The place and role of social services in the development of the social sphere. The need to provide social services by local governments. Foreign experience in providing social services. Analysis of the implementation of social services in the field of healthcare and education.

	To download work you need to join our group for free In contact with. Just click on the button below. By the way, in our group we help with writing educational papers for free. A few seconds after checking your subscription, a link to continue downloading your work will appear.
	Free estimate
	Promote originality of this work. Bypass Antiplagiarism.
	REF-Master- a unique program for independent writing of essays, coursework, tests and dissertations. With the help of REF-Master, you can easily and quickly create an original essay, test or coursework based on the finished work - Social Services. The main tools used by professional abstract agencies are now at the disposal of abstract.rf users absolutely free of charge!
	How to write correctly introduction? Secrets of the ideal introduction of coursework (as well as essays and diplomas) from professional authors of the largest essay agencies in Russia. Find out how to correctly formulate the relevance of the topic of work, define goals and objectives, indicate the subject, object and methods of research, as well as the theoretical, legal and practical basis of your work.
	Secrets of the ideal conclusion of a thesis and term paper from professional authors of the largest essay agencies in Russia. Find out how to correctly formulate conclusions about the work done and make recommendations for improving the issue being studied.

(coursework, diploma or report) without risks, directly from the author.

Similar works:

01/8/2009/test work

Boundaries of social groups. Social aggregates: concepts and types. Social classes and social strata, their characteristics. Specifics of the concepts audience and public. Etymological concepts. Patterns of behavior and social norms. Political public sphere.

26.11.2009/test work

The concept of national security, its structure and state at the present stage. Models of state policy in the field of security. The role of civil society in strengthening national security. Risks of safe development in the context of globalization.

11/19/2009/abstract

Social portrait of a modern Russian entrepreneur. The impact of government regulation on the informal economic order. Corporate social partnership as a technology of personnel management. Social support for employees.

01/16/2010/abstract

A systematic approach to characterizing the processes of implementing social responsibility standards in Ukraine based on the principles of the UN Global Compact. The idea of ​​corporate social responsibility. The main elements of a typical organization management scheme.

7.06.2010/abstract

Social guarantees in the field of employment. Material benefits included in the social package. Guarantees when transferring an employee to another permanent lower-paid job, additional social guarantees. Guarantees and compensation for the unemployed, unemployment benefits.

02/25/2003/abstract

What is a social group? Forms of social communities and social control. Role, structure, factors of functioning of social groups. Group dynamics. Methods of communication in groups of five members.

07/27/2009/abstract

The concept of social groups: forms of interaction between people, their united social position. Classification of groups by size and relationship. Common features: social interaction, stigma, identification, habitualization. Social status and role.

3.12.2007/lecture

Social activities and social groups: behavior, social actions, interactions. Social stratification. Social inequality: causes, significance. Essence, characteristics, functions of social institutions. Social organization and management.

06.29.2010/test work

Social action and behavior as a manifestation of social activity, types of interaction. Social groups, their typology, structure, factors and features of their functioning. The concept and theories of social organization, its organizational structures.

03/16/2010/test work

Primary and secondary, internal and external, formal and informal, reference social groups. Dynamic characteristics of social groups, main features and functions of group community. Groups as objects of socio-psychological analysis.

09.21.2009/test work

The concept of sociology and its place in the system of sciences, main functions and purpose in society. Methods and stages of sociological research. Prerequisites and process of development of civil society, its structure and main components, differences from “uncivil” society.

A certain stage in the provision of social services is called the 60s of the 20th century, when this area developed especially rapidly. This period was characterized by intensified industrial development, accelerated urbanization and population movements. In many countries of Europe and America, the possibilities for providing social services have been significantly expanded, and the network of treatment, rehabilitation and educational institutions has been expanded.

his essentially the whole sphere provision services in the social sphere has become an institution operating in the system of social relations - the satisfaction of collective interests, that is, the protection of the interests of the entire society as a whole, at the same time does not infringe on the interests of an individual. The provision of social services is closely related to such concepts as the well-being of individuals and society. This concept in its most general form can be formulated as an attempt to create a society in which each member would have the opportunity to realize their needs, would develop in accordance with the values ​​​​accepted by this society, and would be protected by this society from social and natural disasters. Any modern industrialized state has a socially oriented economic policy, which is implemented by state, public, and private institutions.

At the end of the 80s, due to the economic crisis, the approach to developing the social services sector changed somewhat. The emphasis is on the socio-ideological model that was proposed by liberal-conservative politicians, in particular the transition to a mixed form of providing social services, most of which must be paid for by the citizens themselves. Despite criticism regarding inefficiency and unprofitability for a market economy, none of the modern official politicians, both in the West and in the East, is going to (or rather, is not able to change the opinion that the development of social services is actually a stabilizer of social life, and their development is the key to improving the quality of life of people. Otherwise, modern society will lose signs of civilization, conditions for stable social development. Solving current problems and meeting needs. How personal and social gives rise to new needs, new problems, and, moreover, usually more complex and less solvable by traditional methods.

The sphere of provision of social services is internally contradictory: on the one hand, it is oriented to existentially help the individual, stimulates his individualization, and on the other hand, it does not contradict the social policy of the state and maintain social order in society.

