How to evaluate the efficiency of using OS: formulas for capital productivity, capital-labor ratio and capital intensity. Factor analysis of capital productivity and capital profitability If capital productivity is negative

The return on capital of fixed assets indicates how much profit the organization received for each ruble invested in the foundation of the fund, and we calculate it using the formula:

Ropf = x100%(1.12)

Capital-labor ratio is an indicator characterizing the degree to which living labor (labor) is equipped with means of labor. It is calculated by the formula:

The intensity of equipment use characterizes the volume of economic activity (trade turnover, products sold, etc.) per ruble of fixed production assets. It is determined by the formula:

(2.14)

where Kno is the coefficient of intensity of equipment use;

FOB - the average annual cost of used machinery and equipment.

Considering that there is a certain relationship between the number of employees and their labor productivity, we can also calculate labor productivity at the enterprise:

where H is the number of employees of the enterprise

PT = Fotd x Fv, i.e. PT = (2.16)

Relative savings of fixed assets:

where OPF0, OPF1 are, respectively, the average annual cost of fixed assets in the base (2008) and reporting (2009) years.

Ivp - index of the volume of gross production, calculated by the formula:

where B is sales revenue.

.

Let's summarize all the calculated efficiency indicators of fixed production assets of IP Vasiliev S.E. for the period 2007-2009 in table 2.8.

Analysis of the table convincingly proves that the need for fixed assets depends significantly on the efficiency of their use. The higher the efficiency of use, the relatively smaller the volume of fixed assets required for the normal sale of goods and services.

The obtained values ​​show that the company received 5 rubles. 21 kopecks in 2007, finished products from 1 ruble of fixed assets, and 5 rubles. 35 kopecks and 4 rubles. 63 kopecks in 2008 and 2009 respectively.

Table 2.8

Indicators of the efficiency of use of fixed production assets of IP Vasiliev S.E. for the period 2007-2009

3.3 Factor analysis of capital productivity and capital profitability

All phenomena and processes of economic activity of enterprises are interconnected and interdependent. Some of them are directly related to each other, others - indirectly. Each phenomenon can be considered both as a cause and as a result. If this or that indicator is considered as a consequence, as a result of the action of one or more causes and acts as an object of study, then when studying relationships it is called an effective indicator. Indicators that determine the behavior of an effective characteristic are called factor indicators; they predict performance results and assess their sensitivity to changes in internal and external factors. Each performance indicator depends on numerous and varied factors. The more detailed the influence of factors on the value of the performance indicator is studied, the more accurate the analysis results. Hence, an important methodological issue in economic analysis is the study and measurement of the influence of factors on the value of the economic indicators under study.

Factors are the reasons that shape the results of economic and financial activities. Without a deep and comprehensive study of factors, it is impossible to draw reasonable conclusions about the results of activities, identify production reserves, justify plans and management decisions, predict performance results, and assess their sensitivity to changes in internal and external factors.

Factor analysis is a set of multivariate statistical analysis methods used to study the relationships between the values ​​of variables. Using factor analysis, it is possible to identify hidden variable factors responsible for the presence of linear statistical relationships between observed variables. Factor analysis is a gradual transition from the initial factor system to the final factor system, a research method based on the analysis of the impact of various factors on the results of economic activity and its effectiveness. The purpose of factor analysis is to determine the relationships between variables and their classification.

Using factor analysis, a full set of factors influencing changes in the performance indicator is revealed. Structural-logical model of factor analysis of capital profitability and capital productivity.

Factor analysis finds application in economic analysis by using the method of chain substitutions. This method allows you to determine the influence of individual factors on changes in the value of the effective indicator, by gradually replacing the base value of each factor indicator in the volume of the effective indicator with the actual value in the reporting period. Consistently replacing each planned indicator with an actual one, the remaining indicators are left unchanged and determine the final result. To calculate the influence of each factor, the first is subtracted from the second, and the previous one is subtracted from the subsequent one.

