economic entities, regardless of the form of ownership of public associations. The law defines measures of state protection of the interests of the consumer and the state through requirements, rules and norms introduced into state standards during their development and state control of compliance with the mandatory requirements of standards during their application. The law interprets the essence of standardization in the Russian Federation as activities aimed at determining norms, rules, requirements, characteristics that should ensure the safety of products, works and services, their technical and information compatibility, interchangeability, quality of products (services) in accordance with scientific and technical achievements .

Norms and requirements of standards may also relate to household safety. subjects in emergency situations, to the defense and mobilization capabilities of the country.

Based on the legal norms of the law, the principles and tasks of standardization in the Russian Federation are defined:

1. The feasibility of developing a standard is determined by analyzing its need in social, economic and technical aspects.

2. The priority area of standardization is the safety of the object of standardization for humans and the environment, as well as ensuring compatibility and interchangeability of products.

Work on standardization in the Russian Federation is organized and carried out by a system of bodies and services for standardization, which consists of:

Gosstandart of Russia is the national standardization body of the Russian Federation;

Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification of the Gosstroy of Russia;

divisions of standardization, certification, metrology of federal ministries and departments of the Russian Federation;

technical committees (TC) for standardization, created on a voluntary basis by interested parties (enterprises and organizations);

standardization units (departments, bureaus, groups) created by business entities (enterprises and organizations).

The procedure for the development, adoption, and registration of national standards is established by the standards of the State Standardization System (SSS).

State standards are not subject to copyright. They are developed collectively in accordance with GOST R 1.2-92. The developers of GOST R are the technical committees for standardization under the Gosstandart of Russia, assigned to standardization objects. They include, on a voluntary basis: authorized representatives of all enterprises and organizations interested in developing standards (developers, manufacturers, consumers of products); leading scientists and specialists specializing in certain types of products or technologies; representatives of public organizations.

1. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF STATE STANDARDS

The creation of a standard from planning its development to publication is carried out in a certain sequence, which, as a rule, provides for the following stages (GOST R 1.2-92):

Stage 1 - organizing the development of the standard and drawing up technical specifications for the development;

Stage 2 - development of a draft standard (first, subsequent editions if necessary);

Stage 3 - development of the final version of the draft standard and its submission to the State Standard of Russia for adoption of the standard;

4th stage - adoption and state registration (assignment of a number) of the standard;

Stage 5 - publication of the standard.

The state standard, in the process of its application, may be subject to verification, if necessary, changes are made to it, the standard may be revised or cancelled, or completely canceled.

The application must necessarily justify the need to develop a normative document, and it is also possible to attach to it a draft standard already developed by the applicant.

Based on applications, Gosstandart of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) forms an annual plan for state standardization of Russia.

Let's consider the content of the stages of developing a state standard.

All the above functions are performed by the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) in the manner established by it.

In order to obtain information for updating standards, technical committees are constantly working to maintain feedback with enterprises and organizations adopting standards, and also analyze proposals received from TC members to amend existing regulatory documents. If it is necessary to update the standard, the TC develops a draft amendment, a draft revised standard or a proposal to cancel the current regulatory document and submits a proposal to the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation). A change made to a product standard usually concerns more progressive requirements for it. But they should not violate the interchangeability and compatibility of products manufactured according to the updated standard with those produced according to the current one.

Updating or canceling an enterprise standard is carried out by decision of the management of the business entity itself that adopted this standard.

The standards of scientific and technical societies and public associations are revised in order to include new results of scientific research or production achievements related to the implementation of inventions and scientific discoveries. The cancellation of this category of normative documents is associated with the obsolescence of the object of standardization.

All business entities that are granted the right to develop, update and cancel standards are required to inform the State Standard of the Russian Federation about the work done and its results.

CONCLUSION

So, summing up the above, we can briefly note that the work on developing state standards has the following content:

Organizing the development of standards involves identifying specific performers (working groups), deadlines for completing work, and publishing information about the start of work on the standard in order to have feedback from the project customers.

The working group is developing two documents: a draft standard and an explanatory note to the standard. The construction, presentation, design and content of the GOST R project is carried out in accordance with GOST R 1.5-92. The explanatory note provides the following information: compliance of the draft standard with international and regional standards; information about the patent purity of the standardization object (lack of a similar standard); sources of information taken into account when developing the draft standard; information about the recipients of the draft standard distribution.

The draft standard and explanatory note are submitted to the TC for verification of compliance with current legislation. After this, the TCs transmit the draft standard to interested enterprises and specialists for review.

Taking into account the received comments and suggestions, the TC prepares two documents: the final version of the draft standard and an explanatory note, which is supplemented by a description of the fundamental comments on the draft standard. The final edition, together with an explanatory note, is submitted for consideration to: members of the TC; organizations for state supervision of standards; research organization standardization for publishing editing.

– the issue of adopting the draft standard is resolved by voting by members of the TC and recording the voting results in a protocol.

Accepted GOST R projects are submitted for approval to the State Standard of Russia. When a standard is approved, the date of its entry into force is set.

State registration of approved standards is carried out in the Federal Standards Foundation with the assignment of a registration number in the prescribed manner. The use of GOST R that has not passed state registration is prohibited.