In the scientific literature, highlighting foreign experience, various economic models (they can be considered marketing) for meeting social needs are distinguished - Anglo-Saxon (or neo-American) and Rhenish. For both models, social standards for the level and quality of life of an individual and society as a whole are guidelines for socio-economic development. The market economy with its certain advantages is only the path to satisfying human social needs. This approach was developed by German scientists in the middle of the 20th century and implemented in Germany in the form of the “German economic miracle.” Then other states joined this understanding of economic processes. The advantages of this approach lay in its basic principles: reliance on the law and guarantees of respect for rights for all business entities and all segments of the population; equal opportunity for free employment, realization of labor and intellectual potential, and provision of one’s social needs on this basis; the general responsibility of all members of society for its well-being, with the joint concern of all members of society for those who are not yet or no longer working, based on a developed system of social protection; the responsibility of the state for developing and observing rules of behavior in the market, preventing the destructive actions of market forces (unemployment, crisis, inflation, confrontation between rich and poor); recognition of the social partnership system as the main mechanism for achieving social cohesion and peace; orientation towards the preservation and development of the cultural, moral and spiritual heritage of the people.

However, these principles, implemented in different regions and countries, have acquired their own special forms. Under such circumstances, a need arose for a concept that could accommodate originality, without losing the universality of the principles that are being implemented. This became the concept of a “marketing model”.

The marketing model reflects various historical, geographical, demographic, ethnic values ​​and other characteristics of different countries, but the criteria for approaching such a model is the priority in the general state policy of social tasks that ensure: social sustainability and the absence of social conflicts in the country (region); the share of the population below the poverty line and does not exceed the unemployment rate; unemployment rate not exceeding the “natural” level (up to 5%); differentiation of the population by income at the natural-economic level (decile differentiation coefficient at a level not higher than 1:10); Life expectancy in the country exceeds the world average. Taking these aspects into account, the first model includes the states of North America and Great Britain, and the second, the “Rhine” model, includes Germany, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden and other countries. In addition, it should be noted that the social direction of the service sector is not so much a tribute to humanism, society and its problems, but rather an objective and more urgent need. This need at the stage of industrial development was determined by the fact that the main actors of the economic process - employers (owners of the means of production) were forced to understand and admit that without satisfying social needs in full, without providing high-quality social services to other subjects - hired workers - they cannot simply unable to realize its main interest - profit maximization.

In addition, the economy of the XX-XXI centuries. is the economy of intelligence and smart technologies. Wealth comes from the mind, not from machines - this is the new paradigm and the new reality of the economy, this is the “salt” of the new economy. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly clear that employers need to seek and multiply, first of all, the intellectual resource of their enterprise, “company” and the economy as a whole. And this resource is formed, unlike machine tools, not by the economy, but by society. The entire economy, thus, becomes dependent on the quality and intelligence of human resources (and the main one!), and therefore becomes interested in the development of the provision of social services.

The division into non-American and Rhenish models of providing social services is quite conditional, because we are talking about a model of social policy instrumentation, various forms of implementation of the concepts of public and social welfare. And natural cycles of economic fluctuations make their own adjustments to the provision of social services to the population. Over the past decades, the social policy of most European countries, starting with G. Reagan in the USA and M. Thatcher in the UK, has been aimed at either maintaining the same level or even increasing the gap between the poor and the rich. The problem of employment and its relationship with social services has become especially acute in Sweden, Canada, Spain, India and the USA.

The economic crisis caused many Western European countries to return to conservative social policies; the concept of the "welfare state" was effectively abandoned in Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Israel and other countries. The new social policy minimized society's responsibility for the existence of individual social problems and was aimed more at meeting the individual needs of “weakened” groups of the population, rather than improving the quality of life of all its citizens.

The direction of social services depends largely on tradition. For example, the tradition of individualism and its antipode, the tradition of cooperation, has given rise to different perceptions of models for meeting social needs in the USA and Sweden. Traditions of kinship and kinship ties are characteristic of most social service delivery systems, but in some countries, especially those (Iran, China, India), they are basic in their organization. For example, social services in private hospitals, sanatoriums and private home care for elderly people are a common practice in developed Western countries and are not yet indicative in Asian countries, where older people traditionally have high authority in the system of family ties and care for them - it is a matter exclusively of the family, and not of individual organizations or institutions.

In all countries of the world, with the exception of (Sweden, Finland, Iceland), the social service system is financed almost on a residual basis. Currently, a mixed model for the provision of such services is widespread in countries around the world: in Germany, France, Sweden, Canada, Brazil, public, non-governmental, non-profit and private social services operate complementary to each other; In the USA and Great Britain, priority in the field of social services belongs to public, private and commercial services, the number of which is constantly increasing.

As already noted, the state’s social policy determines the priority areas of social services and is the actual implementation of social aspirations and social interests of groups and individuals. These priorities change depending on the specific conditions of the socio-economic development of a particular state.

Thus, in Germany, the core of the understanding and provision of social services is the sociality of the state, the concept of which arose after the Second World War and which is understood as the state’s concern for “giving economic reality a human face and social justice.” It should be noted that social policy in the Constitution is recreated “not in the merciful popularity of a certain charity, but appears as a result of the care of the social state.” By the way, this meant a radical return in the understanding of social policy in general in the history of various countries of the world.

The state's concern for meeting human needs is reflected in the idea of ​​competition as conscientious market competition. This policy is enshrined in a number of laws: anti-cartel laws, trademark laws, patent laws, prevention of unfair competition, product quality guarantees, etc. An integral part of the German social policy model is strong legal protection for employees. And above all this tariff autonomy. The German Constitution contains general provisions on freedom of choice of profession and workplace and also guarantees the freedom to conclude tariff agreements. This means tariff autonomy, which is associated with the absence of direct government intervention in agreements regarding management and working conditions. In accordance with the Law on Tariffs and some other legislative acts, the subjects of tariff agreements are trade unions and employers or their associations. In the event that there are no such agreements, the Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Security determines tariff conditions that are mandatory for everyone, and on the basis of this, a mandatory “tariff salary” is determined for all workers in the industry.