The results of factor analysis, in particular, on the capital productivity of active fixed production assets of JSC Northern Port, are presented in Table 3.3.1

Factor analysis of capital productivity of the active part

Table 3.3.1

With an increase in sales revenue by 55,916 thousand rubles. the capital productivity of the active part of fixed production assets increased by 0.45 rubles, and with an increase in the average annual cost of the active part of fixed production assets by 6119 thousand rubles. capital productivity of the active part of fixed production assets decreased by 0.23 rubles. The joint increase in both revenue and the cost of the active part of fixed production assets resulted in an increase in the capital productivity of the active part by 0.2 rubles.

Initial information for factor analysis of capital profitability and capital productivity of OJSC "Northern Port"

Table 3.3.2

The most determining factors influencing the capital profitability indicator are the capital productivity of fixed production assets and the profitability of products (activities).

Change in capital profitability due to:

Ø capital productivity of fixed production assets:

∆R OPF = ∆ FO OPF * R VP 2006

∆R = (3.40-3.21) * 18 = + 3.42%;

Ø Product profitability:

∆R OPF = FO OPF 2007 * ∆R VP

∆R OPF = 3.40*(9.8 - 18) = - 27.30%

In turn, the factors influencing the capital productivity of fixed production assets are changes in the share of the active part of the assets in the total amount of fixed production assets, the share of operating equipment in the active part and the capital productivity of existing equipment:

∆FO OPF =U D A *U D D *FO D.

According to Table 3.3.2, using the method of absolute differences, we calculate the change in capital productivity of fixed production assets due to:

Ø specific weight of the active part of fixed production assets:

∆ FO UDA = ∆ U D A * U D D 2006 * FO D 2006

0.01 * 0.74 * 6.8 = + 0.05 rub.;

Ø share of operating equipment in the active part of the funds:

∆FO U D = U D A 2007 * ∆U D D * FO D 2006

0.66 * 0.01 * 6.8 = + 0.05 rub.;

Ø capital productivity of operating equipment:

∆FO FO D = U D A 2007 * U D D 2007 * ∆FO D

0.66 * 0.75 * 0.2 = + 0.1 rub.

Total cumulative influence of factors on capital productivity of fixed production assets:

∆FO UdA + ∆FO Ud D + ∆FO FO D = 0.05+0.05+0.1 = + 0.2 rub.

The calculation of the influence of the above calculated factors on capital profitability is given in table No. 3.3.3.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF FIXED PRODUCTION FACILITIES OF JSC "NORTHERN PORT"

One of the most important tasks in the development of transport is to ensure production, primarily by increasing its efficiency and more fully using on-farm reserves. To do this, it is necessary to use existing fixed production assets more rationally.

A more rational use of fixed production assets is also encouraged by the fact that in modern conditions the limited financial capabilities of transport enterprises do not allow them to update their material and technical base in a timely manner, therefore improving the use of existing fixed production assets is especially relevant.

The need to improve the use of fixed production assets is also determined by the fact that high rates of scientific and technological progress cause faster aging of equipment and its obsolescence. In order to avoid the negative consequences of obsolescence and reduce losses from the decommissioning of non-depreciated assets, it is necessary to use it more fully and intensively.

Finding ways to improve the efficient use of fixed production assets is important for an enterprise. Solving this problem means increasing production, increasing the output of the enterprise's production potential, reducing production costs, increasing the profitability of production and the enterprise's savings.

To determine the level of use of fixed production assets, the capital productivity indicator is most often used, reflecting the relationship between the number of products produced and the cost of fixed production assets. The higher this indicator, the more efficiently the enterprise uses its available funds.

Increasing the efficiency of use, and, consequently, the capital productivity of fixed production assets is achieved due to a number of factors that can be combined into the following groups:

Ø factors reflecting the level of direct use of existing fixed production assets in terms of time and capacity: increasing shifts, reducing intra-shift downtime, increasing the productivity of machines, equipment and vehicles, timely and complete delivery of materials, structures and parts, equipment to be installed;

Ø factors reflecting organizational measures and management: improving the organizational structure of management, the level of concentration, the level of specialization, improving planning and management, the constant implementation of scientific organization of work, the introduction of automated management systems, the introduction of progressive forms of labor organization;

Ø factors reflecting the social and economic conditions of workers, the level of qualifications of workers and engineers, production conditions for performing work, improving accounting, control and analysis of the operation of the fleet of machines and mechanisms, living conditions, material incentives for workers, moral incentives for workers for the best use of fixed production assets ;

Ø factors expressing the impact of updating fixed production assets in the process of their reproduction: capital intensity, disposal of fixed assets due to moral and physical wear and tear, renewal rates, general structure of assets, structure of assets by their groups.