Information on the adoption of the standard is published in the monthly information index “State Standards of the Russian Federation”.

LIST OF REFERENCES USED

Nikiforov, A.D. Metrology, standardization and certification: Textbook / A.D. Nikiforov, T.A. Bakiev. – 2nd ed. - M.: Higher School, 2005. – 422 p.

Industry standards standards enterprises, standards scientific...

State measurement uniformity system (1)
Test >>
... state needs; order carrying out examination of projects of national standards; order publication of notices about development national standard... testing of medical equipment; development state standards, methods and normative...
Standard organizations CJSC Kuril Fisherman
Coursework >> Industry, production
And staying healthy. 1.2. Concepts and order development standards organizations In the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation” ... for federal state needs, coordination of the project of this standard With state customer approved...
Order development strategic plans of the enterprise
Abstract >> Management
Shape, structure and order development internal plan. Process development comprehensive plan socially..., technical industrial financial plan, business plan, standard-plan and a number of others, which... at the level of the entire economy of the country ( state, national), for individual...

State standards are not subject to copyright. They are developed collectively. The developers of GOST R are the technical committees for standardization under the Gosstandart of Russia, assigned to standardization objects. They include on a voluntary basis:

Authorized representatives of all enterprises and organizations interested in the development of standards (developers, manufacturers and consumers of products);

Leading scientists and specialists specializing in certain types of products or technologies;

Representatives of public organizations.

The main stages of development of GOST R are as follows:
Stage I– organization of standard development;
Stage II– development of a draft standard (1st edition);
Stage III- development of a draft standard (final edition);
IV stage- adoption, approval, state registration of the standard.

Stage I: Determining specific performers (working group), deadlines for completing work and publishing information about the start of work on the standard in order to have feedback from the project customers.

Stage II: The working group is developing 2 documents: a draft standard and an explanatory note to the standard. The explanatory note provides the following information: compliance of the draft standard with international and regional standards; information about the patent purity of the standardization object (lack of a similar standard); sources of information taken into account when developing the draft standard; information about the recipients of the draft standard distribution.

The draft standard and explanatory note are submitted to the technical committee to verify compliance with current legislation. After this, the technical committee submits the draft standard for review to interested enterprises and specialists.

Stage III: At this stage, the technical committee, taking into account the received comments and suggestions, prepares 2 documents: the final edition of the draft standard and an explanatory note, which is supplemented by a description of the fundamental comments on the draft standard.

The final version, together with an explanatory note, is submitted for consideration to:

Members of the technical committee;

Organizations for state supervision of standards;

Standardization Research Organization for Publishing Editing.

IV stage: At this stage, the issue of adopting the draft standard is decided by voting by members of the technical committee and recording the voting results in a protocol.

Information on the adoption of the standard is published in the monthly information index “State Standards of the Russian Federation”.

CONTROL QUESTIONS:

1. The procedure for coding regulatory documentation.

2. The main stages of development of regulatory documentation in the Russian Federation.

LECTURE No. 10

BASICS OF CERTIFICATION.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF CERTIFICATION

Product certification– activities to confirm product compliance with established requirements.

Certification is carried out for the purposes of:

· creating conditions for the activities of enterprises, institutions, organizations and entrepreneurs on the single commodity market of Russia, as well as for participation in international economic, scientific and technical cooperation and international trade;

· assistance to consumers in competent choice of products;

· protection of the consumer from the dishonesty of the manufacturer (seller, performer);

· control of product safety for the environment, life, health and property;

· confirmation of product quality indicators declared by the manufacturer.

10.1 Basic concepts used in certification

Certification– a system of measures that certifies through a certificate (certificate of conformity or mark of conformity) that a product or service meets certain standards. Certification is designed to guarantee the consumer that the product has certain, pre-declared properties and qualities. The list of products subject to certification is established by each country on the basis of national laws on product safety and environmental protection.

Mark of conformity- a sign registered in the prescribed manner, which, according to the rules established in this certification system, confirms the compliance of the products marked with it with the established requirements.

Certification system– a set of certification participants who carry out certification according to the rules established in this system. certification systems, depending on the status, can be voluntary And mandatory.

Mandatory certification– when standards become mandatory for use by law. The scope of mandatory standards in most countries is limited to the requirements of environmental protection, safety of people and property, health care, etc. In Russia, certification is required for all food products.

Voluntary certification– carried out at the initiative of legal entities and citizens under the terms of an agreement between the applicant and the certification body. Voluntary certification systems have a number of advantages:

· trust in the quality of products exported to other countries;

· preventing the import into the country of products that do not meet the required level of product quality;

· certification of domestic products reduces the import of similar products;

· certification simplifies the consumer’s choice of products;

· certification protects the manufacturer from competition with suppliers of non-certified products and provides advertising and a sales market;

· certification improves the quality of standards by identifying outdated provisions in them and stimulates the revision of these standards.

Testing laboratory (testing center)– a laboratory (center) that conducts general or individual tests in a specific area of accreditation.

Testing laboratory accreditation- a procedure by which the authorized body officially recognizes the ability of a testing laboratory to perform specific work in the declared area. During accreditation, testing laboratories are checked for compliance with their technical support, personnel qualifications and regulatory support.