The Labor Law provides for the provision by the state of retraining and advanced training services. Such measures mean the participation of the state in the formation and accumulation of human capital, and through it contribute to the growth of the worker’s standard of living.

Compulsory social insurance is a guarantee of receiving the necessary social services. In the German model, this includes: pension insurance, sickness insurance, unemployment insurance, as well as a minimum of social assistance.

Social services are provided in Austria according to the principles of the Rhineland model.

One of the most progressive social systems was founded in this country. All workers and their families are insured against risks; the social balance between childless and families with children is carried out through unified insurance to this day.

The General Law on Social Insurance secured the social rights of workers. With the adoption of the law, three most important tasks were completed: the codification of social law, its “austrification” after the period of National Socialist domination and occupation, and, finally, a number of improvements to the already achieved conditions, for example, the freedom to choose a doctor, the thirteenth salary and a salary supplement for pensioners .

In the 50s, there was an urgent reform of social services for older people. This meant that these institutions needed to find a new model in serving these people. Examples for the reorganization were Danish and Swedish nursing homes, where residents received their own housing. In 1960, the board of trustees of the Vienna retirement homes was founded. In 1997, the retirement homes were renamed senior housing. With the participation of social services, older people have the opportunity to stay in their homes longer. In addition, aid stations have appeared in these institutions.

A progressive marketing approach to meeting the social need for housing has turned the Austrian capital, Vienna, into the largest and most successful public housing owner in Europe.

By the end of the 19th century, the working class population lived in barracks for a time in absolutely unacceptable conditions. To solve the problem, at the turn of the century, attempts were made to build the first residential buildings for workers. In order to end poverty in overcrowded neighborhoods, the local council adopted a five-year housing construction program for the first time on September 21, 1923, which provided for the construction of 25 thousand apartments using tax revenues.

In modern conditions, priority is given to the construction of so-called “superblocks” with such integrated facilities for collective use as centralized laundries, kindergartens, antenatal clinics, public libraries, halls for events and meetings, workshops, retail premises and consumer cooperatives. All this, of course, had strong political motives, which made it possible to build about 65 thousand new apartments over ten years.

Today, 5 thousand new apartments are being built annually, and old ones are being renovated. These measures are not so much aimed at improving the quality of life, but rather represent an important factor that helps solve the problem of employment: construction work carried out in Vienna can additionally create more than 20 thousand jobs per year.

In one other large city in Europe there is no such ratio between the supply of apartments and the number of residents as in Vienna and, probably, it is for this reason that rents for housing in Vienna do not exceed the European average. The introduction of general government benefits to cover rental costs allowed the city to take an important step towards social justice. Families living in rented apartments and houses can receive government assistance. In total, about 62 thousand Viennese families receive rental assistance and assistance for young families.

Of the 1.6 million inhabitants living in Vienna, one in four lives in communal housing. In total, there are about 220,000 communal apartments in the capital. Thus, the city is the largest "house management" in Europe. Every year about 10 thousand communal apartments are distributed in Vienna. Since 1994, approximately a third of the apartments (68,842 apartments) have been rebuilt. More than half of these communal buildings were built between 1994 and 2005. were repaired and improved; if we speak in numbers, then we are talking about 2,522 houses with 122 thousand apartments. Rehabilitation costs amounted to €2.9 billion. In total, almost €5 billion (4.829 billion) have been invested in modern housing construction in Vienna since 1994.

In the future, Vienna will also offer assistance to all those in need.

In 2000, approximately 41,700 people received social assistance in Vienna. Four years later, more than 75,700 people received assistance, that is, 82% more! This number continues to grow, and the number of people who, in addition to low income (unemployment benefits, pensions, etc.) receive social assistance, is disproportionately increasing. This situation is primarily associated with the growth of unemployment (especially long-term unemployment) and the aggravation of the social situation in the federal sphere.

A turning point in the field of social security in Vienna can be considered the inclusion in the “Vienna Social Fund” of such areas as care for the elderly, assistance to the disabled, and the homeless, which was implemented during the tenure of the Councilor for Health and Social Welfare Renate Brauner.

With the help of the "Social Fund Vienna" and the magistrate's departments, optimal organizational structures have been created to ensure that high social standards are maintained in Vienna in the coming years.

In the future, ubiquitous social centers will completely replace the current social departments and social work offices. The new institutions offer both financial assistance (social assistance) and personal assistance (counseling, social services and social work). At the moment, Vienna's social centers help about 48,000 citizens, that's 31.5 thousand households. Additionally, the “Service Department of Social Services” itself offers prompt assistance and information on obtaining social assistance for all people with financial problems.

Every year, about 22 thousand residents of Vienna use outpatient social services. The type and scope of social services depends on individual needs. Based on an outpatient approach, there is active support for older people in the city, which allows them to stay in their immediate environment for as long as possible and live in their own apartment.

To ensure that people in need or their loved ones can easily obtain information about service conditions, there are eight health and social support centers in Vienna. Every year, about 30 thousand information and consulting services are identified, as well as about 4.5 million individual services, ranging from home care to food delivery.

The competent center for all social service offerings in Vienna is the new central service center "Reception in care homes" on Gulgasse. This service provides easy access to all private and city care and social care institutions.

Seven public centers and eight private centers are an important part of the social services for older people in Vienna, so that they can stay in their familiar environment for as long as possible. In this way, the excessive burden on loved ones involved in caring for them is also removed. The day centers serve approximately 350 Viennese residents every day.

