End-to-end technologies of the digital economy. End-to-end technologies declared a priority of the Russian national technology initiative Computational methods for working with data

​The scientific foundations for these technologies, as it turned out, have yet to be created, and scientific areas in which a real breakthrough has already been made remain without funding.

“It is important for us to build chains from beginning to end in such areas as big data, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, new portable energy sources, sensors, wireless communication technologies, technologies for controlling the properties of biological objects, neurotechnology,” he said at the Meeting on the issue of involvement potential of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the implementation of STI Acting President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Valery Kozlov - A simple listing suggests that information technologies are the basis of a lot of things. We need to concentrate the efforts of all institutions, including those that deal exclusively with humanitarian problems ".

As you know, NTI was announced by President Putin on December 4, 2014 in his Address to the Federal Assembly. This is a long-term comprehensive program to form fundamentally new markets and create conditions for Russia’s global technological leadership by 2035.

“This places a serious responsibility on us,” the academician noted, adding that “to date, 6 market road maps (RMs) have been approved: EnergyNet, Healthnet, Neuronet, Marinet, Autonet, Aeronet " and cross-market direction - "Technet".

More specifically, we are talking about the so-called "smart networks" ("Energynet"), personal medicine ("Healthnet"), distributed systems of aircraft ("Aeronet"), maritime transport without a crew ("Marinet") and driverless cars (“Autonet”), distributed artificial components of consciousness and psyche (“Neuronet”), etc.

The main idea is that it will not be possible to compete with the West in occupied areas. Accordingly, the Soviet-era slogan “catch up and overtake” does not work. In Russia today, half of the economy, as one of the participants in the meeting at the Russian Academy of Sciences noted, is analog. Only 5% is focused on high-tech exports. We import everything else.

“If we do nothing, our economy will shrink by half in the next 20 years,” said Dmitry Peskov, director of the “Young Professionals” direction of ASI. “We must build a digital economy, or a data economy... All new markets are built on the network principle , that is, they represent a network within themselves in which intermediaries are replaced by control software."

Today, he says, “in all markets from agriculture to the space market, new markets are emerging in a new network logic.” That's where all these names with the "net" component come from. There is one more reason why Russia needs to develop these new markets. They are still quite free. There are no recognized players there, which means Russia has a chance to take a leading position. A good example is the Yandex company, which arose when there were no generally accepted standards and recognized players in this market. The same thing happened during the Soviet era, when nuclear and missile projects were created. “In all these cases, we as a country were able to achieve success,” Peskov emphasized.

There are many barriers to overcome on the path to technology leadership. Academic science can help do this. We are talking about creating a list of technologies for the implementation of Roadmaps and involving relevant institutions in the work.

“There is an Expert Council of the National Technology Initiative, which includes 8 representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences out of 22 people,” said Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Sergei Aldoshin. “Concerning the involvement of scientific organizations in the implementation of roadmaps for end-to-end technologies and technological barriers, it has already been said here what are planned directions for creating end-to-end technologies. The task of science is to form a scientific and technical basis for these selected groups of technologies in order to create competitive high-tech products."

Another problem that experts pay attention to are barriers associated with the imperfection of the regulatory framework, as well as a lack of funding and an incorrect approach to financing new directions and developments, when funds are allocated only if business is interested in the product of scientists. “It’s impossible to find an investor,” complained Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pavel Balaban, speaking about the NeuroNet direction. Meanwhile, Russian science has actually opened a new direction - “thermogenetics”, and without financial support. For example, a patient with epilepsy can be “planted” with snake proteins, and he will get rid of painful seizures. And the human eye can be given thermal vision. Not to mention the possibility of restoring sight to the blind through these developments.

“FANO institutes are all suffering from the lack of infrastructure renewal. Some of the institutes are in poor condition, we simply cannot do repairs. Where scientific technological barriers have been overcome, this should be used as one of the criteria for allocating the little money that FANO has,” I am convinced scientist.

According to him, we need to think about having projects in the Russian Federation with decent funding that could “support at least those new areas where a breakthrough has been made.” Otherwise, the technology will be mastered abroad. And we will buy it from the West again.

Elena Kovacic

Rostelecom, as a competence center for the Information Infrastructure direction of the state program Digital Economy of the Russian Federation, prepared and on Tuesday, March 13 presented for expert discussion a list of existing and promising technologies for working with data, Rostelecom and ANO Digital said in a statement. economy".

This work is included in the action plan in the direction of the “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” program.

The working group of the direction “Formation of research competencies and scientific and technological reserves” at the ANO “Digital Economy” supported the presented list.

