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Electronic fund of normative and technical documentation. Fund of normative documents on standardization

In the process of standardization, norms, rules, requirements, characteristics relating to the object of standardization are developed, which are drawn up in the form of a regulatory document.

Let's consider the types of regulatory documents that are recommended by ISO/IEC Guide 2, as well as those adopted in the state standardization system of the Russian Federation. The ISO/IEC Guide recommends: standards, technical specifications, codes of practice, regulations (technical regulations), provisions.

A standard is a normative document, developed by consensus, approved by a recognized body, aimed at achieving the optimal degree of regulation in a certain area. The standard establishes for universal and repeated use general principles, rules, characteristics relating to various types of activities or their results. A standard must be based on the synthesis of scientific research, technical advances and practical experience in order for its use to provide optimal benefit to society.

A preliminary standard is a temporary document that is adopted by a standardization body and communicated to a wide range of potential consumers, as well as those who can apply it. Information obtained during the use of the draft standard and feedback on this document serve as the basis for deciding whether to adopt the standard.

Standards can be international, regional, national, administrative-territorial. They are adopted accordingly by international, regional, national, territorial standardization bodies. All of these categories of standards are intended for a wide range of consumers. Under existing standards, standards are periodically reviewed to ensure that their requirements keep pace with scientific and technological progress, or, in ISO/IEC terminology, standards are “recognized technical rules”. A normative document, including a standard, is considered a recognized technical rule if it is developed in cooperation with interested parties through consultation and consensus.

The above categories of standards are called public standards. Other categories of standards, such as company or industry standards, while not being such, can, however, be used in several countries in accordance with the legal norms existing there.

In the textbook, the standard is considered as one of the types of normative documents. However, in practice, the term “standard” can also be used in relation to a standard, sample or description of a product, process (service). Essentially, this is not a fundamental mistake, although it is more correct to refer the standard to the field of metrology, and use the term “standard” in relation to a normative document.

A technical specification document establishes technical requirements for a product, service, or process. Typically, the specification document should specify the methods or procedures that should be used to verify compliance with the requirements of the specification document in situations where it is necessary.

A set of rules, like the previous normative document, can be an independent standard or an independent document, as well as part of a standard. A set of rules is usually developed for the processes of design, installation of equipment and structures, maintenance or operation of objects, structures, and products. The technical rules contained in the document are advisory in nature.

All of the above regulatory documents are advisory. In contrast, regulations are mandatory.

A regulation is a document that contains mandatory legal norms. The regulation is adopted by the authority, and not by the standardization body, as is the case with other regulatory documents. A type of regulation - technical regulation - contains technical requirements for the object of standardization. They can be presented directly in this document itself or by reference to another normative document (standard, technical specifications document, set of rules). In some cases, a normative document is fully included in the technical regulations. Technical regulations are usually supplemented by methodological documents, usually instructions on methods of monitoring or checking the compliance of a product (service, process) with the requirements of the regulation.

ISO/IEC Guide 2, summarizing international standardization experience, presents the following possible types of standards.

A fundamental standard is a normative document that contains general or guiding provisions for a specific area. Typically used either as a standard or as a guidance document from which other standards can be developed. A terminological standard in which the object of standardization is terms. Such a standard contains a definition (interpretation) of the term, examples of its application, etc.

The test methods standard establishes methods, rules, procedures for various tests and associated activities (for example, sampling or sampling).

A product standard, which contains product requirements that ensure that a product is suitable for its intended purpose, may be complete or incomplete. A complete standard establishes not only the above requirements, but also the rules for sampling, testing, packaging, labeling, storage, etc. An incomplete standard contains part of the requirements for products (only for quality parameters, only for delivery rules, etc.) .

A process standard or a service standard are regulatory documents in which the object of standardization is, respectively, a process (for example, production technology), a service (for example, car service, transport, banking, etc.)

The compatibility standard establishes requirements regarding the compatibility of the product as a whole, as well as its individual parts (parts, assemblies). Such a standard can be developed for the system as a whole, for example an air purification system, an alarm system, etc.

The provisions may be methodological or descriptive.

Methodological provisions are a technique, a way of carrying out a process, a particular operation, etc., with the help of which it is possible to achieve compliance with the requirements of a regulatory document. A normative document containing such a provision can be called a “methodological standard”.

A descriptive provision usually contains a description of the design, design details, composition of raw materials, dimensions of parts and parts of the product (structure). In addition, a normative document may also contain an operational provision that describes the “behavior” of the standardization object during its use (application, operation).

Open value standard. In some situations, this or that standard (or the quantitative value of this or that requirement) is determined by manufacturers (suppliers), in others - by consumers. Therefore, the standard may contain a list of characteristics that are specified in contractual relations

The Russian standardization system, of course, is based on international experience, is close to international rules, norms and standardization practices, but it also has rich domestic experience and its own characteristics, which, however, do not contradict the above. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the types of regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation.

Regulatory documents on standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Standardization”. These include:

State standards of the Russian Federation (GOST R);

international, regional standards applied in accordance with legal norms, as well as rules, norms and recommendations for standardization;

all-Russian classifiers of technical and economic information;

industry standards;

enterprise standards;

standards of scientific, technical, engineering societies and other public associations.

Until now, USSR standards are also in force, if they do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation. In addition to standards, regulatory documents are also PR - rules for standardization, R - recommendations for standardization and TU - technical conditions. A special requirement is placed on regulatory documents for products that, according to Russian legislation, are subject to mandatory certification. They must indicate those requirements for products (services) that are confirmed through certification, as well as control (testing) methods that should be used to establish compliance, labeling rules for such products and types of accompanying documentation.