Certified health and nursing professionals provide home-based services to sick and disabled people of all ages. This service is free for 28 days from the date of the doctor’s prescription. If there is a need to care for a patient for a period of time that goes beyond this period, then financing does not come from social insurance, but according to fixed tariffs. Based on the new rules, all residents of Vienna have the same criteria for access to home care services, and, in addition, the high quality of this type of service is guaranteed.

International experience in the provision of social services convincingly demonstrates that all countries are characterized by common strategic problems of social development, which are solved differently in each country, and the current system of marketing social services is the key to social well-being and high living standards of society. The social institution of marketing social services is a necessary, integral part of the social structure of modern society, no matter what level of socio-economic development it is at.

Social services 1 for elderly and disabled citizens are activities to meet the needs of these citizens for social services that are provided to elderly and senile citizens at home or in specialized state and municipal institutions.

Social services include a set of social services (care, catering, assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological and natural types of assistance, assistance in vocational training, employment, leisure activities, assistance in organizing funeral services, etc.) that are provided for elderly citizens and disabled people at home or in social service institutions, regardless of their form of ownership.

Activities in the field of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are based on the principles:

 respect for human and civil rights;

 provision of state guarantees in the field of social services;

 ensuring equal opportunities in receiving social services and their accessibility for elderly citizens and people with disabilities;

 continuity of all types of social services;

 orientation of social services to the individual needs of elderly citizens and people with disabilities;

 priority of measures for social adaptation of elderly citizens and disabled people;

 responsibility of state authorities, local governments and institutions, as well as officials for ensuring the rights of elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the field of social services.

Currently, several models of social services have developed in the Russian Federation, which were formalized by the Law of the Russian Federation of August 2, 1995. “On social services for elderly and disabled citizens.” According to this Law, the social service system is based on the use and development of all forms of ownership and includes the state, municipal and non-state social service sectors.

The state social service sector includes social service management bodies of the Russian Federation, social service management bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as social service institutions that are federally owned and owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The municipal social service sector includes local social service authorities and municipal institutions providing social services.

Municipal social service centers are institutions of the municipal social service sector, created by local governments in their subordinate territories and are under their jurisdiction.

Municipal social service centers carry out organizational, practical and coordination activities to provide various types of social services.

The tasks of the municipal social service center include: identifying old people in need of social support; provision of various social services of a one-time or permanent nature; analysis of social services for elderly people; involvement of various state and non-state structures in resolving issues of providing social, medical, social, psychological and legal assistance to elderly and elderly people.

An analysis of the main activities of municipal social service centers indicates that this model of social service is focused on working with elderly and elderly people. It has received the greatest distribution and recognition and is the most typical.

The non-state social service sector unites social service institutions whose activities are based on forms of ownership other than state and municipal, as well as persons engaged in private activities in the field of social services. The non-state social service sector includes public associations, including professional associations, charitable and religious organizations, whose activities are related to social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities.

Federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services have been developed.

The federal list of state-guaranteed social services is basic, determined by the Government of the Russian Federation and revised annually; At the same time, a reduction in the volume of social services guaranteed by the state is not allowed. Based on the federal list of social services, a territorial list is established, also guaranteed by the state. This list is approved by the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, taking into account the needs of the population living on the territory of this constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Elderly citizens (women over 55 years old, men over 60 years old) and disabled people (including disabled children) who need permanent or temporary assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently satisfy their basic life needs due to

limited ability to self-care and (or) movement have the right to social services provided in the state, municipal and non-state sectors of the social service system. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are carried out by decision of social protection authorities in institutions under their jurisdiction or under agreements concluded by social protection authorities with social service institutions of other forms of ownership.

When receiving social services, elderly and disabled citizens have the right to:

Respectful and humane attitude on the part of employees of social service institutions;

Selecting an institution and form of social services in the manner established by the federal social protection body and the social protection bodies of the population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Information about your rights, obligations and conditions for the provision of social services;

Refusal of social services;

Confidentiality 2 of personal information that became known to an employee of a social service institution during the provision of social services;

Protection of your rights and legitimate interests, including in court;

Obtaining information about the types and forms of social services, indications for receiving social services, rules for their payment and other conditions for the provision of social services.

Social protection of older people and models

Social protection of older people in modern socio-economic conditions is carried out in two main areas - social security and social assistance.

In accordance with current legislation, social security for elderly citizens is aimed at protecting their financial situation, providing cash and in-kind assistance, and strengthening the social service system for older people. In the Russian Federation, several models of social services for older people have developed and operate. Social service includes a set of social services that are provided to elderly citizens and disabled people at home or in specialized state and municipal institutions.

Main principles activities in the field of social services for older citizens are:

Providing state guarantees;

Ensuring equal opportunities to receive social services and their accessibility;

Continuity of all types of social services;

Orientation of social services to the individual needs of citizens;

Priority of measures for social adaptation, etc.
The most important models social services have become such as:

Social services at home;

Semi-stationary care in day care departments
(night) stay of social service institutions;

Stationary social services in boarding homes, boarding houses, etc.;

Urgent social services;

Social advisory assistance;

Providing living space in special homes for the elderly, etc.

Despite the variety of forms of social work in the field, it is already possible to identify the basic principles and forms of the formation of social services that deal with the problems of older people. This is the creation and development of social service centers of various types (day, week, temporary stay); organization of home-based services, paid and free (paid for those who live in families and who need temporary help); creation, on the basis of various forms of ownership, of centers for socio-psychological assistance, canteens for free food, a network of stores for selling goods at socially low prices; provision of benefits for social services and employment of older people. Night houses, social hotels, etc. began to open.