List of end-to-end technologies for working with data

Source: Rostelecom

The list consists of 25 directions, which form five groups. The group of blockchain technologies (“distributed ledger systems”) is not detailed and represents a separate area.

Rostelecom conducted a study of the current level of development of data processing technologies - the list was compiled based on an analysis of more than five million sources (scientific publications, mentions in industry media, marketing research, messages from specialized companies, etc.), the operator reported.

In the next steps, the quantitative data was verified and filtered based on information on patents and investments in technology startups. This way, promising technologies were identified that are already in the focus of attention of scientists and developers, and also attracted real funding for development and commercialization.

The list, in particular, includes machine learning and neural network technologies, computer vision, data mining, biometric technologies, geographic information technologies and navigation, cloud, fog and edge computing, quantum computing technologies, etc.

“We have taken an important step towards systematizing an array of information about new technologies and trends in working with data. One of the most important results of the work is the identification of promising end-to-end technologies that can give impetus to the development of applied solutions in various industries simultaneously. A clear example of this type of technology is the processing of biometric data (facial recognition, voice recognition, fingerprints, etc.), which is needed in medicine, banking, the provision of public services and many other industries. At the same time, the list of promising technologies for working with data must be updated on a regular basis, which is what we will do,” said Boris Glazkov, vice president of Rostelecom, head of the Information Infrastructure competence center.

“The list of end-to-end technologies for working with data is the result ... of the work of competence centers and working groups of ANO Digital Economy in two directions - “Information Infrastructure” and “Scientific and Technological Groundwork,” says the director of the direction “Formation of Research Competencies and Scientific and Technological Groundwork » ANO “Digital Economy” Sergey Nakvasin.

Boris Glazkov said that at the beginning of the second quarter of 2018 it is planned to present the results of the second annual study “Monitoring Global Digitalization Trends”, which this year will be expanded to identify promising areas of technological development in key sectors of the economy.

Glazkov spoke about how Rostelecom monitors global trends in ICT development at the plenary session of the PROF-IT.2017 forum in September 2017 (see it), as well as at the World Youth and Students in Sochi in October.

1. a set of technologies created on the basis of the principles of functioning of the nervous system;
2. the basis for creating a new class of globally competitive technologies necessary for the development of new markets, products, services, including those aimed at increasing the duration and quality of life.

Industrial Internet

Industrial Internet (Industrial Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT) is a concept for building infocommunication infrastructures, which implies connecting to the Internet any non-household devices, equipment, sensors, automated process control systems (APCS), as well as integration of these elements with each other, which leads to the formation of new business models for the creation of goods and services, as well as their delivery to consumers.

The key driver for implementing the Industrial Internet concept is to increase the efficiency of existing production and technological processes and reduce the need for capital expenditures. The resources of companies thus freed create demand for solutions in the field of the Industrial Internet.

The Internet of Things system today involves all the links necessary for its functioning: manufacturers of sensors and other devices, software, system integrators and customer organizations (both B2B and B2G), telecom operators.

The introduction of the industrial Internet has a significant impact on the economy of individual companies and the country as a whole, helps to increase labor productivity and the growth of the gross national product, and has a positive effect on working conditions and professional growth of employees. The service model of the economy, which is being created in the process of this transition, is based on the digitalization of production and other traditional industries, data exchange between various subjects of the production process and analytics of large volumes of data.

Robotics

Robotics is an applied science that deals with the development of automated technical systems and is the most important technical basis for the intensification of production. A robot is a programmable mechanical device that is capable of performing tasks and interacting with the external environment without human assistance.

Robotics is based on disciplines such as electronics, mechanics, telemechanics, mechanotronics, computer science, as well as radio engineering and electrical engineering. There are construction, industrial, household, medical, aviation and extreme (military, space, underwater) robotics.

Sensory

Robot sensory (a system of sensitive sensors) usually copies the functions of human senses: vision, hearing, smell, touch and taste. The sense of balance and body position in space, as a function of the inner ear, is sometimes considered the sixth sense. The functioning of biological sense organs is based on the principle of neural activity, while the sensory organs of robots are electrical in nature.

We can characterize artificial sensors by their relation to natural sensory organs, but usually classes of sensory devices are distinguished by the type of influence to which a given sensor responds: light, sound, heat, etc. The types of sensors built into a robot are determined by purpose and location its application.

The sensing element of the sensor itself may be called a sensor. Sensors are used in many sectors of the economy - mining and processing of minerals, industrial production, transport, communications, logistics, construction, agriculture, healthcare, science and other industries - currently being an integral part of technical devices.