Let's consider the content of Russian regulatory documents.

State standards are developed for products, works and services, the needs for which are intersectoral in nature. The standards of this category are accepted by the Gosstandart of Russia, and if they relate to the field of construction, architecture, or the building materials industry - by the Gosstroy of Russia.

State standards contain both mandatory and recommendatory requirements for the object of standardization.

The mandatory ones include: safety of the product, service, process for human health, the environment, property, as well as industrial safety and sanitary standards; technical and information compatibility and interchangeability of products; unity of control methods and unity of labeling. Safety requirements are of particular relevance, since product safety is the main aspect of compliance certification. Mandatory requirements must be observed by government authorities and all business entities, regardless of their form of ownership.

The safety requirements in the standards include: electrical safety, fire safety, explosion safety, radiation safety, maximum permissible concentrations of chemicals and pollutants; safety when servicing machines and equipment; requirements for protective equipment and safety measures (fences, vehicle speed limiters, blocking devices, alarm systems, etc.).

Standards for certain types of products may contain such characteristics as hazard class; permissible levels of dangerous and harmful production factors arising during equipment operation; effect of a substance on a person, etc.

Standards indicate all types and norms of permissible danger of a specific product or group of similar products. They are designed to ensure the safety of the standardization object throughout the entire period of its use (service life).

The customer and the contractor are obliged to include in the contract conditions on the compliance of the subject of the contract with the mandatory requirements of state standards.

Other requirements of state standards may be recognized as mandatory in contractual situations or if there is a corresponding indication in the technical documentation of the manufacturer (supplier) of products, as well as the provider of services. Such requirements include the basic consumer (operational) characteristics of products and methods for their control; requirements for packaging, transportation, storage and disposal of the product; rules and regulations related to production design and operation; rules for preparing technical documentation, metrological rules and regulations, etc.

Compliance with mandatory requirements is confirmed by testing according to the rules and procedures of mandatory certification. Compliance of a product (service) with other requirements can be confirmed in accordance with legislative provisions on voluntary certification.

In some cases, if it is appropriate and necessary to ensure a higher level of competitiveness of domestic goods, the standards may establish advanced (preliminary) requirements that are ahead of the capabilities of traditional technologies. This, on the one hand, does not contradict the above provision on preliminary standards, on the other hand, it serves as an incentive for the introduction of new, advanced technological processes at domestic enterprises.

Industry standards are developed in relation to the products of a particular industry. Their requirements must not contradict the mandatory requirements of state standards, as well as the rules and safety standards established for the industry. Such standards are adopted by government authorities (for example, ministries), which are responsible for ensuring that the requirements of industry standards comply with the mandatory requirements of GOST R.

The objects of industry standardization can be: products, processes and services used in the industry; rules concerning the organization of work on industry standardization; standard designs of products for industrial use (tools, fasteners, etc.); rules of metrological support in the industry. The range of applicability of industry standards is limited to enterprises under the jurisdiction of the government agency that adopted the standard. On a voluntary basis, it is possible to use these standards by business entities of other subordination. The degree of mandatory compliance with the requirements of an industry standard is determined by the enterprise that applies it, or by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer. Monitoring the implementation of mandatory requirements is organized by the agency that adopted this standard.

Enterprise standards are developed and adopted by the enterprise itself. The objects of standardization in this case are usually the components of organization and production management, the improvement of which is the main goal of standardization at this level. In addition, standardization at an enterprise may also affect the products produced by this enterprise. Then the objects of the enterprise standard will be the components of the product, technological equipment and tools, and general technological standards for the production process of these products. Enterprise standards may contain requirements for various types of internal services.

The Law of the Russian Federation “On Standardization” recommends the use of standardization at an enterprise for the development of state, international, regional standards by this particular enterprise, as well as for regulating the requirements for raw materials, semi-finished products, etc., purchased from other organizations. This category of standards is mandatory for the enterprise that has adopted this standard. But if an agreement for the development, production, supply of a product or provision of services contains a reference to an enterprise standard, it becomes mandatory for all business entities - participants in such an agreement.

Standards of public associations (scientific and technical societies, engineering societies, etc.). These regulatory documents are developed, as a rule, for fundamentally new types of products, processes or services; advanced testing methods, as well as non-traditional technologies and production management principles. Public associations dealing with these problems pursue the goal of disseminating, through their standards, noteworthy and promising results of world scientific and technical achievements, fundamental and applied research.

For business entities, standards of public associations serve as an important source of information about advanced achievements, and by decision of the enterprise itself, they are adopted on a voluntary basis for the use of individual provisions in the development of enterprise standards.

Both the standards of enterprises and the standards of public associations should not contradict Russian legislation, and if their content concerns the safety aspect, then the draft standards of these standards must be agreed upon with government supervisory authorities. Responsibility for this lies with the economic entities that accepted them,

Standardization rules (SR) and standardization recommendations (R) by their nature correspond to normative documents of methodological content. They may relate to the procedure for approving regulatory documents, submitting information on accepted standards of industries, societies and other organizations to the State Standard of the Russian Federation, creating a standardization service at an enterprise, rules for conducting state control over compliance with mandatory requirements of state standards and many other organizational issues. PR and R are developed, as a rule, by organizations and divisions subordinate to the State Standard of the Russian Federation or the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation. The draft of these documents is discussed with stakeholders, approved and issued by these committees.