Most often, one of the reasons that worsens the capital productivity indicator is the slow development of new fixed production assets, therefore one of the most important areas for increasing the efficiency of their use is the timely commissioning and faster development of new fixed production assets. Reducing the time required for commissioning new fixed production assets allows us to quickly obtain the products necessary for the national economy from technically more advanced assets, accelerate their turnover and thereby slow down the onset of obsolescence, and increase the efficiency of social production as a whole.

Improving the use of fixed production assets of transport enterprises can be achieved through the following measures:

Ø increasing the intensity of use of existing fixed production assets;

Ø increasing the extensiveness of their load.

Extensive measures to improve the efficiency of use of fixed production assets are associated with the attraction of additional production resources. These include:

Ø technical re-equipment and reconstruction of production, allowing to reduce the labor intensity of products;

Ø comprehensive mechanization and automation of production, eliminating the loss of equipment working time;

Ø rational specialization and cooperation of workshops and areas, ensuring full utilization of equipment;

Ø modernization of equipment;

Ø improving the skills of workers;

Ø creation of favorable environmental conditions (temperature, air purity, absence of drafts, standard humidity level).

Intensive activities do not require additional resources. The intensive use of fixed production assets of transport enterprises includes their technical re-equipment, as well as increasing the rate of renewal of fixed production assets. At the same time, faster technical re-equipment is especially important for those enterprises where there is a high level of wear and tear on fixed production assets. This largely applies to inland water transport enterprises, and in particular to JSC Severny Port.

More extensive use of fixed production assets involves, on the one hand, an increase in the operating time of existing fixed production assets in a calendar period (during a shift, day, month, quarter, year), and on the other hand, an increase in the number and share of existing fixed production assets as part of all fixed production assets available at the enterprise and in its individual production unit. Increasing the operating time of fixed production assets is achieved, in particular, by improving their care, compliance with the prescribed production technology, improving the organization of production and labor, which contributes to the correct operation of equipment, avoiding downtime and accidents, carrying out timely and high-quality repairs, reducing equipment downtime for repairs and increasing the overhaul period; carrying out measures that increase the share of main production operations in working hours, reducing seasonality in the work of enterprises in a number of industries, increasing the shifts of work of enterprises.

Increasing the efficiency of using fixed production assets in relation to OJSC “Northern Port” can also be achieved by:

Releasing the enterprise from excess equipment, machinery and other fixed production assets or leasing them;

Timely and high-quality implementation of planned and major repairs;

Timely renewal of the active part of fixed production assets;

Increasing the level of mechanization and automation of production processes;

Introduction of advanced technologies – energy and fuel saving;

Improving the organization of production and labor in order to reduce losses of working time and downtime in the operation of machinery and equipment.

The analysis of the efficiency of using the fixed production assets of OJSC “Northern Port” made it possible to identify some reserves for its growth. For example, one of the possible reserves is the reduction of management costs, which will lead to a reduction in production costs and ultimately to an increase in capital profitability, which is one of the important general indicators characterizing the use of fixed production assets. Management costs can be reduced by reducing the number of full-time engineering and technical workers and by attracting young specialists trained by the Moscow State Academy of Water Transport. To do this, it is necessary to fully conduct propaganda among the students of the academy and provide multifaceted assistance in the process of training and internship of young specialists in the divisions of OJSC "Northern Port".

The positive dynamics of capital profitability, other things being equal, is also determined by such a factor as profit growth. Increasing profits is one of the main goals of financial management, which, in order to ensure its growth, must constantly monitor the market for non-metallic construction materials (their processing is the main activity of the port), in order to quickly and timely take measures if its conditions change, and, if necessary, and radically change the vector of activity.

An important area of ​​increasing the efficiency of use of fixed production assets at OJSC "Northern Port" is to improve the use of existing fixed production assets, in particular, preventing downtime of warehouse hangars during the non-navigation period, and, if necessary, renting them out. This is the only way to remain a competitive and profitable enterprise in a difficult economic situation.