Recently, due to the reduction in cost of electronic systems, sensors with complex signal processing, the ability to configure and regulate parameters, and a standard control system interface are increasingly being used. There is a certain tendency to broaden the interpretation and transfer of this term to measuring instruments that appeared much earlier than the mass use of sensors, as well as, by analogy, to objects of a different nature, for example, biological ones.

In automated control systems, sensors can act as initiating devices, driving equipment, valves and software. Sensor readings in such systems are usually recorded on a storage device for monitoring, processing, analysis and output to a display or printing device. Sensors are of great importance in robotics, where they act as receptors through which robots and other automatic devices receive information from the outside world and their internal organs.

Wireless connection

(wireless data transmission) - communication that bypasses wires or other physical transmission media. For example, the Bluetooth wireless data transfer protocol works “over the air” over a short distance. Wi-Fi is another way to transmit data (Internet) over the air. Cellular communication also refers to wireless communication. Although wireless communication protocols are improving year by year, they have not yet surpassed wired communication in terms of their basic indicators and transmission speed. Although the LTE network and its newest iterations show great promise in this field.

A virtual reality

Virtual reality (VR, English virtual reality, VR, artificial reality) is a world created by technical means (objects and subjects), transmitted to a person through his senses: vision, hearing, smell, touch and others. Virtual reality simulates both exposure and reactions to exposure. To create a convincing set of sensations of reality, computer synthesis of the properties and reactions of virtual reality is carried out in real time.

Objects in virtual reality usually behave closely to the behavior of similar objects in material reality. The user can influence these objects in accordance with the real laws of physics (gravity, properties of water, collision with objects, reflection, etc.). However, often for entertainment purposes, users of virtual worlds are allowed to do more than is possible in real life (for example: fly, create any objects, etc.).

“Virtual reality” systems are devices that more fully, compared to conventional computer systems, simulate interaction with a virtual environment by influencing all five human senses.

Application: computer games, training, video.

Augmented Reality

Augmented reality (AR - “augmented reality”) is the result of introducing any sensory data into the field of perception in order to supplement information about the environment and improve the perception of information.

Augmented reality is a perceived mixed reality created using elements of perceived reality “augmented” with the help of a computer (when real objects are mounted in the field of perception).

Among the most common examples of augmenting perceived reality are a parallel front colored line showing the location of the closest field player to the goal during a television showing of football matches, arrows indicating the distance from the place of a penalty kick to the goal, a “drawn” trajectory of the puck during a hockey match, mixing real and fictional objects in films and computer or gadget games, etc.

There are several definitions of augmented reality: researcher Ronald Azuma in 1997 defined it as a system that:

• combines the virtual and the real;
• interacts in real time;
• works in 3D.

Application: cinematography, television, mobile technologies, medicine, military equipment, computer games, printing.

I dedicate this editorial to a topic to which, thanks to my scientific background, I can never remain indifferent. In decent science, the most clear system for introducing definitions is used, and we can say that the accuracy of science is measured by the rigor of the specification of terms, concepts (definitions); The standard of such rigor is generally accepted as mathematics. In engineering, the mathematical rigor of operating terms is often unnatural and impossible, however, this area clearly needs to draw from the exact sciences the always implied accuracy, common sense and even elementary ethics when introducing new concepts.

1. Careful work with concepts and terminology

More or less disciplined and competent work with terms and concepts, in my opinion, assumes that you

I will touch on two terms - “end-to-end technology” and “information modeling” - and I will immediately say that today’s promoters of the concepts behind these terms, ASCON and NEOLANT, respectively, are real and deserved leaders of the domestic engineering software market. This is not about doubts about their leadership, this is about my doubts about the correctness and/or accuracy of the definitions and uses of the two above-mentioned concepts. Even more precisely: I want to figure out what is what, and I will be glad if readers help me with this.

2. How does ASCON's end-to-end technology (ST) relate to PLM?

The end-to-end turn of ASCON is discussed in sufficient detail in the website given to the portal by Sergey Evsikov. The interview states that " ASCON's large customers need end-to-end automation of engineering processes. A separate CAD tool, even the most remarkable one, is not enough for them; they need an integrated PLM system" From this statement I am trying to draw a pleasant conclusion: large domestic customers have grown to a systematic approach, which they, together with ASCON, expect to implement using PLM or some version (part of it?), called end-to-end technology. My hypothesis is supported by the interviewer with his phrase “ end-to-end PLM integration”, which is not denied by S. Evsikov’s answer. One of the illustrations, in which the components of the CT are nested in a circle called the Life Cycle of a Product, strengthens my hypothesis (as well as all the other relevant drawings in this interview):

On the other hand, the thought arises that if the detailed and well-developed illustrations coming from the undoubtedly qualified specialists of the market leader do not mention PLM, then the leader still means something significantly different... However, Sergey says, What " end-to-end 3D technology is a modern trend", from which I conclude: ST3D is not an invention of ASCON. If we were talking about a scientific article, after the words “this is a modern trend” there would certainly be links confirming this statement: at least I should look for them on the Internet...