Technical conditions (TS) are developed by enterprises and other business entities in cases where it is not practical to create a standard. The object of specifications can be one-time products produced in small batches, as well as works of artistic crafts, etc. The procedure for accepting specifications differs from that described above for other regulatory documents.

In accordance with the Law “On Standardization”, specifications are classified as technical, not regulatory documents. At the same time, it is established that specifications are considered as regulatory documents if they are referenced in contracts or agreements for the supply of products. Then their approval (acceptance) is carried out according to PR 50.1.001-93.

The peculiarity of the procedure for approving specifications is that during the acceptance of new products produced in accordance with their requirements, their final approval occurs with the acceptance committee. But in order to present the technical specifications to the acceptance committee during acceptance, preliminary distribution of the draft technical specifications and supporting documentation to those organizations whose representatives will participate in the acceptance of products is required. The specifications are considered finally agreed upon if the acceptance certificate for the pilot batch (or prototype) is signed. This also resolves the issue of the possibility of producing an industrial batch of products. In cases where an enterprise decides to produce products without an acceptance committee, the specifications must be agreed upon with the customer. Those requirements and norms of the Technical Specifications that are mandatory are not subject to agreement in both versions. In this case, the technical specifications provide a link to the corresponding state standard. The rules for approving technical specifications allow their developer to decide on the issue of approval with the customer, if this document was created on his own initiative.

The technical specifications are accepted by their developer (the head or deputy head of the organization) without specifying the validity period, with the exception of certain cases when the customer (consumer) of the product expresses an interest in this.

Types of standards. The listed regulatory documents, as shown above, are adopted (approved) at different levels of business management. On this basis, categories of Russian standards are distinguished.

As in world practice, in Russia there are several types of standards, which differ in the specifics of the object of standardization: fundamental standards; standards for products (services); work standards (processes); standards for control methods (tests, changes, analysis).

Fundamental standards are developed to promote mutual understanding, technical unity and interconnection of activities in various fields of science, technology and production. This type of regulatory documents establishes such organizational principles and regulations, requirements, rules and norms that are considered as common to these areas and should contribute to the fulfillment of goals common * to both science and production. In general, they ensure their interaction in the development, creation and operation of a product (service) in such a way that the requirements for environmental protection, safety of the product or process for human life, health and property are met; resource saving and other general technical standards provided for by state product standards.

An example of fundamental standards can be GOST R 1.0-92, GOST R 1.2-92, GOST R 1.4-93, GOST R 1.5-92 - regulatory documents on the organization of the State standardization system in Russia.

This example also suggests that another regulatory document can be a set of standards that unites interrelated standards if they have a common goal orientation and establish agreed upon requirements for interrelated standardization objects. Thus, a set of fundamental standards, essentially being a union of interrelated normative documents of a methodological nature, contains provisions aimed at ensuring that the standards applied at different levels of management do not contradict each other and the law, ensure the achievement of a common goal and the fulfillment of mandatory requirements for products, processes, services.

Standards for products (services) establish requirements either for a specific type of product (service) or for groups of homogeneous products (services). In domestic practice, there are two varieties of this type of regulatory documents:

standards of general technical conditions, which contain general requirements for groups of homogeneous products and services;

technical specification standards containing requirements for specific products (services).

It is also allowed to develop standards for individual requirements for groups of homogeneous products (services). For example, classification, test methods, storage and/or transportation rules, etc. Most often, a separate object of standardization is the parameters and standards of safety and environmental protection.

The general technical specifications standard usually includes the following sections: classification, main parameters (dimensions), general requirements for quality parameters, packaging, labeling, safety requirements; environmental protection requirements; product acceptance rules; methods of control, transportation and storage; rules of operation, repair and disposal. The presence of certain sections in the content of the standard depends on the characteristics of the standardization object and the nature of the requirements imposed on it.

The technical specifications standard establishes comprehensive requirements for specific products (including various brands or models of these products), relating to production, consumption, delivery, operation, repair, disposal. The essence of these requirements should not contradict the standard of general technical conditions. But the technical specifications standard contains specific additional requirements related to the object of standardization (indication of the trademark, if it is registered in the prescribed manner; marks of conformity, if the products are certified; special requirements relating to safety and environmental protection). Standards of technical conditions for a service may contain requirements for the range of services provided (accuracy and timeliness of execution, aesthetics, comfort, comprehensiveness of service).

Standards for work (processes) establish requirements for specific types of work that are carried out at different stages of the product life cycle: development, production, operation (consumption), storage, transportation, repair, disposal. In particular, such standards may include requirements for methods of computer-aided product design, modular design, schematic diagrams of the technological process of product manufacturing, technological regimes or standards. A special place is occupied by safety requirements for human life and health when carrying out technological processes, which can be specified in relation to the use of certain equipment, tools, devices and auxiliary materials.

When carrying out technological operations, standardization is subject to maximum permissible norms for various types of impacts of technology on the natural environment. These impacts can be of a chemical (release of harmful chemicals), physical (radiation radiation), biological (infection with microorganisms) and mechanical (destruction of architectural monuments) nature, which is dangerous from an environmental aspect. Environmental requirements may concern the conditions of use of certain materials and raw materials that are potentially harmful to the environment; performance parameters of treatment equipment; rules for emergency releases, liquidation of their consequences, maximum permissible standards for the discharge of pollutants with wastewater.