Increasing the efficiency of using fixed production assets depends to a large extent on the qualifications of personnel, their creative and conscientious attitude to work. Material incentives for workers are also of great importance in improving the use of fixed production assets.

It should be noted that in general, the economic indicators of the port have fairly stable dynamics with slight growth. The stability of the enterprise is indisputable proof that it operates confidently in the market and occupies one of the leading positions in the industry. The difficulties experienced by Severny Port OJSC in terms of updating fixed production assets are typical for the entire industry. And solutions must be sought not only in our own reserves, but perhaps also in state support, and not so much in financial support, but in the priority of government orders, the provision of tax and other benefits, since the Northern Port is a strategically important facility, both from an economic point of view, and from a civil defense point of view.

There is good reason to rely on government support. Thus, within the framework of the subprogram “Inland water transport” of the Federal Target Program “Development of the Transport System of Russia (2010 - 2015)”, measures have been developed for the development of inland water transport. The goal is to create a modern and efficient transport infrastructure that will accelerate the movement of goods and reduce transport costs in the economy. In order to increase the competitiveness of the Russian transport system and realize the country's transit potential.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY OF JSC "NORTHERN PORT"

Information about the work “Analysis of the efficiency of using fixed production assets of OJSC “Northern Port” and development of proposals for its improvement”

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The use of fixed assets is represented by indicators of capital productivity, capital intensity and capital-labor ratio.

Capital productivity

The efficiency of using fixed assets is characterized by the capital productivity indicator, calculated as the ratio of the volume of production for the year (at the enterprise level) to the average annual total cost. At the industry level, output or gross value added is used as an indicator of production, and at the level of the economy as a whole, value is used.

Capital productivity This is the volume of output divided by the average amount of industrial production fixed assets at original cost.

Rational use of fixed production assets is necessary to increase the production of social product and.

Increasing the level of use of fixed assets allows you to increase the size of production output without additional capital investments and in a shorter time. Accelerates, reduces the cost of reproduction of new funds and reduces.

The economic effect of increasing the level of use of fixed assets is an increase in social labor productivity.

Capital productivity shows how much output (or profit) an organization receives from each ruble of its fixed assets.

Let us determine by the method of absolute differences the influence on the volume of production of two factors associated with fixed assets:

• quantitative (extensive) factor - the amount of fixed assets;
• qualitative (intensive) factor - capital productivity.

The increase in production output compared to the previous year was influenced by the following factors:

1. an increase in the amount of fixed assets could increase production output by +6174 x 1.01 = +6235.7 thousand rubles.
2. a decrease in capital productivity reduced output by the amount of (-0.18) x 27985 = - 5037.3 thousand rubles. The total influence of two factors (balance of factors) is: +6235.7 - 5037.3 = +1198 thousand rubles.

Capital intensity

Capital intensity is the reciprocal of capital productivity. It characterizes how many fixed production assets account for 1 ruble of manufactured products.

Capital intensity is the average amount of industrial production fixed assets at original cost divided by the volume of output.

Reducing capital intensity means saving labor.

The value of capital productivity shows how much production is obtained from each ruble invested in fixed assets, and serves to determine the economic efficiency of using existing fixed assets.

Capital intensity value shows how much money needs to be spent on fixed assets to obtain the required volume of output.

Thus - capital intensity shows, how many fixed assets account for each ruble of output. If the use of fixed assets improves, then capital productivity should increase and capital intensity should decrease.

When calculating capital productivity, working machines and equipment (the active part of fixed assets) are separated from fixed assets. A comparison of growth rates and percentages of implementation of the capital productivity plan per 1 ruble of the cost of fixed industrial production assets and per 1 ruble of the cost of working machinery and equipment shows the impact of changes in the structure of fixed assets on the efficiency of their use. The second indicator in these conditions should be ahead of the first (if the share of the active part of fixed assets increases).

Capital-labor ratio

The capital-labor ratio has a huge impact on the values ​​of capital productivity and capital intensity.

The capital-labor ratio is used to characterize the degree to which workers are equipped with labor.