To begin with, I came across some exotic “Great Encyclopedia of Oil and Gas”, which pleased me with an amazing definition: “ End-to-end design is a process that eliminates the boundary between the stages of dynamic synthesis of a system, i.e. synthesis of mathematical models of the control law and the stage of (transputer) implementation of this law" I do not provide a link to protect the psyche of readers. I will also omit the link to the article (2010), which says that “ Based on a 3D model, it is possible to use end-to-end design technology... This technology allows you to link together all stages of development and production of products... According to the American National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA), the use of end-to-end design allows you to:..." and then there are funny estimates of how the joint venture is effective at different stages of the life cycle (from 5 to 90%!): of course, there are no links. I find some other not very clear references to ST from about fifteen years ago...

Finally, on the website of the magazine “Equipment and Tools” I see a very rich article “End-to-end 3D technology of ASCON” (2013) by ASCON managers, which says: “ The domestic implementation of the ideology and principles of the concept of PLM technologies has become the ASCON end-to-end 3D technology, which meets the main condition for the existence of the methodology - complete integration and interaction of all components" Very good and pleasant! (True, I would like to ask whether, for example, TFLEX-PLM+ or Lotsia® PLM are also domestic implementations of the ideology and principles of the concept of PLM technologies, but it doesn’t matter to me here). In general, the article is very informative, and it’s all the more disappointing that it did not receive any reader questions or comments: in order to correct this injustice, I suggest that the authors of the article and ASCON marketers publish on the website a slightly updated version of this article, which since the mentioned publication has become even more relevant.

From everything we have seen, we can conclude that ST/SP should be quite well known in the English-speaking world. However, a search using the term “Straight-Through 3D Technology” taken from Ascon’s article leads only to this article itself, and I could not find other English prototypes or analogues of ST/SP. I will be grateful to readers for their help.

It turns out that the ASCON specialists, whom I deeply respect, are not very careful, in the sense of what was stated above in section 1, and are not very far-sighted with terminology. I especially regret the inconsistency with paragraph 2b, since its consistent implementation, in my opinion, would bring significant methodological and marketing benefits to ASCON (including abroad), and would also contribute to the development of a reliable development strategy for the announced direction.

I'll try to formulate my hypothesis. It appears that end-to-end technology is a precursor to PLM, which was one of the first ideas for integrating engineering design tools that did not include many of the components and techniques of the full-fledged PLM that subsequently emerged. At the same time, narrowing the scope of consideration and better (compared to non-CAD components) technological sophistication and logical connectivity of CAD components made it possible to bear in mind relatively closer integration, data separation, communication, etc. Apparently, the revival and refinement of end-to-end technology has become reasonable today due to the development of PLM itself (including methods of joint and distributed data processing), due to the development of the engineering components themselves and their interfaces, as well as the development of some large domestic clients who have already grown to understand the need to acquire and implement complex integrated systems, but have not yet matured to rebuild their business based on organizing a full-fledged controlled digital interconnection of all its (business) components, which (restructuring and interconnection) is the essence of PLM.

I would recommend presenting end-to-end technology, clearly positioning its place in the space of processes, components and PLM methodology, in particular, emphasizing not just integration and complexity, but a focus on joint and distributed (not necessarily sequential) processing of shared data. A clear PLM positioning does not prevent you from including special security tools in your solution if they are fundamentally necessary for some clients. I can’t imagine how without this it will be possible to clearly tell (of course, if you want) the world community about this ASCON course, for example, at the same COFES or on Ralph Grabowski’s blog. However, it is clear that “end-to-end technology” and “this is something even better than the KOMPAS-3D you already justifiably love” sounds much more attractive to the ears of some important clients than, for example, the import-substituting PLM 0.5

3. How does NEOLANT information modeling (IM) relate to BIM and PLM?

As already mentioned, I was not able to find an English-language analogue or prototype for end-to-end technology, but it is impossible to imagine that the phrase “information model” would not turn out to be encyclopedic, fundamentally general and, of course, having a clear international meaning (at the level of its generally accepted use!). That’s right: English-language Wikipedia, in its extensive article with many links, says that “ An information model (IM) in the software industry is a representation of concepts and relationships, constraints, rules and operations that specify the data semantics of a particular subject area... An IM provides a shared, stable and clearly organized structure of information requirements or knowledge in the context of that subject area».