Standards for control methods (tests, measurements, analysis) recommend the use of control methods that best ensure the objectivity of the assessment of the mandatory product quality requirements contained in the product standard. The main criterion for the objectivity of a control method (testing, measurement, analysis) is reproducibility and comparability of results. It is necessary to use standardized methods of control, testing, measurement and analysis, since they are based on international experience and advanced achievements. Each of the methods has its own specifics, associated primarily with a specific object of control, but at the same time, general provisions that are subject to standardization can be identified: control means and auxiliary devices; the procedure for preparing and conducting control; rules for processing and reporting results; permissible error of the method.

The standard usually recommends several control methods for one product quality indicator. This is necessary so that one of the methods is selected as arbitration, if the need arises. However, we must keep in mind that the methods are not always completely interchangeable. For such cases, the standard provides either a clear recommendation on the conditions for choosing a particular method, or data on their distinctive characteristics.

In order for the results to be reliable and comparable, you should use the recommendations of the standards regarding the method and place of sampling from a batch of goods with its quantitative characteristics, diagrams of testing facilities, rules defining the sequence of operations and processing of the results obtained.

In 1996, a change was made to the fundamental standard GOST R 1.0-92, according to which technical regulations were added to the list of regulatory documents applied in Russia.

Full compliance with international rules in this matter can be achieved when laws appear in Russia that establish mandatory requirements and standards, similar to the Directives in force in the European Union. In the EU, a technical regulation becomes a mandatory document if it is referenced in the relevant Directive.

The difference in the Russian approach to technical regulations can be traced in the very text of the above change: “technical regulations should include legislative acts and decrees of the government of the Russian Federation containing requirements, norms and rules of a technical nature; state standards of the Russian Federation in terms of the mandatory requirements established in them; norms and rules of federal executive authorities, whose competence, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, includes the establishment of mandatory requirements."

Technical regulations contain technical requirements either directly (for example, mandatory requirements of state standards), or by reference to the standard, or by including the content of the standard.

6.1. Standardization and standards. General information

6.1.1. Technical regulations

6.2.Types of regulatory and technical documents in the Russian Federation

6.2.1. Standards Index

6.2.2. General technical systems of standards

6.3. Metrology

6.4. Regulatory and technical documents in the library collection

6.1. Standardization and standards. General information

Standardization is an instrument of state technical policy, an activity to establish rules and characteristics for the purpose of their voluntary repeated use, aimed at achieving orderliness in the areas of production and circulation of products. Standardization is an effective means of economic management, an essential link connecting science, technology and production into a single process. The economy cannot do without standards. There are many examples of this - from the format of writing paper to the names of domains for the Internet.

Standardization goals:

· increasing the level of safety of life or health of citizens, environmental safety, safety of life or health of animals and plants;

· increasing the level of safety of facilities taking into account the risk of natural and man-made emergencies;

· ensuring scientific and technological progress;

· increasing the competitiveness of products, works, services;

· rational use of resources;

· ensuring technical and information compatibility;

· ensuring comparability of research (test) and measurement results, technical and economic-statistical data;

· ensuring product interchangeability.

Standardization principles:

· voluntary application of standards;

· maximum consideration when developing standards of the legitimate interests of interested parties;

· the use of an international standard as the basis for the development of a national standard, except in cases where such application is considered impossible due to a discrepancy between the requirements of international standards and the climatic and geographical characteristics of the Russian Federation;

· inadmissibility of creating obstacles to the production and circulation of products;

· the inadmissibility of establishing standards that contradict technical regulations;

· ensuring conditions for uniform application of standards.

Basic terms used in standardization

International standard – a standard adopted by an international organization.

National standard – standard approved by the national standardization body of the Russian Federation.

Technical regulation – legal regulation of relations in the field of establishing, applying and fulfilling mandatory requirements for products, production processes, operation, storage, transportation, sales and disposal, etc.

Technical regulations– a document that establishes mandatory requirements for application and execution for objects of technical regulation (products), including buildings, structures and structures, processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, sale and disposal. Technical regulations are adopted by laws or regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation.

6.1.1. Technical regulations

Technical regulations are adopted in order to protect the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property, environmental protection, life or health of animals and plants, and prevention of actions that mislead consumers.

Technical regulations, taking into account the degree of risk of harm, establish the necessary requirements to ensure:

· radiation safety;

· biological safety, explosion safety;

· mechanical safety;

· fire safety;

· industrial safety;

· thermal safety;

· chemical safety;

· electrical safety;

· nuclear and radiation safety;

· electromagneticcompatibility in terms of ensuring the safe operation of devices and equipment;

· unity of measurements.

It is planned to develop 181 draft technical regulations in the near future, including technical regulations to ensure nuclear and radiation safety.

Currently in effect

· Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures Federal Law No. 384-FZ of December 30, 2009

· Technical regulations on the safety requirements of blood, its products, blood-substituting solutions and technical means used in transfusion and infusion therapy. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 26, 2010 N 29.

· Technical regulations on the safety of machinery and equipment, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 15, 2009 N 753.

· Technical regulations on the safety of wheeled vehicles, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 10, 2009 No. 720.

· Technical regulations on the safety of products intended for children and adolescents were approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 of April 7, 2009.

· Technical regulations on the requirements for automobile and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet fuel and heating oil, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 118 of February 27, 2008.

· Technical regulations for tobacco products, Federal Law No. 268-FZ of December 22, 2008.

· Technical regulations for juice products from fruits and vegetables, Federal Law No. 178-FZ of October 27, 2008.