Certification body– a body that carries out certification of certain products in accordance with the scope of accreditation and, as a result of the work done, it issues a certificate of conformity, and subsequently carries out inspection control over the certified products.

Inspection control of certified products- verification carried out to determine that the product continues to meet the specified requirements confirmed by certification.

Expert in certification, certification– a person certified to carry out one or more types of work in the field of certification.

CONTROL QUESTIONS:

1. Main goals of certification.

2. List the basic concepts used in certification.

LECTURE No. 11

TYPES OF CERTIFICATES.

CURRENT PRODUCT CERTIFICATION SCHEME

11.1 Types of certificates

The practice of production and commercial activities and the provision of services distinguishes the following types of certificates: certificate of conformity, hygienic certificate, quality certificate, safety certificate, certificate (certificate) of origin of goods, warranty (veterinary) certificate, phytocertificate.

Certificate of conformity– a document issued according to the rules of the certification system, confirming the compliance of products, works, services with the established requirements of regulatory documents.

Hygienic certificate– a document confirming that the products produced and offered for sale are not potentially dangerous to the consumer and do not have an adverse effect on human health when used.

Certificate of Quality– a shipping document certifying the quality of the goods actually delivered.

Certificate of safety– a document certifying the absence of unacceptable risk associated with possible personal harm to the user, i.e. confirms the consumer property of the product, characterizing the degree of human protection from the effects of dangerous and harmful factors that arise when consuming the product.

Veterinary certificate- a sanitary document certifying the non-contamination of imported (exported) livestock, poultry, and their processed products and confirming that they come from areas free from highly infectious diseases.

Certificate of origin– a document issued by the competent authority in the exporter’s country, which responsibly certifies the country of origin of the goods.

Phytocertificate- a sanitary document certifying that imported (exported) plants, fruits and vegetables are not infected with pests and diseases specified in the contract, and come from quarantine-free areas.

11.2 Current certification schemes for goods and services

Table 1

Scheme No.	Tests in accredited testing laboratories and other methods of proving compliance	Production inspection (quality systems)	Inspection control of certified products (production quality systems)

	Type tests	-	-
1a	Type tests		-
	Type tests	-	Testing samples taken from the seller
2a	Type tests	Production status analysis	Testing samples taken from the seller. Production status analysis
	Type tests	-	Testing samples taken from the manufacturer
3a	Type tests	Production status analysis	Testing samples taken from the manufacturer. Production status analysis
	Type tests	-	Testing samples taken from the seller. Testing samples taken from the manufacturer
4a	Type tests	Production status analysis	Testing samples taken from the seller. Testing samples taken from the manufacturer. Production status analysis
	Type tests	Production certification or quality system certification	Control of a certified quality system (production). Testing samples taken from the seller and (or) the manufacturer
		Quality System Certification	Control of a certified quality system
	Batch test	-	-
	Testing each sample	-	-
	Review of the declaration of conformity with the attached documents	-	-

End of table. 1

CONTROL QUESTIONS:

1. List the main types of certificates.

2. Current certification schemes for goods and services.

LECTURE No. 12

FOOD PRODUCTS ACCORDING TO DOCUMENTS OF THE CERTIFICATION SYSTEM OF THE RF

Certification is carried out by the manufacturer through central authorities, certification bodies and testing laboratories that have received the right to carry out certification work.

During certification, product indicators are checked allowing:

Identify products, including checking whether they belong to a classification group, compliance with technical documentation (according to indicators of purpose and others), origin, belonging to a given batch, etc.;

Completely and reliably confirm the compliance of products with the safety requirements for life, health, and the environment established in regulatory documents for these products, as well as other requirements that, on the basis of legislative acts, must be verified during mandatory certification, under normal conditions of use and transportation of these products;

Get information about the organoleptic properties of the product, its chemical composition, etc.

The certification procedure consists of the following stages:

First stage- submission and consideration of an application for certification.

To certify products, the applicant sends an application to an accredited certification body; if there are several, the applicant has the right to send an application to any of them. In the absence of a certification body, the application is sent to the State Standard of Russia.

Second phase- making a decision on the application.

The certification body reviews the application within no more than 3 days and makes a decision on it for long-term storage products. An application for certification of perishable products is considered immediately and the decision on it is communicated to the applicant on the day of application. The solution contains all the basic conditions for certification, including: a certification scheme, a list of necessary technical documents, a list of accredited testing laboratories, a list of bodies that can certify production or quality systems.

Food products can be certified according to one of the existing schemes, except for scheme 1, 6, 8 , namely:

scheme 2: a product certificate can be issued on the basis
positive test results of product samples in accredited testing laboratories during subsequent inspection
control of certified products based on sample testing
taken from the sphere of trade;

diagram 2a: a certificate for a product can be issued if, in addition to Scheme 2 (before issuing the certificate), an analysis of the state of production of the certified product is carried out;

scheme 3: a product certificate can be issued on the basis of positive test results of product samples in accredited testing laboratories during subsequent inspection control of certified products, based on tests of samples taken from the manufacturer’s finished product warehouse;

diagram 3a: a certificate for a product can be issued if, in addition to Scheme 3 (before issuing the certificate), an analysis of the state of production of the certified product is carried out;