Capital-to-capital ratio and capital productivity are interconnected through the indicator labor productivity(Labor productivity = Product output / ).

Thus, capital productivity = labor productivity / capital-labor ratio.

To improve production efficiency, it is important to ensure faster growth in production compared to the growth of fixed production assets.

Using the problem, we will consider the method of calculating capital intensity, capital-labor ratio and capital productivity.

• Dynamic coefficient of the concern's average capital productivity;
• The absolute impact on the change in average capital productivity of changes in capital productivity at each enterprise and changes in the capital structure.

Impact of changes in capital productivity of changes in fixed assets

Analysis of the condition and use of fixed assets

The volume of production depends on many factors, which can be grouped into three main groups:

• factors related to the availability, use, i.e. main industrial and production funds (funds);
• factors related to security () and their use;
• factors related to availability, movement and use.

The analysis should examine and measure the influence of these factors on . At the same time, the influence of each group of factors (resources) is determined ceteris paribus, i.e., it is assumed that factors belonging to other groups acted as intended.

Let's consider the first group of factors (resources) influencing the volume of output. All other things being equal, the greater the amount of fixed assets and the better their use, the greater the volume of production.

Main sources of information for analysis of fixed assets are: f. No. 5 of the annual report “Appendix to the Balance Sheet”, inventory cards for accounting of fixed assets, acts of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets, invoices for the internal movement of fixed assets, acts of acceptance and transfer of repaired, reconstructed, modernized fixed assets,

Fixed assets (assets) are means of labor used to manufacture products or to service the production process.

The analysis should begin by studying structure of fixed assets, i.e. the ratio of various groups of fixed assets in the total amount of their value.

Necessary so that in the structure of fixed assets the specific gravity of their active part increased, i.e. working machines and equipment that directly affect objects of labor, i.e. for materials. At the same time, the return on the use of fixed assets increases.

• fixed assets
• fixed assets

These coefficients should be calculated over several periods and the dynamics of renewal, disposal and growth of fixed assets should be monitored.

Then you need to study age composition of equipment, which is very important for characterizing the technical condition of fixed assets. For this purpose, equipment is grouped by service life.

This grouping shows the share of new equipment, the return on use of which is the highest, the share of equipment with average service life, as well as the percentage of obsolete labor tools.

Comparison of these indicators over several years shows trends in their changes (it should be borne in mind that renewal and disposal rates are calculated for a given period, and wear and tear rates are calculated at the beginning and end of the period).

Technological level of equipment

It is necessary to study the technological level of the equipment.

1. manually operated equipment;
2. partially mechanized simple equipment;
3. fully mechanized simple equipment;
4. partially automated equipment;
5. fully automated equipment;
6. automated and programmable equipment;
7. flexible, automated and programmable equipment.

In the process of analysis, the technological level of equipment is expressed by the following indicators:

Level of mechanization machinery and equipment is the total cost of equipment of types 2 - 7 divided by the total cost of equipment of types 1 - 7.

Automation level machinery and equipment is the total cost of equipment of types 4 - 7 divided by the total cost of equipment of types 1 - 7.

Level of complex automation machinery and equipment is the total cost of equipment of types 5 - 7 divided by the total cost of equipment of types 1 - 7.

Indicators of maintenance of machines and equipment

Level of labor mechanization is the number of workers servicing mechanized equipment divided by the total number of production workers.

Labor automation level This is the number of workers servicing automated equipment divided by the total number of production workers.

Analysis of the use of fixed assets

Having analyzed the state of fixed assets, we move on to analyzing their use. The most common indicators of the use of fixed assets are: capital productivity, capital intensity and capital-labor ratio (see the beginning of the article).

Equipment usage indicators

After studying the general indicators of the use of fixed assets, it is necessary to consider the use of equipment as the most active part of fixed assets, on which production output mainly depends.

Extensive use equipment can also be characterized by the coefficient of extensive equipment use.

Extensive equipment utilization rate— this is the actual number of machine-hours worked by the equipment divided by the basic (planned) number of machine-hours worked by the equipment.