The predominant model of non-stationary social services is becoming centers for social services and rehabilitation of the disabled and elderly. Centers may have structure various departments of social services: departments of day care for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, emergency social assistance services, etc. tasks center includes:

Identification of the elderly and other persons in need of social support;

Determination of specific types and forms of assistance, provision of various social and everyday services of a one-time or permanent nature;

Analysis of social services for the population;

Involving various state and non-state structures in resolving issues of providing social, medical, social, psychological, and legal assistance to elderly people and other people in need.

The most important part of the center’s work is social services at home for lonely elderly people: purchasing and delivering food, providing medicines, organizing cleaning in the apartment, various social services and their payment (handing over linen to the laundry, clothes to be cleaned, insulation of window frames and doors and etc.), information and consultation, etc.

Social workers maintain contact with work collectives where their wards previously worked, ensure that they do not forget their former employees, provide assistance and show attention to them.

An analysis of the main activities of social service centers indicates that this model of social service, focused on working with older people, has become most widespread and recognized and is the most typical. However, it does not yet cover many categories of older people who feel the need for socio-psychological assistance, communication, socio-legal consultations, and adaptation to new conditions.

Such centers employ doctors, social workers, psychologists, lawyers, social rehabilitation specialists, etc.

Social services at home This is one of the main types of social work. Its main goal is to maximally prolong the stay of citizens in their usual habitat, support their personal and social status, and protect their rights and legitimate interests.

The main home-based services guaranteed by the state include:

Catering and home delivery of food;

Assistance in purchasing medicines and essential goods;

Assistance in obtaining medical care and escort to medical institutions;

Assistance in maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements;

Assistance in organizing funeral services and burial of lonely deceased;

Organization of various social services (housing repairs, provision of fuel, cultivation of personal plots, water delivery, payment of utilities, etc.);

Assistance in paperwork, including for the establishment of guardianship and trusteeship, exchange of housing, placement in permanent institutions of social protection authorities.

Social assistance departments at home, as a rule, are organized at municipal social service centers or local social welfare authorities.

Social services at home can be provided on a permanent or temporary basis (up to 6 months). The department is created to serve at least 60 pensioners and disabled people living in rural areas, as well as in the urban private sector that do not have public amenities, and in urban areas - at least 120 pensioners and disabled people.

Social services at home are provided free of charge, with partial payment or for full payment. Free services are provided, for example, to single elderly citizens and disabled people who do not receive a pension supplement for care or who have able-bodied relatives who are required to support them by law but live separately, as well as those living in families whose per capita income is below the minimum established for the region level.

Thus, the main activities of the department of social assistance at home are: identification and registration of pensioners and disabled people in need of service; provision of social, domestic and other necessary assistance at home; assistance in providing persons served with benefits and advantages established by current legislation.

More and more widely developed day care departments, also created on the basis of social service centers for the population. They are intended for everyday, medical, cultural services for pensioners and disabled people, organizing their recreation, attracting them to feasible work, and maintaining an active lifestyle. These departments are created in accordance with the law and serve at least 30 people. They enroll elderly and disabled people, regardless of their marital status, but who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, based on personal desire and medical conclusion.

In day care departments, premises are usually allocated for medical care, cultural work, workshops, and a library. Sleeping quarters for organizing recreation, a dining room, etc. are equipped. Pensioners and disabled people, as a rule, are served by the social assistance department free of charge.

Possible labor activity in specially equipped workshops or subsidiary farms is carried out under the guidance of an occupational therapy instructor and under the supervision of a medical worker. The products of subsidiary farms are usually used to provide food, and the surplus can be sold to obtain additional funds and credit them to the accounts of the central social service center.

By decision of the center’s management and the local administration, the day care department may also provide certain paid services: attendance at cultural and entertainment events, massage, manual therapy, hairdressing services, etc. Money received from these additional services is also transferred to the account of the Central Social Security Center and are allocated to its development, improvement of nutrition and services for pensioners and the disabled.

Thus, day (night) departments are a form of semi-stationary social service and play an important role in providing effective social support to lonely elderly people and disabled people.

In recent years, there has been increasing development emergency social assistance service, the main purpose of which is to provide emergency one-time assistance to elderly citizens and people with disabilities who are in dire need of social support.

Urgent social services include the following state-guaranteed services:

One-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need;

Providing clothing, footwear and basic necessities;

One-time provision of financial assistance;

Assistance in obtaining temporary housing;

Providing emergency psychological assistance, including via a “helpline”;

Providing legal assistance within its competence;

Providing other types and forms of assistance determined by regional characteristics.

The service's activities are based on cooperation with other government, public organizations and institutions, charitable foundations and individual citizens. Urgent social services are provided by these services on the basis of the Social Services Center.

As noted in the Regulations approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population of the Russian Federation, this service is intended, first of all, to provide immediate measures aimed at temporarily supporting the livelihoods of citizens in dire need of social support.

By developing and improving the activities of non-stationary institutions and social assistance services for the elderly and disabled, social protection authorities are constantly concerned about creating more comfortable conditions for the life of older people in inpatient institutions. Boarding houses provide the opportunity for the elderly and disabled to stay there not only permanently, but also temporarily (weekly and day stays). Mostly people entering boarding homes require constant care and have largely lost the ability to move. Here they are provided with medical care, a number of rehabilitation measures, work is carried out with them on socio-psychological adaptation to new conditions, their character traits, habits, interests, needs for feasible employment, wishes in organizing leisure time, etc. are studied. This weight is important for creating a normal moral and psychological climate, especially when settling people for permanent residence, to prevent possible conflict situations.

However, the functioning of boarding homes as one of the main inpatient forms of social services for the elderly is associated with a number of serious problems. Among them: the degree to which the need for boarding homes is met, the quality of service in them, the creation of accompanying conditions for living, etc. On the one hand, in a number of regions of the Russian Federation there is still a queue of elderly citizens wishing to enter inpatient social service institutions, on the other hand On the other hand, older people are increasingly showing a desire to live in their familiar home environment.