scheme 4: a product certificate can be issued on the basis of positive test results of product samples in accredited testing laboratories during subsequent inspection control of certified products based on tests of samples taken from the trade sector and from the warehouse of finished products of the manufacturer;

diagram 4a: a certificate for a product can be issued if, in addition to Scheme 4 (before issuing the certificate), an analysis of the state of production of the certified product is carried out;

scheme 5: a product certificate can be issued if, in addition to the procedure of Scheme 4, certification of production or certification of quality systems is carried out, with the implementation of test control over certified production and the stability of the functioning of quality systems;

scheme 7: A product certificate may be issued for a batch of products based on positive test results of a representative sample from the batch conducted by an accredited testing laboratory. When certified according to the 7th scheme, the certificate must clearly describe the batch for which the certificate is issued (batch number, indicators of its identification, marking or number, production date, etc.).

Third stage- selection, identification of samples and their testing.

The number of samples, the procedure for their selection, the rules of identification and storage are established according to regulatory documents and test methods.

The applicant submits the necessary technical documentation for the samples. Sampling is carried out by a testing laboratory or, on its behalf, by a competent organization with the execution of a sampling report. Samples must be stored during the shelf life of the product. The testing laboratory bears responsibility for the correct selection of samples, their storage, packaging, and transportation, which affect the reliability of the tests.

The certification body may include in the selected batch for certification tests one additional sample of each type of product (except for perishable ones) for storage in the testing laboratory as control samples in order to resolve disagreements and appeals, and check the quality of products pledged for long-term storage. The shelf life of control samples or test samples must correspond to the validity period of the certificate or the shelf life of the product, after which they are returned to the manufacturer.

Fourth stage- determination of the procedure for certification of production or certification of quality systems.

Certification of production is carried out in accordance with the standard methodology (verification program) for the production of homogeneous food products. In the absence of a standard methodology, production certification is carried out in accordance with the working methodology developed by the production certification body.

Information about production certification or quality system is provided in the product certificate.

Fifth stage- analysis of the results obtained and making a decision on the possibility of issuing a certificate of conformity.

The certification body analyzes the following documents: test reports, production assessments, production certification; or quality systems, analyzes of documents on product compliance with ND.

The certification body assesses product compliance with established requirements, issues a certificate and registers it.

The validity period of the certificate issued for a batch of products is established depending on the shelf life of the product or the period for which the production or quality system is certified, but not more than three years.

When changes are made to the composition of a product or its production technology, the applicant notifies the certification body, which decides on the need for new tests or assessment of the state of production.

Sixth stage - issuance of a certificate of conformity and a license to use the mark of conformity.

A certificate of conformity is issued, as a rule, for a specific product name. In justified cases, a certificate may be issued for a separate group of homogeneous products from one manufacturer, including several items.

Products for which a certificate has been issued are marked with the sign
compliance with those accepted in the system. The mark is placed on the product, container, packaging, accompanying technical documentation, and shipping documentation. The rules for applying the mark are established by the certification procedure in the Russian Federation. The following general requirements are met:

· each unit of product is marked with a conformity mark; if it is impossible to mark the product, the primary (consumer) container (packaging) is marked; if it is impossible to mark the primary container, the conformity mark can be applied to labels, tags, etc.;

· if certification was carried out according to schemes 2 or 7, non-returnable containers (packaging) may be marked with a conformity mark, and if this is not possible, in exceptional cases, technical documentation may be marked with the mark.

The marking method is indicated in the certificate of conformity.

Seventh stage - inspection control.

Inspection control over certified products (if provided for by the certification scheme) is carried out by the bodies that carried out the certification of these products with the involvement, if necessary, of other competent organizations.

Inspection control is carried out during the validity period of the certificate and license, but at least once a quarter in the form of periodic and unscheduled inspections, including testing samples and other inspections. The results of the inspection control are documented in an act, which makes a conclusion about the possibility of maintaining the validity of the certificate. Depending on the certification scheme, inspection control may include:

sampling and testing according to a full or partial program” of an accredited laboratory;

· obtaining information about products from key consumers, regulatory authorities, consumer societies;

· obtaining information on how to use the mark of conformity and the like;

· obtaining information from the applicant and checking on site the state of production and (or) the quality system;

· on-site verification of the correct application of the mark of conformity;

· other actions taking into account the specifics of the product and methods of its production.

Based on the results of control, the certification body may suspend or cancel the certificate in the following cases:

· non-compliance of products with the requirements of regulatory documentation;

· changes in regulatory documentation for products or test methods;

· changes in the composition of the product;

· changes in technology and production organization;

· failure to comply with the requirements of technology, control methods, and quality assurance systems, if these changes may cause a change in product quality.

CONTROL QUESTIONS:

1. List the main stages of certification of food products according to the documents of the Russian Federation certification system.

2. Rules for marking certified products with a sign of conformity.

3. Conditions for suspension or cancellation of the certificate of conformity.

LECTURE No. 13

CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE

USING APPLICATION-DECLARATION.