K ex= Actual operating time of the equipment, hour / Standard operating time of the equipment, hour

Having considered the extensive use of equipment, let’s move on to studying its intensive use, i.e. usage but performance. It is analyzed by comparing actual indicators of product removal per machine-hour (machine-hour) with planned indicators, with indicators of previous periods, as well as with indicators of other related enterprises for groups of similar equipment

Equipment use performance can be characterized by the coefficient of intensive use of equipment.

Equipment intensive utilization rate- this is the actual average output per one worked machine-hour divided by the basic (planned) average output per one worked machine-hour.

Integral use of equipment, i.e. simultaneously in time and productivity, expressed coefficient of integral equipment utilization, which is defined as the product of the coefficients of extensive and intensive use of equipment.

At the conclusion of the analysis, it is necessary to summarize the reserves for increasing production output associated with fixed assets.

• commissioning of uninstalled equipment;
• increasing equipment shifts;
• eliminating the causes of above-planned whole-shift and intra-shift equipment downtime;
• reduction of planned losses of equipment operating time;
• implementation of organizational and technical measures aimed at reducing the operating time of equipment to produce a unit of product.

To summarize the efficiency of using the enterprise's fixed production assets, the following indicators are used:

Fund return;

Capital productivity of fixed production assets;

Capital intensity is the reciprocal of capital productivity;

Capital productivity of the active part of fixed production assets;

Table 4 - Dynamics of efficiency indicators for the use of fixed assets of OJSC "Dolomite Quarry"

Thus, capital profitability in 2013 increased compared to 2011 by 25.8%, capital productivity increased by 0.46 thousand rubles, which positively characterizes the work of Dolomite Quarry OJSC.

The efficiency of using fixed assets can be increased by automating production, replacing old equipment with new ones, eliminating the irrational use of fixed assets, etc.

Reserves represent the available opportunities to improve the results of economic activity at a given level of management.

As a result of the analysis of improving the use of fixed assets at Dolomite Quarry OJSC, the following reserves were identified:

1. Reserve for increasing production output due to the commissioning of new equipment. This reserve can be determined by multiplying its additional quantity by the actual value of the average annual output or by the actual value of all factors that form its level:

P^VPk = P^K *D1 *Kcm1 *P1*ChV1

Р^ ВПк - reserve for increasing production output due to the commissioning of new equipment;

Р^К - reserve for increasing the average annual operating equipment;

D1 - worked out for the year by all equipment, days in 2013 (332 days);

Kcm1 - shift coefficient in 2013;

P1 - average shift duration in 2013 (8.0 hours);

ChV1 - the amount of mineral mined in one shift in 2013 (112t).

Kcm0 = 360 shifts / 180 days = 2

Kcm1 = 392 shifts / 206 days = 1.9

Deviation = 1.9 - 2 = - 0.1

If the enterprise puts into operation 25% of new machinery and equipment, such as drilling rigs, vibrating screens, screw conveyors, crushers, mills and dump trucks, then, according to the calculations made using the formula, production output will increase by 141,299.20 rubles.

Р^ VPk = 25% * 332 days * 1.9 * 8.0 hours * 112t = 141.29 thousand rubles

2. Reserve for increasing production output by increasing the shift ratio as a result of better organization of production; for this, it is necessary to multiply the possible increase in the latter by the possible number of days of operation of the entire equipment fleet and by the actual shift production of equipment (SV):

P^ VPKsm = Kv * Dv * P^ Ksm * SVf = Kv * Dv * P^ Ksm * Pf * ChVf

Р^ VPKsm - reserve for increasing production output by increasing the shift ratio;

Kv - retirement rate (0.075);

Р^ Ксм - reserve for increasing the shift coefficient;

SVf - actual shift output;

Дв - number of days of operation of the entire equipment fleet (332 days);

Pf - average shift duration in 2013 (8.0 hours);

ChVf - the amount of mineral extracted in one shift in 2013.

Р^ VPKsm = 0.075* 332 days * 15% * 8.0 hours * 112t = 334.56 thousand rubles

By increasing the shift ratio by 15%, the reserve will increase production by 334.56 rubles. Which will lead to an increase in profits. This reserve will have a positive impact on the activities of the enterprise.