One of the new forms of social services is the development networks of special residential buildings for single elderly citizens and married couples with a range of social services.

In accordance with the approximate Regulations on a special home for single elderly people, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994, such a house is intended for permanent residence of single citizens, as well as married couples who have retained full or partial ability for self-care in everyday life and need creating conditions for self-realization of one’s basic life needs.

The main goal of creating such houses is to provide favorable living conditions and self-service; provision of social, domestic and medical assistance to elderly citizens living; creating conditions for an active lifestyle, including feasible work activity.

Special homes for single elderly people can be built either according to a standard design or located in converted separate buildings or in part of a multi-storey building. They consist of one- and two-room apartments and include a complex of social services, a medical office, a library, a dining room, food ordering points, laundry or dry cleaning, premises for cultural leisure and work activities. They should be equipped with small-scale mechanization to facilitate self-service for residents. At such houses, 24-hour control centers are organized, provided with internal communication with residential premises and external telephone communication.

Medical care for citizens living in these houses is carried out in accordance with the Regulations by the medical staff of territorial treatment and preventive institutions, and the organization of social, commercial and cultural services is carried out by the relevant territorial bodies and services. The Regulations clearly define the basic rules, requirements and conditions for the construction and provision of housing in special residential buildings for single elderly people, accommodation, payment, etc. It should be emphasized that, based on current legislation, citizens living in such houses are paid a pension in full. They have the right to priority referral to inpatient institutions of social protection authorities.

Special residential buildings for single elderly people and married couples- this is one of the ways to solve the complex task of providing social assistance, as well as a whole range of social problems of elderly citizens. There are still few such houses in Russia, but they are becoming increasingly recognized and developed.

One of the serious problems of general boarding houses, boarding houses and homes for war and labor veterans is that among the elderly, a significant proportion are people with short-term or persistent mental disorders and dementia. They complicate the lives of those living in the institution, provoke conflict situations, and disturb the peace in the team. This problem can be solved by introducing a psychiatrist to the staff of the boarding home.

“Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of testing and applying professional standards...”

Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and testing practice

and application of professional standards for education and social workers

Problems and prospects for introducing professional

standards for social workers in organizations

support for family and childhood in the social sphere of Moscow

Evsteshina O.I.

State Budgetary Institution "City Resource Center for Family and Childhood Support"

"Otradnoye", Moscow, Russia

The practical aspects of the implementation of professional standards in family and childhood support organizations of the Moscow Department of Labor and Social Protection of the Population, which carry out social preventive and rehabilitation work with families and children, are considered.

The main problems in the field of implementation of professional standards are noted and directions for their possible solution are indicated.

Key concepts: professional standards, social sphere, social services, family and childhood support organizations, social preventive and rehabilitation work with families and children.

The development, testing and implementation of professional standards is one of the priority tasks of the personnel policy of social service organizations. Currently, in Moscow, the process of transition to new professional standards is carried out in stages, taking into account the current regulatory framework, as well as social guarantees for workers.

However, a number of unresolved problems and contradictions remain, complicating the transition process and creating certain obstacles to their implementation in social service organizations.

Regulatory and legal basis for the activities of social service organizations The basis for creating a new system of support for family and childhood in the city.

Moscow received the following legal documents:

National Strategy of Action in the Interests of Children for 2012–2017 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 2012 No. 761);

The concept of state family policy in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025. (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 25, 2014 No. 1618-r);

Federal Law No. 442-FZ “On the fundamentals of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation”;

PART II

Federal Law No. 48-FZ “On Guardianship and Trusteeship” and Moscow Law No. 12 “On the Organization of Guardianship, Trusteeship and Patronage in the City of Moscow”;

Federal Law No. 120-FZ “On the fundamentals of the system for preventing neglect and juvenile delinquency”;

Moscow Law No. 34 “On social services for citizens in the city of Moscow”;

Strategy of the Moscow Government for the implementation of state policy in the interests of children “Moscow Children” for 2008-2017, approved by Decree of the Moscow Government of March 25, 2008 No. 195-PP;

Decree of the Moscow City Government No. 829-PP “On social services in the city of Moscow.”

After the introduction of Federal Law No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation,” the task of resolving existing and possible contradictions arising as a result of law enforcement practice was determined.

To solve this problem, a working group was created, which included practitioners, teachers from the State Autonomous Institution IDPO and the ANO “Council for Management and Development”. In each administrative district, focus groups were held among specialists, topical issues were formulated, which formed the basis for the development of methodological recommendations for organizing practical work with families and children in the context of the implementation of the Federal Law of December 28, 2014 No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services citizens in the Russian Federation." Thus, conditions have been created in Moscow to regulate various legal forms of support for family and childhood.

At the same time, there is the problem of organizing activities for social support of families, which is one of the important components of preventive work. Article 22 of Federal Law No. 442-FZ interprets social support as assistance in obtaining assistance not related to social services, which creates significant interference in the activities of organizations. In this regard, a new package of proposals was developed regarding social support for families with children to amend the federal law of November 28, 2015 No. 358-FZ “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law” On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation."

These provisions directly concern specialists working in social service organizations and dictate direct actions to clarify their labor functions.

Organization structure

Within the framework of one social service organization related to the field of family and childhood support, various areas can be implemented. Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of testing and applying professional standards for educational and social workers. The latter, in turn, make it possible to establish the structure of the organization. Organizations of this kind provide the entire range of types of social services and types of preventive work, excluding home care, which are regulated by current legislation (FZ-442, FZ-120, Moscow City Law No. 12).