CERTIFICATION OF PRODUCTION AND QUALITY SYSTEMS

13.1 Certification using a declaration statement

A certificate for products under this scheme can be issued on the basis of an application-declaration, in which the applicant guarantees that the product meets all safety requirements and provides documents confirming this, including:

· for domestic products:

results of inspection of the manufacturer by State Supervision Services, information on the absence of complaints from trading organizations and consumers, etc., as well as test reports, sanitary certificates for livestock products, documents from the state plant quarantine service for crop products;

· for imported products:

certificates of safety for human health issued by competent organizations of the country of origin, manufacturer quality certificates and test reports, certificates of origin and the like, veterinary certificates for livestock products, phytocertificates for crop products.

Certification according to the application-declaration is carried out in the following order:

1. Drawing up an application-declaration.

The first step from which certification begins is submitting a declaration-application to the certification body. The experts of the certification body, having examined the declaration-application, prepare a decision on it. The application must indicate the number of technical conditions (TS), which in Russia are a document for the delivery of products. For imported products, the delivery document is a contract.

2. Sampling.

The selection of samples should be such as to ensure random sampling. It is carried out by a commission, which must include a representative of the certification body.

3. Selecting a testing laboratory.

The laboratory must be accredited and the declared products must be within the scope of its accreditation.

4. Determination of the number of samples for testing.

The number of samples is determined from regulatory documentation depending on the size of the batch. Testing is carried out according to the list of indicators specified in GOST R and according to the methods defined by GOST for testing methods.

5. Payment for certification work.

Payment is made by the applicant regardless of the results obtained. When carrying out certification, the applicant pays for: the work of the certification body; product testing; inspection control of certified products; the right to use the certificate and mark of conformity.

At carrying out inspection control subject to payment: work of experts;

sampling costs; control tests; travel expenses.

The development of state standards of the Republic of Belarus can be carried out by technical committees (TC) for standardization, enterprises and organizations in accordance with the tasks of the state standardization plan of Belarus, agreements for the development of standards, or on their own initiative.

The work of the TC begins with the collection of applications for the development of a standard. Applicants (government bodies and organizations, public associations, scientific and technical societies, enterprises, firms, entrepreneurs) send applications for the development of standards to the Labor Code in accordance with the standardization objects assigned to them. The application must necessarily justify the need to develop a normative document; it is also possible to attach to it a draft standard already developed by the applicant; the design and construction of the standard is carried out in accordance with TKP 1.5–2004.

General requirements for State standards are shown in Figure 6.2.

Based on requests, the State Standard of Belarus forms an annual plan for state standardization. Further work is carried out on the basis of agreements for the development of a standard between the applicant and the relevant TC and includes the following stages:

– preparation for development;

- project development;

- statement;

– state registration.

Work performed at the preparation stage for the development of a state standard includes:

– concluding an agreement with the customer for the development of a state standard;

– identification, if necessary, of co-executors for the development of a state standard;

– development of a draft technical specification;

on the progressive standards of other countries

Rice. 6.2. Requirements for state standards

– preparation and publication of a notice of the start of project development.

The technical specifications define:

– deadlines for completing each stage included in the content of the work as a whole;

– a list of interested potential consumers of the standard (government bodies, enterprises, firms, etc.) with whom the standard should be agreed upon and to whom the draft of the future standard should be sent;

– goals and objectives of the standard being developed, relationship with other standardization documents;

- information sources.

The draft standard will subsequently be sent to the organizations selected for the list for review or (if necessary) for approval. Special or additional proposals from the customer of the normative document and other information related to the development procedure, content of the standard, etc. may be highlighted.

The development of a draft standard is preceded by organizational work that must be done by the TC. This is due to the clear definition of tasks in subcommittees and working groups in accordance with the objects of standardization. In addition, at this stage, the TC seeks to more clearly identify the organizations from which it is advisable to receive feedback on the draft standard. For this purpose, brief information about the regulatory documents being developed is published in a specialized publication of the State Standard of Belarus so that interested parties can declare their intentions. It should also be noted that standards are not subject to copyright, and therefore all copyrights are transferred to the state.

The project development goes through two stages. First, the first edition is created. The main requirements for it relate to the project’s compliance with the legislation of the republic, international rules and regulations, as well as national standards of foreign countries, subject to the progressiveness and higher scientific and technical level of these documents. An important point at this stage is determining the patent purity of the standardization object, which requires appropriate research and proper information support. The project in the first edition must be reviewed by members of the TC either at a special meeting or by correspondence to ensure its compliance with the terms of the agreement for the development of the standard, the requirements of Belarusian legislation and the provisions of the state standardization system. At this stage, an explanatory note to the standard is also being developed, which reflects the following questions:

– reasons for developing the standard, goals and objectives;

– characteristics of the standardization object;

– the expected date for the introduction of the standard and the measures necessary for this (revision or cancellation of other standards, etc.).

The second stage of development consists of analyzing the feedback received, drawing up the final version of the draft regulatory document and preparing it for adoption, having previously undergone regulatory control, metrological and legal examination.

The draft standard must be sent to Gosstandart and the customer. Approval is carried out by Gosstandart.

To approve the standard, it is sent to Gosstandart set the following documents:

– final edition of the draft state standard;

– updated explanatory note to the final version of the project;

– summary of reviews on the project;

– originals of comments and suggestions;

– minutes of the conciliation meeting (if available);

– a copy of the original and a copy of the translation of an international or regional standard when developing an identical or modified standard;

– conclusion based on the results of checking the draft state standard;

– original technical specification for the development of a state standard.