· Technical regulations on fire safety requirements, Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008.

· Technical regulations for fat and oil products, Federal Law No. 90-FZ of June 24, 2008.

· Technical regulations for milk and dairy products, Federal Law No. 88-FZ of June 12, 2008.

· Special technical regulations "On the requirements for emissions of harmful (pollutant) substances from automotive equipment put into circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation." Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 12, 2005 No. 609

· Technical regulations on the safety of elevators Approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 2. 2009 N 782. (came into force on October 12, 2010)

· Technical regulations on the safety of low-voltage equipment Federal Law No. 347-FZ of December 27, 2009 (effective from December 27, 2010)

· Technical regulations on safety apparatus operating on gaseous fuel Approved Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 11, 2010 N 65. (comes into force on January 1, 2011)

· Technical Regulations on the safety of equipment for work in explosive environments Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 24, 2010 N 86. (comes into force on March 1, 2011)

· Technical regulations on the safety of maritime transport facilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 12, 2010 N 620. (comes into force on August 12, 2011)

Currently, standardization as a type of activity in Russia is regulated by Federal Law “On technical regulation", adopted in December 2002 and put into effect on July 1, 2003. Issues of state policy in the field of standardization and metrology are under the jurisdiction of the State Standard of Russia, transformed in 2004 into the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology ( Rostekhregulirovanie) Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.

6.2. Types of regulatory and technical documents in the Russian Federation

The following documents are valid on the territory of the Russian Federation:

· national standards;

· standardization rules, norms and recommendations in the field of standardization;

· classifications, all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information.

National standards approved by the National Body of the Russian Federation for Standardization. The developer of a national standard can be any person.

Currently, the collection of national standards consists of more than 20,000 standards, of which about 40% are harmonized with international standards. From the date of entry into force of the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”, state and interstate standards adopted by Gosstandart before July 1, 2003 are recognized as national standards.

Let's consider the designation of the national standard of the Russian Federation. It consists of the GOST R index, registration number and the last two digits of the year of approval separated by a dash. For example: GOST R 50314-92. Since 2000, the year of approval is indicated in four digits. For example: GOST 7.60-2003.

State standards of the former USSR are recognized by the CIS countries as interstate and operating on the territory of the CIS member states, if they do not contradict national legislation. The designation of the interstate standard consists of the GOST index, registration number and a dash separated from it by the last two digits of the year. Since 2000, the interstate standard has also been indicated in four digits. In the designation of standards, both interstate and state of the Russian Federation, included in a set of standards, the first digits with a dot in their registration number determine the set of standards.

Currently, work is underway to harmonize interstate and national standards with international standards. Russia actively cooperates with international standardization organizations - the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), etc. - taking part in the development of international standards and in ensuring their application in the national economy of the country .

The designations of the interstate and national standards of the Russian Federation, designed on the basis of authentic texts of the international standard and not containing additional requirements, consist of the index GOST and GOST R, respectively, and the designation of the corresponding international standard and separated from it by a dash sign of the year of adoption of the interstate and approval of the state standard (until 2000 . – two digits of the year, after 2000 – four). For example, GOST R IEC 536–94. In the case where the standards are drawn up on the basis of the authentic text of the international standard and contain additional requirements, the designation of the applied international standard is given in brackets, for example:

GOST 7.32–91 (ISO 5966–82)GOST R 50314–92 (ISO 7944–84)

In Russia, an “Index of National Standards” is published annually. It contains all regulatory documents in force as of January 1 of the current year. The standards are systematized into sections, groups and subgroups.

Since 2001, all current regulatory documents have been systematized according to the codes of the interstate classifier of standards and the all-Russian classifier of standards.

6.2.1. Standards Index

All-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information – regulatory documents that distribute technical, economic and social information in accordance with its classification (classes, groups, types, etc.) and are mandatory for use when creating state information systems and information resources. The procedure for development, adoption, and enforcement is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The All-Russian Classifier of Standards (OKS) is part of the Unified System of Classification and Coding of Technical, Economic and Social Information (ESCC) of the Russian Federation. Harmonized with the International Classification of Standards (ISS) and the Interstate Classification of Standards. OKS is intended for use in the formation of catalogues, indexes, selective lists, bibliographic materials, as well as to ensure the provision of information and dissemination of these documents on a national, interstate and international scale. The objects of the OKS classification are national standards and other regulatory and technical documents.

The classifier is a hierarchical three-stage classification with a digital alphabet of code for classification groupings of all levels of hierarchical division and has the following structure:

XX section P example :31–Electronics

XXX – group 31.060 – Capacitors

XX – subgroup 31.060.70 – Power capacitors

For OKS users, an alphabetical subject index (ASU) has been developed and included in the classifier as a separate application. The All-Russian Classifier of Standards is maintained by VNIIKI. In accordance with the Law “On Technical Regulation”, the Federal Fund of Technical Regulations and Standards was created on the basis of VNIIKI.