In accordance with this, divisions can be created within the structure of organizations in the field of family and childhood support, the activities of which reflect all stages of work with children and families and take into account the main categories.

Possible names of such units.

1. Department of social support for families and children (early prevention of family dysfunction) - provides such an area of ​​activity as working with families at the stage of a potential risk of family dysfunction.

2. Department of social prevention (day care department) - provides individual preventive work for minor recipients of social services and their families (children and families in difficult life situations).

3. Department of social rehabilitation (where there is a hospital) - provides comprehensive social rehabilitation of minors belonging to the categories of homeless, street children, children in a socially dangerous situation.

4. Department of social rehabilitation of disabled children - provides comprehensive social rehabilitation aimed at increasing the social competence of recipients of social services.

5. Department of Social Diagnostics (department for identifying child and family problems) - provides work on the territory for the purpose of early detection of child and family problems.

6. Department of support for foster families (if there is the status of an authorized organization in this area of ​​activity) - provides training for foster parents and subsequent social support for children under guardianship/trusteeship.

Changing approaches to the formation of personnel policies of social service organizations in connection with the introduction of professional standards A professional standard is a document containing, in accordance with Article 195.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (LC RF), a description of professional skills, experience, abilities and knowledge necessary for the implementation of a certain type of professional activities that describe, in accordance with the layout, the content of specific labor functions, ranked by skill levels depending on the complexity and responsibility of the work performed, in accordance with which the labor function is assigned to the employee.

PART II

In the social sphere, on January 1, 2015, professional standards in the social sphere came into force, which can be applied in the field of working with families and children.

These include:

- “Head of a social service organization”;

- "Social worker";

- “Social work specialist”;

- “Specialist in working with families”;

- “Specialist in rehabilitation work in the social sphere”;

- “Psychologist in the social sphere.”

Amendments have been made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, according to which, in terms of presenting requirements for the qualifications of workers, professional standards are subject to application from July 1, 2016.

These positions relate to the core staff of social service organizations, who provide social services and carry out individual preventive work. These positions comply with OKVED 85.30 (provision of social services).

In addition to these specialists, the functions of providing social services may be assigned to the following employees.

1 Educator At the moment, the educator belongs to the nomenclature of positions of teaching staff, i.e. may be in organizations engaged in educational activities.

Currently, a working group has been created to develop, test and implement a new professional standard “Educator in the social sphere”. The proposed new position is not entitled to social benefits, labor rights and guarantees associated with the status of a teaching worker (working hours, vacation), and also, according to the new remuneration systems, this position is not included in the qualification professional group for remuneration, in which previously included teaching staff 2 Manager These positions belong to the section of the Unified Qualification Circle, cultural directory “Positions of specialists in the field of culture, organizer, art and cinematography.” At the same time, taking into account the presence of cultural and leisure activities in the company’s list of social services, it is possible to introduce these positions into the staffing table.

In the future, it is planned to organize cooperation between social sector organizations and cultural organizations to carry out this activity as corresponding to the type of economic activity in this area (outsourcing). Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of testing and applying professional standards for educators and social workers

–  –  –

To service the activities of social service organizations, it is necessary to have specialists, employees related to general industry positions, such as: accountant, human resources specialist, legal adviser, labor protection specialist, civil defense specialist, secretary, etc.

The presence of a medical service, including medical workers, is necessary if the organization has a hospital and a license for medical activities.

In connection with new requirements for the professional activities of social sector specialists, questions arise about the need for special measures to bring the job functions of employees into compliance with professional standards and other legal documents.

In 2015, the process of transition to new professional standards began, and a contradiction arose: on the one hand, social and pedagogical services are included in the list of departmental services and are in demand, and on the other hand, teaching positions are excluded from the staffing list of family and childhood support organizations , as well as Centers for the Promotion of Family Education (Table 1). This contradiction creates a limitation in the receipt of social and pedagogical services by children. At the same time, professional specialists are changing the length of the working week, which has become the same for all employees - 40 hours (previously: speech therapist - 18 hours, teacher - 30 hours, educational psychologist - 36 hours) and the duration of vacation (instead of 56 days - 28). At the same time, they perform the most complex social and pedagogical work, especially in hospitals.

The question of teaching positions in the social sphere and new professional standards is open and requires detailed consideration.

Issues arising in connection with the transition to new professional standards are considered by the heads of social service organizations consistently and taking into account the educational requirements for employees of social service organizations. The main ones are presented in table. 2, and the requirements are in table. 3.

PART II

–  –  –

However, not all organizations have the means to train or retrain their employees, which is an obstacle to a systematic and successful transition to new professional standards.

Comments regarding certain professional standards in connection with their implementation in family and childhood support organizations In accordance with the professional standard “Specialist in the field of rehabilitation work in the social sphere,” the employee’s labor function involves providing comprehensive rehabilitation assistance to vulnerable categories of the population. In social sphere organizations for minors, this function involves the socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical rehabilitation of minor recipients of social services, which includes: children with limited health and (or) disabilities, mental disorders, victims of participation in military conflicts, terrorist acts, after various types of accidents and disasters, victims of domestic, sexual and physical violence; children and teenagers - orphans; children and adolescents without permanent residence with various types of severe addiction (alcoholism, drug addiction and other addictions); minors in conflict with the law, on probation or in the penitentiary system.