The acceptance procedure includes a mandatory analysis of the project content for compliance with legislation, metrological rules and regulations, and terminological standards. The standard is adopted by consensus, after which a date for its implementation is set. The validity period of the standard is, as a rule, not determined.

Registration of the state standard is carried out by Gosstandart within 15 calendar days from the date of its approval or from the date of receipt by Gosstandart from the Ministry of Construction and Architecture.

State standard case includes kit following documents:

– approved state standard on paper;

– explanatory note to the state standard;

– a copy of the organizational and administrative document of the Ministry of Construction and Architecture on the approval of the state standard.

Gosstandart assigns a designation to the standard, consisting of the STB index, separated from it by a space, a serial registration digital number and four digits of the year of approval of the state standard separated from the number by a dash.

Examples: STB 1248–2000, STB 4.227–2003, STB 6.01.2–2001.

The approved state standard is put into effect after its state registration. The date of entry into force is no earlier than 60 calendar days from the date of official publication of information about its state registration.

Information on the approval of the state standard is published by Gosstandart and the Ministry of Construction and Architecture (in the field of architecture and construction) in official periodicals and posted on official websites on the Internet.

Publication of state standards and prestandards is carried out in the form of official printed publications. The official publication (reissue) of state standards and prestandards is carried out by Gosstandart (Ministry of Architecture) or, on its instructions, organizations authorized by it.

The procedure for publishing state standards and pre-standards, including editorial and publishing processing, is established by Gosstandart (Ministry of Construction and Architecture).

Providing interested parties with published state standards and pre-standards is carried out by the State Standard (Ministry of Architecture) in the manner established by it or, on its instructions, by organizations authorized by it, to which it grants this right.

Checking, revising, changing, re-issuing, canceling the state standard. To ensure compliance of the state standard with the requirements of regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus, technical regulations, the needs of industry, the economy, the population and the state, the level of development of science and technology, taking into account changes that have occurred in the processes of development, production, operation (use), storage, transportation, sales and disposal of products or provision of services, as well as to establish the degree of their compliance with the requirements of international, regional and national standards of other states, they carry out a check of the scientific and technical level (hereinafter referred to as the check of the NTU) of the state standard.

The verification of the technical specifications of the state standard is carried out by the developer or, by decision of Gosstandart, another organization authorized by it. Conducted at least once every five years, based on the results they draw up an inspection report of the national technical specifications of the state standard, in which they provide proposals for the further application of the state standard:

– subject to revision;

- make changes;

– subject to reprint;

– subject to cancellation.

In the act of verification of the national technical specifications of the state standard, if necessary, the deadlines for its revision, amendment or cancellation are established.

Proposals may, if necessary, include a prepared draft change to the state standard .

The act of checking the NTU of the state standard is approved by Gosstandart.

Revision of the state standard, amendments to it, reissue or cancellation can also be carried out by decision of the State Standard (Ministry of Construction and Architecture) without checking the GST on the basis of:

– legislative acts of the Republic of Belarus;

– resolutions, orders of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus;

– reasonable proposals from interested subjects of technical regulation and standardization.

A revision of a state standard is essentially the development of a new one to replace the existing one. Such a need for revision arises if the changes made are associated with a significant adjustment of the main indicators of product quality and affect its compatibility and interchangeability. Cancellation of a standard can be carried out either with its replacement with a new one or without replacement.

In conclusion of this subsection, we will consider the basic requirements established in TCP 1.5-2004 (04100) for the construction of standards.

The standard consists of individual elements. In general, it includes the following elements:

- title page,

– bibliographic data,

– preface,

– introduction,

- Name,

- application area,

- Terms and Definitions,

– designations and abbreviations,

- requirements,

– applications,

– bibliography.

The standard begins with a title page, which shows its designation and name, the STB logo, and the body that approved the standard (Gosstandart or MSA).

On the 2nd page of the title page there are bibliographic data and a preface.

IN bibliographic data include:

– index of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC);

– code according to the Interstate Classifier of Standards (ISS);

– search code (KP);

– degree of compliance (for standards developed on the basis of international, regional and national standards of other countries)

- keywords;

– code according to the National Classifier of Industrial and Agricultural Products - OK RB 007-98 - OKP (for product standards).

The search code is placed according to a certain classification: 01 - process standards, 02 - general technical standards, 03 - product standards, etc.

Keywords must convey the main semantic content of the standard and are used as independent search features.

Previously approved standards indicate either only the KGS code or the KGS and MKS codes.

IN Preface lead information on the organization of work on technical regulation and standardization at the state level and general information about the standard.

Information on the organization of work is provided using the following wording: “The goals, basic principles, provisions for state regulation and management in the field of technical regulation and standardization are established by the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On Technical Regulation and Standardization.”

In general information they give:

– information about the development (by whom it was developed and by whom it was introduced);

– information about approval (organizational and administrative document);

– information about the use of legal acts in the standard (names of legal acts that are implemented through the standard or in pursuance of which the standard was developed);

– information on the relationship between the state standard and technical regulations);

– information on the application of international, regional and national standards of other countries;

– information about the documents to replace which the standard was developed (sign of introduction - instead or for the first time);

– information about the reissue of the standard.