On the NEOLANT website we read “ According to NEOLANT experts, an information model (IM) is a database in which information about a real-world object is consolidated and integrated. Contains 3D models, object passports, documentation archive and other information on objects in a structured and interconnected form. An information model is a digital prototype of an object, in which each of its elements is uniquely defined and their logical relationship is ensured. It is the structure and designated relationships that are the main features of the information model».

Having made sure that NEOLANT experts, in general, agree with Wikipedia, I read further. " A real-world object is understood as an industrial enterprise/civil structure/city or part thereof - a separate building, system, equipment" Aha, I think, since we are talking about a concentration of data and knowledge about structures, their parts or their entirety that allows for effective modeling, then this is BIM! However, I could not find such a word or any Russian decoding of it in NEOLANT’s explanations of what IM is. True, in one of the comments to the article “,” an erudite reader explains: “... we can say that “information modeling” is a more universal concept, which, if necessary, can be classified, based on the goals achieved and tasks solved, into various types: PLM, BIM, ERP, asset management, office work, economics, etc. P." There is not the slightest doubt that IM is a (much) more universal concept: some general cultural training, Wikipedia, and, for example, the article “Information Modeling” in the “Encyclopedia of Computer Science Teachers” - in my opinion, an excellent article , combining breadth, scientific and methodological literacy, clarity, rich illustrativeness and simplicity of language; This is an article we should all read carefully.

Introductory drawing in an article for computer science teachers

Given this kind of encyclopedic presentation, with all the deepest respect for the practical achievements of NEOLANT, it is difficult for me to understand how the company can position itself as a world leader in information modeling...

Further, the NEOLANT website notes: “ Today in the global expert community there is debate about the concept of an information model, and it is not surprising - after all, this area continues its rapid growth, the limits of which have not yet been defined. NEOLANT has developed its own concept of information modeling and, based on it, offers the implementation of real application solutions" There are no references to disputes about the concept of IM, and, in my opinion, there cannot be any, since, outside the philosophy and methodology of science, disputes about what is commonly called information modeling are hardly possible today.

The quoted introductory article by NEOLANT, to which the company tirelessly refers, ends with the table “Typology of information models. Types of recommended digital models depending on the objectives of the enterprise.” This table seems to me quite promising from a methodological point of view: indeed, with all the, undoubtedly, always and everywhere existing, subtle features of each enterprise and its tasks, types of enterprises and classes of tasks to be solved must be visible and specified with sufficient accuracy. (Complete chaos that appears to the observer always reflects the observer's lack of knowledge.) Therefore, the attempt at classification undertaken by NEOLANT can only be welcomed and serve as an example for all vendors and integrators. Another thing is that in this nice table, again, BIM is not mentioned at all (!), and PLM is indiscriminately classified as a technology, which is fundamentally incorrect.

And in this case, I want to formulate my hypothesis-diagnosis. NEOLANT has (a) enviable access to large integration, service and consulting orders in the rich sphere of the domestic market (public sector, oil and gas, nuclear and thermal energy) and (b) mutually beneficial partnership with a number of the world's largest vendors in the field of PLM, BIM and ERP . Apparently, solving many problems of NEOLANT customers (for objective or subjective reasons) requires the integration of different genre solutions from different vendors. In such conditions, there is often a need for one or another integration of PLM, AEC, ERP elements and the development of additional auxiliary modules. I suspect that with a methodologically competent definition and use of the term BIM, this concept could quite reasonably unite all the solutions used and integrated by NEOLANT. However, since today at the mass level it is often practically “we say BIM, we mean ArchiCAD or Revit or ...”, it is not surprising that NEOLANT is very limited in the specificity of this term.

In order to break out of the instrumental framework of a narrowly understood BIM, NEOLANT chose, from my point of view, a methodologically naive solution: to pretend that BIM has nothing to do with the company and to call its activities an extremely general term, which, from the point of view of any educated person, refers to encyclopedic concepts and cannot have an alternative interpretation in a particular niche of a particular industry. They would call it, say, Neol-BIM, H-BIM+, or, if you are shy about BIM, NEOL-3D modeling, and you would boldly call yourself world leaders in it.

4. Conclusions

In general, the manipulation of terms and concepts without their honest, unambiguous and qualified correlation with the system of concepts and knowledge accumulated by the culture of mankind seems similar to choosing the so-called special path without taking into account the gigantic world and one’s own historical experience (either due to illiteracy, or considerations of political marketing): such a choice can bring tactical success, but strategically, as the same experience shows, it is ineffective and a dead end.