This target group and the labor function of a specialist in rehabilitation work in the social sphere fully corresponds to the type of economic activity of social institutions and current legislation, and also meets the needs of minor recipients of social services that make up the contingent of social organizations. Requirements for the education of a specialist in rehabilitation work in the social sphere presuppose the presence of education in the following specialties: clinical psychology, special psychology, social pedagogy, special preschool psychology and pedagogy, as well as the presence of a special (defectological) education. In this regard, speech therapists (defectologists) of social organizations can be transferred to the position of specialist in rehabilitation work without undergoing additional professional education programs.

In connection with the alignment of the personnel policy of social organizations with the current legislation, the problem arose of maintaining the position of “educator” in the staffing table of organizations with stationary forms of service, given the absolute need to perform this labor function in organizations providing stationary forms of service to children and adolescents.

The labor function of a teacher involves social and pedagogical support, social education and social adaptation of children and adolescents, as well as ensuring the life activities of children and adolescents, aimed at their upbringing and socialization. Without performing such a function, rehabilitation work in institutions providing inpatient services to children and adolescents becomes deprived of an important component; the hospital becomes primarily a place of residence for children in situations of separation from their families. The professional standards of a social work specialist, a rehabilitation work specialist, a family specialist and a social psychologist do not require the performance of this function.

Resolution of this contradiction is possible if a draft of a new professional standard “Specialist in the field of education in the social sphere” (“Educator in the social sphere”) is developed with the submission of an application to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation.

Taking into account the current situation of discussion of this issue, it is currently proposed to leave the name of the position “educator” unchanged in social organizations providing inpatient forms of service until the end of 2016, until the issue of compliance of the labor function of the educator with current professional standards is resolved.

To illustrate the current situation in the field of personnel work, we provide an approximate staffing table for the family and childhood support center, indicating structural divisions and positions (Table 4).

One of the most pressing issues is the assessment of the qualifications of specialists from social service organizations, their certification or certification, as well as the educational programs necessary to develop the relevant competencies of specialists within the framework of existing professional standards. A number of issues remain that require additional consideration within the framework of special interdepartmental working groups.

Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of testing and applying professional standards for education and social workers

–  –  –

Note. The director of the institution, based on operational needs and in agreement with the Department, may, within the established payroll fund, introduce positions into the institution’s staff that are not provided for in the approximate staffing table, or introduce additional positions at the expense of appropriations allocated from the appropriate budget for these purposes.

“*” day care department “*” department for early prevention of family problems.

Literature

1. Letter of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated April 4, 2016 No. 14-0/10/B-2253 “Answers to standard questions on the application of professional standards” [Electronic resource] // Legal reference system “Consultant Plus” URL: http ://www.consultant.ru/ cons/cgi/onlne.cgi?req=doc&base=LAW&n=196694&div=LAW&dst=0%2C0&r nd=224476.5162589413920124 (accessed August 26, 2016).

No. 584 “On the specifics of the application of professional standards of part of the requirements mandatory for application by state extra-budgetary funds of the Russian Federation, state or municipal institutions, state or municipal unitary enterprises, as well as state corporations, state companies and business entities, more than fifty percent of shares (stakes) in the authorized capital of which is in the state's own Interdepartmental models for the provision of social and educational services and the practice of approbation and application of professional standards for workers in education and the social sphere or municipal property" // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, No. 27 (Part III), Art. 4484, 07/04/2016.

3. Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 18, 2014 No. 889n “On approval of recommendations for the organization of interdepartmental interaction of executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the provision of social services, as well as in assistance in the provision of medical, psychological, pedagogical, legal, social assistance not related to to social services (social support).”

4. Labor Code of the Russian Federation, December 30, 2001 No. 197-FZ (as amended on July 3, 2016) // Russian newspaper. 2001. 31 Dec. No. 256.

5. Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” (as amended on July 3, 2016) // Russian newspaper. 2012. 31 Dec. No. 303.

Organization of the transition to the professional standard of a teacher: experience and prospects (based on the material of the internship site of the Republic of Mordovia)

–  –  –

A description of the main results of testing the model of experimental implementation of the professional standard of a teacher in the conditions of the federal internship site of the Republic of Mordovia, created on the basis of the state budgetary institution of additional professional education “Mordovia Republican Institute of Education” for the purpose of implementation in 2014-2015 is presented. Federal target program for the development of education for 2011-2015. The features of the application of the qualification requirements stated in the professional standard of a teacher are revealed.

Mechanisms for involving representatives of the system of state-public education management (representatives of employers, consumers of professional associations, trade unions, teaching staff, experts, etc.) in the procedures for independent assessment of teachers’ competencies are considered. Preliminary results of applying the requirements of the professional standard of a teacher to the content of professional teaching activities in the education management system of the Republic of Mordovia are shown.

Key words: teacher, professional standard, certification, additional professional program, competence, audit.

Similar works:

2002. – 368 p.11. Solso, R. L. Cognitive psychology:...”

“Regulations on the All-Russian Correspondence Theoretical Olympiad “Musical Regatta” (in the subject “Musical Literature”) for students of children’s art schools 1. General provisions of the All-Russian Correspondence Theoretical Olympiad in the subject “Musical Literature” for students of children’s art schools (more...)

"State Pedagogical University, dedicated to the year of the teacher..."

“CONTENT Title of section Page TARGET SECTION 1. Explanatory note 1.1 3 Goals and objectives of the program, implementation deadlines. 1.2 3 Age and individual characteristics of children 1.3 4 preparatory to school age. Expected results of development..."

“State budgetary educational institution of additional pedagogical professional education, center for advanced training of specialists “Information and Methodological Center” of the Kolpinsky district of St. Petersburg. Considered by the Methodological Council, the director of the State Budgetary Educational Institution DPPO TsPKS IMC GBOU DPPO TsPKS IMC...”

“Analytical report on the results of innovative activities of the school - city pedagogical living rooms