The preface of the prestandard indicates the final date for submitting comments and proposals on the feasibility (inexpediency) of translating the prestandard into a state standard, as well as the address, fax, telephone, e-mail of the developer.

Element "Content" cited if the standard exceeds 24 pages.

To justify the reasons for developing a standard or other information (but not requirements), the element "Introduction".

Name The standard must be concise, accurately characterize the object of standardization and the generalized content of the requirements established by the content, and also provide an unambiguous classification of the standard in accordance with the ISS for inclusion in Catalogs and information indexes of standards.

The name of the standard usually consists of a title and a subtitle. The title of the standard defines the object of standardization, the subtitle - its content. If the standard is part of a system of standards, then a group heading is given before the title, which is the name of the system of standards.

The name of the standard, depending on its content, has the following structure:

– title and subtitle - “Snow loaders. Control methods";

– group heading, heading, subheading - “ESKD. Electrical diagrams. Terms and Definitions";

– group header and header - “SSBT. Terms and Definitions".

The title should begin with a noun that characterizes the object of standardization, and subsequent words should be definitions in order of their significance ( “ELECTRIC FOUNDRY BRIDGE CRANES, HOUSEHOLD REPAIRED TAPE RECORDERS”). Direct word order is also possible in certain cases (if a noun without an adjective is not used or has a different meaning (HEADWEAR, SECURITIES, TOURIST SERVICES).

Application area drawn up in the form of section 1; lead to determine the scope of purpose (distribution) of the standard and, if necessary, clarify the object of technical regulation and standardization; placed on the first page of the standard and formatted as section 1.

This standard applies to... and specifies...

After the list of reference TNLAs, information is provided on how to use them.

The information is provided in the form of a note “When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of technical regulations using the catalog compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information signs published in the current year.

If the reference TNLAs are replaced (changed), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replaced (changed) TNLAs. If the reference TNLAs are canceled without replacement, then the provisions in which a reference is made to them shall apply to the extent that does not affect this reference."

Terms and Definitions– given as an independent section if necessary for an unambiguous and consistent understanding of the text of the standard.

Notations and abbreviations– give, if necessary, the use of symbols and abbreviations in the standard.

The elements “Terms and Definitions” and “Notations and Abbreviations” can be combined.

Requirements standards are drawn up in the form of sections, the composition and content of which are established based on the characteristics of the object of standardization.

Applications- material supplementing the provisions of the standard may be placed in appendices. Applications can be graphic material, tables, calculations, descriptions of equipment and devices, etc. Applications can be required, recommended, or reference.

Bibliography– given if the standard contains references to other documents that are not related to TNLA in the field of technical regulation and standardization.

Depending on the specific content of the standard, it provisions presented in the form of text, tables, graphic material (drawings, diagrams, diagrams) or combinations thereof.

The text of the standard must be concise, precise, not subject to different interpretations, logically consistent, necessary and sufficient for the application of the standard in accordance with its scope. The standard should include only requirements that can be verified by objective methods.

The standard should use the terms, definitions, designations and abbreviations established by the current standards.

When setting out requirements in the text of the standard, the words “shall”, “should”, “necessary”, “required”, “not allowed”, “prohibited”, “only allowed”, “should not”, etc. are used.

When setting out requirements that allow deviations, the words “recommended”, “not recommended”, “advisable”, etc. are used.

The standard does not allow the use of:

– turns of colloquial speech, technicalisms and professionalisms;

– for the same concept, various scientific and technical terms that are similar in meaning (synonyms), as well as foreign words and terms if there are equivalent words and terms in Russian;

– arbitrary word formations;

– abbreviations of words, except those established by spelling rules, relevant standards, and also in this standard.

The text of the standard can be divided into sections, subsections and clauses. Points, if necessary, can be divided into sub-points. When dividing the text of the standard into clauses and subclauses, it is necessary that each clause or subclause contains complete information.

Sections must have headings. Subsections may have headings if necessary. As a rule, paragraphs do not have headings.

Digital material is usually presented in the form of a table. Tables are used for better clarity and ease of comparison of indicators.

Graphic material (drawing, diagram, diagram, etc.) is placed in the text of the standard to establish or illustrate individual characteristics of the object or to better understand the text.

Tables and graphic material must be referenced in the text of the standard.

The standard should use standardized units of physical quantities and their designations.

For example, state standards of general technical conditions (for a group of homogeneous products) or technical conditions (for specific products) are developed for products and services. If it is advisable to standardize individual requirements, standards can be developed that establish classification, basic parameters and dimensions, safety requirements, environmental protection requirements, types, assortment, grades, design, acceptance rules, labeling, packaging, transportation rules, storage rules, operating and repair rules and recycling.

The state standard of general technical conditions usually includes the following sections:

– classification;

– basic parameters and dimensions;

- technical requirements;

- safety requirements;

– requirements for environmental protection (environmental friendliness);

– acceptance rules;

– methods of control (testing), measurements, analysis;

– transportation and storage;

– instructions for use (use, method of preparation, maintenance, disposal, repair);

- manufacturer's warranty.