3. The reserve for growth of capital productivity is an increase in the volume of production and a reduction in the average annual cost of fixed production assets:

R^FO = FOv - FOf = [(VPf + R^VP) / (OPFf + OPF d - Pv OPF)] - (VPf / OPFf) (3.23)

R^FO - capital productivity growth reserve;

FOv, FOf - respectively, the possible and actual level of capital productivity;

OPF d - additional amount of fixed production assets necessary to develop reserves for increasing production output;

Pv OPF is a reserve for reducing the average balances of fixed production assets through the sale and rental of unnecessary ones and the write-off of unusable ones.

R^FO =[(74,025,000.00 rubles + 141,299.20 rubles)/ (22,771,000.00 rubles + 5,692,750 rubles - 3,650,000.00 rubles)] - 2.88 = 2.98- 2.88 = 0.1

Based on the calculations made, we can conclude that an increase in production volume by 141.29 thousand rubles will lead to an increase in capital productivity by 0.1 thousand rubles, this fact is positive, since the higher this indicator, the more profitable this is for the enterprise.

For more efficient use of fixed assets, the analyzed enterprise can take the following measures:

• - Reduction of all-day and intra-shift downtime. Elimination of this shortcoming can be achieved by introducing progressive organizational and technological measures.
• - Increasing the shift ratio, which can be achieved by using an optimal work schedule for the enterprise, including an effective plan for carrying out repair and adjustment work.
• - More intensive use of equipment.
• - Introduction of scientific and technological progress measures.
• - Economic incentives for main and auxiliary workers, providing for the dependence of wages on the output and quality of products. Formation of incentive funds and rewards for workers who have achieved high performance indicators.
• - Carrying out social work that involves improving the skills of workers, improving working and rest conditions, health promotion activities and other activities that have a positive effect on the physical and spiritual condition of the worker.

Equity return— coefficient equal to the ratio of book profit to the amount of the average annual book value of fixed production assets.

What is capital return on labor?

The efficiency of using fixed assets at an enterprise is usually analyzed using indicators of capital profitability, capital productivity, capital intensity and capital-labor ratio. Fixed assets include buildings, structures, transport, machinery and equipment, tools and other fixed assets of the company.

Capital return indicator

The return on assets indicator shows how much profit falls on the ruble value of fixed assets. For the analysis, the total (balance sheet) profit from sales before tax and the average annual book value of fixed assets are used. Capital return is calculated using the company's balance sheet.

Formula: Capital return = Profit before tax / Average cost of non-current assets * 100%.

Typically, the indicator is analyzed over time. An increase in capital profitability indicates an increase in the efficiency of use of funds, a decrease indicates an increase in capital costs of the enterprise. As a rule, a decrease in capital profitability is observed when new products are introduced into the assortment or the development of new technology. This is due to the fact that investments in production require time to pay off, thus, the return on capital will increase as the return on investment returns.

Other indicators of the use of fixed assets

Close to the concept of capital profitability is the capital productivity ratio. The latter shows how much money in revenue from the sale of goods falls on a unit of investment in fixed assets or how much production the enterprise receives from each ruble of fixed assets.

Thus, the difference between these two indicators is in the numerator; when calculating capital productivity, it is revenue, not profit. When calculating capital productivity, their active part (machinery and equipment) is excluded from fixed assets.

Formula: Capital productivity = Volume of marketable products / Average annual cost of fixed assets.

An increase in capital productivity is necessary to increase labor productivity at an enterprise.

The capital intensity indicator is in inverse proportion to capital productivity. It shows how many fixed assets are per ruble of manufactured products or how much money needs to be spent to obtain the required volume of products.

Formula: Capital intensity = Average amount of fixed assets at original cost / Volume of output.

A decrease in capital intensity indicates labor savings. Thus, as the efficiency of use of fixed assets improves, capital productivity increases, and capital intensity decreases.

The capital-labor ratio, which is used to analyze the degree of labor equipment, has a great influence on capital intensity and capital productivity. These indicators are related to the labor productivity coefficient. The latter is calculated as the ratio of product output to the average number of employees. Capital productivity equals labor productivity divided by capital-labor ratio.

To increase production efficiency, it is necessary to ensure that production growth is faster than the increase in production assets.