The library also receives an information index of standards (IIS) “National Standards”. This index provides information on approved standards, standards replaced and canceled on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as changes approved to the national standards of the Russian Federation. The classification of the All-Russian Classifier of Standards is used, which is convenient for users.The yearbook includes information about all standards in force as of January 1 of the current year. In recent years, the index has been published in 3 volumes. Volumes 1 and 2 reflect current standards. The description of the standard contains: the designation of the standard, its name, an indication of which document this standard was introduced to replace, and, for GOSTs introduced after January 1, 2005, the degree of compliance with a similar international standard (identical or modified standard). Descriptions of standards are placed in the index according to the All-Russian Classifier of Standards (OKS). Volume 3 contains auxiliary indexes. Here a list of GOSTs is printed strictly in ascending order of digital sequence (but without a name) indicating the code according to OKS and the group according to the Classifier of State Standards (KGS), according to which the standards were systematized before the implementation of OKS. Here, in the “For marks” section, information about changes to GOST is placed in parentheses, indicating the serial number of the change and the year and number of the information system in which the change was published. From this list you can quickly find the name of the GOST you are interested in, and also determine whether it has been changed. In the same volume, among other things, a detailed subject index is printed, which provides the page numbers of the 1st and 2nd volumes of the yearbook, which contain descriptions of GOSTs corresponding to this subject heading. Therefore, for ease of use, volumes 1 and 2 have continuous page numbering.

The monthly information index “National Standards” (NS) promptly registers all changes in the system of national standards. Published since 1940. It publishes new national standards of the Russian Federation and interstate standards introduced as national standards of the Russian Federation; information about replaced and canceled standards; information about changes in standards; notifications about the development of draft new national standards indicating the developer. MIS information when working with standards is important, because current standards must be used in a form that provides for all the latest current changes in them.

6.2.2. General technical systems of standards

In the total volume of national standards, a special place is occupied by sets of standards for general technical systems. The creation of mutually beneficial systems of regulatory documents based on an integrated approach at one time became one of the most important achievements of Soviet and Russian standardization. In Russia there are 15 systems and 10 sets of standards, including the “Unified System of Design Documentation” (USKD), “Unified System of Program Documentation” (USPD), etc.

Studying a block of technical disciplines begins with studying the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation ESKD.

ESKD is a set of national standards that establish uniform interrelated rules and regulations for the development, execution and reference to design documentation. A system of this kind has been developed for the first time in the world. Thanks to the introduction of a unified language of simplified images and methods for their application, the labor costs of designers were significantly reduced. Further development of the system is carried out taking into account ensuring high efficiency of processes of automated design, automated production and management at all levels of the national economy.

In the series of technical disciplines studied, standards for calculations and strength tests, technology issues of various industries and much more are studied, which makes it possible to develop and construct complex modern installations at the stage of diploma design.GOST standardsESKD are available in the library both in traditional and electronic form.

SIBID- System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. GOST 7.32-2001. Research report. Structure and design rules. This standard establishes general requirements for the structure and rules for the preparation of scientific and technical reports. This standard applies to reporting fundamental, search, applied research work in all areas of science and technology, carried out by research organizations, higher educational institutions and other organizations.

Standardization in the field of information technology

The fundamental basis for building an information society and electronic dissemination of information is information and communication technologies. In Russia, work to develop and improve the domestic regulatory framework in the field of information technology is becoming particularly important. There are now over 450 national standards in force in this area, which also provide direct introduction of international standards. Fundamental standards are being developed in the most relevant areas - software engineering, interconnection of open systems, computer support, life cycle support for high-tech products, etc. Software engineering is one of the highest priority areas of standardization for Russia. Its issues are thoroughly and deeply studied at MEPhI. Software for measurement information systems, process control and optimization systems, verification and calibration systems and the use of artificial intelligence in measurement technologies, ensuring the security of the measurement system and its protection from unauthorized access are the main areas of standardization in this area.

6.3. Metrology

An important role in reforming the Russian standardization system is given to metrology, which should ensure the uniformity of measurements, increasing their accuracy and reliability in the process of carrying out scientific research. Regulation of metrological rules for preparing and performing measurements, processing and presenting their results is the main goal of regulatory documents of the State System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements (GSI). Today, the regulatory framework of the SSI consists of more than 2.8 thousand regulatory documents, including national standards, rules, methodological instructions, and policy documents. The main objects of regulation are general, fundamental norms and rules, verification schemes, methods for verifying measuring instruments and methods for performing measurements. The reference base of Russia is a national treasure and determines the level of scientific, technical and cultural development of the country.

The State Survey includes the State Service of Standard Reference Data on physical constants and properties of substances and materials, as well as the most important metrological services: State Service of Time, Frequency and Determination of Earth Rotation Parameters; State Service for Standard Samples of the Composition and Properties of Substances and Materials; State Service of Standard Reference Data on Physical Constants and Properties of Substances and Materials (GSSSD). This service provides reliable data on the properties of newly created and used substances and materials.

In 1993, the Russian Federation Law “On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements” was adopted in Russia. The law serves as the basis for the creation of a new measurement system in our country. Interstate standard of the State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements GOST 8.417–2002. GSI Units of Quantities establishes the units of physical quantities used in the country.

MEPhI employees took part in the work on the creation of GSSSD 131–89 “Neutron activation detectors for reactor measurements of the cross section of reactions of interaction of neutrons with nuclei.”