When characterizing the labeling requirements in TCP 1.5, the requirements of STB 1100-98 "Food products. Information for consumers. General requirements" and STB 1400-2003 "Non-food products. Information for consumers. General requirements" are taken into account.

When characterizing packaging requirements, if we are talking about packaged products, the provisions of STB 8019-2002 "System for ensuring uniformity of measurements of the Republic of Belarus. Packaged goods. General requirements for the quantity of goods" are taken into account and requirements are provided for the quantity of goods in a packaging unit and the average content of a batch of packaged goods. goods.

When establishing acceptance rules, the types of product tests are indicated (acceptance, periodic, standard, qualification, reliability, etc.) For acceptance tests, a batch of products, the type of control (continuous, selective or statistical), a list of controlled indicators, requirements for content of the quality document. When establishing requirements for periodic tests, indicate the frequency of their conduct, the type of control, a list of controlled indicators, and also provide criteria for recognizing control results.

Control methods (tests, determinations, measurements, analysis) are established in a separate section of the standard “OTU” or “TU” or in a separate standard for control methods. Control methods must ensure that products are tested for compliance with all technical requirements established in the standard. Control methods must be objective, accurate and ensure reproducibility of results. In general, for each method, its essence is stated and general safety requirements, conditions for carrying out control, requirements for control means, equipment, materials, reagents, etc., the procedure for preparing for control and conducting control, rules for processing and recording the control result are given. , permissible error of the method.

Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

Department of Science and Technology Policy and Education

Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

"Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University"

Institute of Land Management, Cadastres and Environmental Management

Department of Environmental Management

Essay

on metrology, standardization and certification

The procedure for developing state standards

Completed by: student of group 54-C Kolmakova O.G.

Accepted by: Ph.D. Associate Professor Vinogradova L.I.

Krasnoyarsk 201 1

INTRODUCTION 3

1. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING STATE STANDARDS 5

CONCLUSION 11

REFERENCES 13

INTRODUCTION

Norms and requirements of standards may also relate to household safety. subjects in emergency situations, to the defense and mobilization capabilities of the country.

Based on the legal norms of the law, the principles and tasks of standardization in the Russian Federation are defined:

1. The feasibility of developing a standard is determined by analyzing its need in social, economic and technical aspects.

2. The priority area of standardization is the safety of the object of standardization for humans and the environment, as well as ensuring compatibility and interchangeability of products.

Work on standardization in the Russian Federation is organized and carried out by a system of bodies and services for standardization, which consists of:

Gosstandart of Russia is the national standardization body of the Russian Federation;

Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification of the Gosstroy of Russia;

Divisions of standardization, certification, metrology of federal ministries and departments of the Russian Federation;

Technical committees (TC) for standardization, created on a voluntary basis by interested parties (enterprises and organizations);

Standardization units (departments, bureaus, groups) created by business entities (enterprises and organizations).

The procedure for the development, adoption, and registration of national standards is established by the standards of the State Standardization System (SSS).

1. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF STATE STANDARDS

The creation of a standard from planning its development to publication is carried out in a certain sequence, which, as a rule, provides for the following stages (GOST R 1.2-92):

Stage 1 - organizing the development of the standard and drawing up technical specifications for the development;

Stage 2 - development of a draft standard (first, subsequent editions if necessary);

Stage 3 - development of the final version of the draft standard and its submission to the State Standard of Russia for adoption of the standard;

4th stage - adoption and state registration (assignment of a number) of the standard;

Stage 5 - publication of the standard.

The state standard, in the process of its application, may be subject to verification, if necessary, changes are made to it, the standard may be revised or cancelled, or completely canceled.

The application must necessarily justify the need to develop a normative document, and it is also possible to attach to it a draft standard already developed by the applicant.

Based on applications, Gosstandart of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) forms an annual plan for state standardization of Russia.

Let's consider the content of the stages of developing a state standard.

All the above functions are performed by the State Standard of the Russian Federation (Gosstroy of the Russian Federation) in the manner established by it.

Updating or canceling an enterprise standard is carried out by decision of the management of the business entity itself that adopted this standard.

All business entities that are granted the right to develop, update and cancel standards are required to inform the State Standard of the Russian Federation about the work done and its results.

CONCLUSION

So, summing up the above, we can briefly note that the work on developing state standards has the following content:

– the issue of adopting the draft standard is resolved by voting by members of the TC and recording the voting results in a protocol.

Accepted GOST R projects are submitted for approval to the State Standard of Russia. When a standard is approved, the date of its entry into force is set.

Information on the adoption of the standard is published in the monthly information index “State Standards of the Russian Federation”.

LIST OF REFERENCES USED

1. Nikiforov, A.D. Metrology, standardization and certification: Textbook / A.D. Nikiforov, T.A. Bakiev. – 2nd ed. - M.: Higher School, 2005. – 422 p.

2. Tartovsky, D.F. Metrology, standardization and technical measuring instruments: Textbook / D.F. Tartovsky, A.S. Yastrebov. – 3rd ed. - M.: Higher School, 2001. – 401 p.

The procedure for developing state standards - abstract. The procedure for developing standards in Russia How state standards are developed and applied

State measurement uniformity system (1)

Standard organizations CJSC Kuril Fisherman

Order development strategic plans of the enterprise