6.4. Regulatory and technical documents in the library collection

The library collection contains scientific and technical documentation. The scientific and technical documentation fund contains over 5 thousand documents. These are standards, rules, catalogs, reference manuals, indexes of standards, classifiers, periodicals on standardization, metrology, certification, etc. The Center receives the following periodicals:“Quality Management Methods”, “Standards and Quality”: monthly scientific and technical magazines about the experience of implementing quality management standards, about the problems that arise in this case, about ways to overcome them. The magazines publish materials on advanced methods of managing enterprises and organizations. Magazine “Certification”: the magazine covers issues of technical regulation, including confirmation of product compliance with regulatory requirements, development and certification of management systems, work within the framework of the Russian Government Quality Award program, protection domestic consumer market. The magazine is published with the supplement “Management: ISO horizons”, which is devoted to the issues of international standardization of management systems (ISO 9000, ISO 14000, etc.) and the experience of their application. “Control and measuring instruments and systems” - “KIPiS” is a scientific and technical magazine covering the state of affairs in the field of measuring technology, technical regulation and metrology. The pages of the magazine publish information on the inclusion of new devices in the State Register of Measuring Instruments, theoretical developments in the field metrology, recommendations for repair and maintenance of devices, information about conferences and seminars devoted to this issue.

Employees of the scientific literature subscription provide consultations and topical information to students about the availability of current standards required when performing laboratory work, educational and research work, coursework and diploma projects, as well as for scientific research and writing articles. The NTD fund is a systematized array of documents that is adjusted on the basis of official information about cancellations, replacements, changes and additions.

Subjects of normative and technical documentation :

· Terminology, standardization, documentation;

· Mathematics, natural sciences;

· Environmental protection, human protection from environmental influences, safety;

· Metrology, measurements, physical phenomena;

· Tests;

· Mechanical engineering, incl. production automation systems and their integration;

· Energy and nuclear energy;

· Information Technology.

The fund's reference and search apparatus contains:

· numbered catalog – a library catalog in which bibliographic records are arranged in the order of numbers of regulatory documents;

· thematic card index.

A full-text database of GOSTs in force in the Russian Federation (Standard Plus program) is installed in the electronic reading room. The database contains more than 20 thousand full-text documents. The database contains all the full texts of GOSTs in force in the Russian Federation. Scanned regulatory documents are stored in graphical form in PDF format. These full texts of regulatory documents have the status of an electronic copy on computer media. The search is carried out according to the subject of the standard, according to the KGS (classifier of state standards) and OGS (all-Russian classifier of standards). In the Standard Plus program itself, the KGS and OKS codes are not presented. You can find them on the website of FSUE "STANDARTINFORM" www.vniiki.ru. You can first search the website by KGS and OGS codes and topics, and then download the required GOST from the GOST database in the library.

World experience in quality management is concentrated in the package of international standards ISO 9000, adopted by the Interstate Organization for Standardization (ISO) in March 1987; in 2000, ISO adopted a new version of these standards - MS ISO 9000-2000. Today, ISO 9000 series standards are recognized by almost all countries of the world, adopted as national standards and implemented by many companies. In Russia, ISO 9000-2000 standards came into force in 2001 with the adoption and publication of GOST R ISO 9000-2001, GOST R ISO 9001-2001 and GOST R ISO 9004-2001.

The lack of a quality system certificate is increasingly becoming the main obstacle to a company's entry into the foreign market. Realizing this, Russian enterprises are implementing ISO 9000 series standards. Certification is considered the main reliable way to prove the compliance of a product (process, service) with specified requirements. Any certification system uses standards for compliance with which tests are carried out. The standards that are used for certification purposes are presented in the full-text DB “Certification of Products and Services”.

Standards of the State Measurement System

GSSSD 1–87. Fundamental physical constants

GOST R 8.000–2000 GSI. Basic provisions

GOST 8.057–80GSI. Standards of units of physical quantities. Basic provisions

GOST 8.315–97GSI. Standard samples of the composition and properties of substances and materials

GOST 8.417–2002GSI. Units of quantities

GOST R 8.563–96GSI. Measurement procedure

GOST R 8.565–96GSI. Metrological support for the operation of nuclear power plants. Basic provisions

GOST R 8.596–2002GSI. Metrological support of measuring systems. Basic provisions.

GOST

RMG 43–2001GSI.

GOST 8.381–80 GSI.Standards. Ways to Express Errors

GOST 8.157–75 GSI. Practical temperature scales.

GOST 8.009–84 GSI. Standardized metrological characteristics of measuring instruments

GOST 8.256–77 GSI. Standardization and determination of dynamic characteristics of analog measuring instruments

GOST 8.401–80 GSI. Accuracy classes of measuring instruments

GOST 8.207–76 GSI. Direct measurements with multiple observations. Methods for processing observation results

GOST R 8.563–96GSI.Methods of performing measurements

GOST R 50779.21–96.Statistical methods. Rules for determining and methods for calculating statistical characteristics based on sample data. Part 1. Normal distributions

RMG 29–99GSI.Metrology. Basic terms and definitions

GOST 8.050–73 GSI. Normal conditions for performing linear and angular measurements

GOST 8.051–81 GSI. Errors allowed when measuring linear dimensions up to 500 mm

GOST 14004–68. Lever scales for general purposes. Weighing limits. Accuracy standards

GOST 8.567–99 GSI. Time and frequency measurements. Terms and Definitions

GOST R 51070–97. Electric and magnetic field strength meters. General technical requirements and test methods

GOST 1.1–2002 MGSS. Terms and Definitions

ESKD standards

Unified system of design documentation: Basic provisions. GOST 2.001–93 - GOST 2.125–85

Unified system of design documentation: Rules for the execution of drawings of various parts. GOST 2.301–68 – GOST 2.321–84

Unified system of design documentation: GOST 2.412–81 – GOST 2.420–84

Unified system of design documentation: Rules for the execution of schemes. GOST 2.701–84 – GOST 2.711–82

Unified system of design documentation: Conventional designations in diagrams. GOST 2.782–96 – GOST 2.797–81

Basic norms of interchangeability. Tolerances and landings: a collection of standards

Metricthread: collection of standards

SIBID standards

GOST 7.1-2003 Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules. - SIBID

GOST 7.60–2003. Editions. Main types. Terms and definitions.- SIBID

GOST 7.32-2001 . Research report. Structure and design rules. - SIBID

GOST 7.54-88 Presentation of numerical data on the properties of substances and materials in scientific and technical documents. General requirements. - SIBID .

GOST 7.70–2003. Description of databases and machine-readable information arrays. Composition and designation of characteristics. - SIBID

GOST 7.83–2001. Electronic publications. Main types and output data. - SIBID

GOST R ISO 5725–2002 (parts 1,2,3,4,5,6). Accuracy (correctness and precision) of measurement methods and results

RMG 43–2001GSI. Application of guidelines for expressing measurement uncertainty

ESPD standards

GOST 19.001–77 ESPD. General provisions.

GOST 19.701–90 (ISO 5807–85) ESPD. Schemes of algorithms, programs, data and systems. Conventional designations and execution rules

Information Technology Standards

Information technology. Automated systems. Basic provisions. The collection of standards includes standards of group 24 – Unified System of Standards for Automated Control System and 34 – Information Technologies

Standards of the GOST ISO–10303 series. Production automation systems and their integration. Presentation and exchange of product data

GOST R ISO/IEC TO 12 182–2002. Information technology. Classification of software

GOST R ISO/IEC 12 207–99. Information technology. Software life cycle processes

GOST R ISO/IEC 15 408–2002 (parts 1-3). Information technology. Methods and means of ensuring security. Criteria for assessing information technology security

GOST 27 459–87. Information processing systems. Machine graphics. Terms and Definitions

GOST R 50 922-96. Data protection. Basic terms and definitions

GOST R 51 275–99. Data protection. Information object. Factors influencing information. General provisions

GOST R 51 897–2002. Risk management. Terms and Definitions

Standards of the scientific and technical environment

GOST R ISO 9000–2001. Quality management systems: basic provisions and dictionaries

Reliability in technology:cfightergroup 27 standards

GOST 7427–76. Geometric optics. Terms and definitions and letter designations

GOST 7601–78. Physical optics. Terms, letter designations and definitions of basic quantities

GOST 15093–90. Lasers and laser radiation control devices. Terms and Definitions

GOST 17021–88. Integrated circuits. Terms and Definitions

GOST 17137–87. Monitoring, control and protection systems for nuclear reactors. Terms and Definitions

GOST 22491–87. Accelerators of charged particles. Terms and Definitions

GOST 22574–77. Nuclear fissile materials. Terms and Definitions

GOST 22705–77. Radiation equipment. Terms and Definitions

GOST 23082–78. Nuclear reactors. Terms and Definitions.

GOST R 50088–92. Nuclear water-cooled power reactors VVER. General requirements for carrying out physical calculations

GOST R 50996–98. Collection, storage, processing and disposal of radioactive waste. Terms and Definitions

GOST R 51086–97. Electronic sensors and converters of physical quantities. Terms and Definitions

GOST R 51170–98. Quality of service information. Terms and Definitions

R50.1.040–2002.Statistical methods. Experiment planning. Terms and Definitions

Questions for self-control:

1. What is a national standard?

2. What are technical regulations?

3. Name the types of regulatory and technical documents.

4. Where can I find information about GOST standards in force in the Russian Federation?

5. How can I get the full texts of the standards?

Modern business sets itself challenges that require close interaction between various structural divisions using specialized software.

For the correct exchange of regulatory data between specialized IT systems, information must be presented in a unified, template form and stored in the corporate system Regulatory and Reference Information(NSI).

The IndigoSoft company is engaged in a comprehensive solution of problems associated with the formation, maintenance and integration industry and individual search systems Regulatory and Reference Documentation ( NTD) V NSI enterprise system:

The creation of an individual Corporate Fund of Regulatory and Technical Documents allows you to create unified information space for structural and separate divisions of the enterprise. Integration of KFNTD related information systems and software applications ( ERP, PDM, PLM, CAD and etc), automates And unifies processes related to working with external and internal technical documentation. Centralized management KFNT is an important factor that positively influences order in the normative and technical documentation used at the enterprise.

Implementation of KFNTD from IndigoSoft is:

Increasing executive discipline within the company.
Reducing the development and introduction of internal technical documentation.
Ensuring transparency of accounting and turnover of scientific and technical documentation within the company.
Simplification and automation of standard control of the enterprise.
Simplification of confirmation of the GOST R ISO 9001-2015 standard and passing the audit.

For ease of management, KFNTD IndigoSoft recommends the NormaCS platform.

NormaCS has established itself as a unique information retrieval system for regulatory documents and standards that are applied on the territory of the Russian Federation and regulate the activities of enterprises in various industries.

Complete dictionary of terms.
- Convenient search system.
- Ability to integrate internal and external documents.
- A simple system for requesting the inclusion of necessary additional ND.
- Integration with Microsoſt Office. Automatic placement of hyperlinks,
redirecting to documents in the database.
- Uploading data for integration into any information system.
- Timely updating of industry normative documents.




When organizing access to the corporate fund of scientific and technical documentation for several enterprises of one branch network, it is possible to install a transit-caching server, which significantly reduces the load on the main server, saves traffic and speeds up work with the scientific and technical documentation even on low-power computers.