Professions related to economics and finance: list. What professions are related to economics? Professions of the future in economics What professions are important in economics

Economics in the broad sense of the word is the basis of all social life. The world cannot exist without a financial basis. And therefore, professions related to money will always be in demand. Which ones do current graduates choose?

Economic professions. List and brief description

Their list is extensive. Specialists who have received an economic education have the opportunity to choose activities in the field of macro- or microeconomics, external finance, and in certain specialized industries. Let's look at the most common economic professions.

Perhaps the most common profession is a cashier. This concept unites a whole range of specialists, including cinema ticket cashiers and supermarket workers. Most of them do not require a higher education in finance to successfully work in their profession.

Strictly speaking, only cashier-operator and currency cashier can be classified as economic specialties. They work in a bank. The first of them conducts various banking operations, the second deals with currency exchange.

Both are part of a large galaxy of bank employees. The last concept is somewhat vague. A bank employee is a specialist with an economic education who is a bank employee. As a rule, each of them performs a specific operation, and specialization begins not during the training process, but directly during employment.

My dear accountant...

There are traditional economic professions, the list of which is headed, of course, by the most popular and sought-after specialist - an accountant. He records every business transaction of a company or enterprise in accordance with the law. He monitors the state of the organization’s finances, calculates taxes in a timely manner, and has direct contact on all financial issues with government agencies and company management. Without a representative of this profession it is impossible to imagine either a tiny enterprise or a reputable organization.

The term “professional accountant”, coined by the International Association of Accountants, implies not only this, but also other types of economic professions, which we will discuss below. There is a certain logic in this, since for all these specialists, as a rule, the basis of professional activity is accounting, to which other skills are subsequently added as their skill grows.

Who are an auditor and an economist?

An auditor in our country is a highly qualified accountant. His activity is auditing, that is, revision of financial statements and documents, and, among other things, consulting on the organization of accounting. In addition to a qualification certificate, an auditor requires serious professional experience. Of course, a university graduate cannot become one. And even after receiving a certificate, the auditor regularly improves his level in special courses.

People who have received a financial education are often called economists (all of them, regardless of specialization). But practically, an economist is an expert theorist on a wide range of issues related to money. He works mainly in the field of planning, studying, preparing and directing financial and economic activities. At enterprises, the job of economists is to develop and control budget execution and generate planned management reporting.

Financiers, traders, brokers

Economic professions also include the specialty of a financier. To simplify as much as possible, we can designate him as an investment specialist. That is, his area is financial transactions. This requires the ability to assess the balance of risk and possible return in order to make the optimal choice. Financiers are investors, bankers, traders. For example, the position of financial director involves a combination of responsibilities as an economist, financier and accountant.

Many economic professions are directly related to the huge and complex securities market. For example, brokers and dealers. The former play the role of intermediaries in the “seller-buyer” pair. The latter, at their own expense and on their own behalf, conduct transactions with securities. Economic security is a relatively new profession, but nevertheless very relevant today.

And other representatives

Of course, all economic professions presented above are not exhausted. Specialists of the same profile - commercial directors, marketers, tax inspectors, logisticians, collectors, analysts, estimators, stock brokers, credit consultants. Other professions in the economic sphere are customer service managers, insurance agents, sales representatives, freight forwarders, and commodity experts.

As you can see, the list is very wide. But there are many who want to fight for a place in the sun in this area. The competition between representatives of the mentioned specialties is very, very high. Those wishing to achieve success in this field will have to become in demand by constantly confirming their qualifications.

Who is this economist?

For example, consider such a popular profession today as an economist. She is invariably in high demand on the labor market. Its versatility allows it to occupy a position in almost any sector of the economy. Having professional economic knowledge, it is quite possible to start your own business, having calculated all the opportunities and risks in advance.

An economist is a jack of all trades in finance. The socio-economic profile of the profession allows such a specialist to be considered an expert on basic issues related to money. This group includes both scientists (theorists of economic science) and practitioners who carry out planning, management and direct research into the finances of an enterprise.

Thus, the economist can be considered one of the most important employees of the organization. His task is to skillfully and competently set priorities and pave the way to obtaining the greatest profits with a minimum of losses. The concept of economic security is closely related to its activities. The profession of an economist requires possession of optimal financial management skills in order to protect the enterprise from all possible financial risks.

Features of the profession

Historically, Aristotle is considered to be the first economist, who tried to disseminate theories of utility and value of various goods, their mutually beneficial exchange. Famous economists of our time include Adam Smith, Pyotr Struve, Karl Marx, Nikolai Bukharin, John Keynes, Yegor Gaidar.

The duty of such a specialist is to analyze the organization’s work from an economic point of view. The goal is to do everything possible to make this activity effective.

What exactly does an economist do? He improves the work of the enterprise and plans its stages. Calculates the need for personnel, establishes the procedure for wages and incentives for employees, takes into account the use of resources when determining costs and income, and controls all stages of economic activity.

About the pros and cons of the profession

First, about the advantages. The main one is high stable demand in the labor market. Due to its versatility, the profession offers a chance of employment in almost any field of the economy. A business opened by an entrepreneur with financial knowledge has minimal risk of loss.

Now about the disadvantages. The profession of an economist involves high responsibility. The financial condition of the entire enterprise depends on his competence and professionalism. Another serious disadvantage is the serious competition in the labor market associated with a large number of graduates with diplomas. Among other things, this profession implies the presence of such qualities as perseverance, accuracy, painstakingness, and the ability to pore over numbers every day.

Where does an economist work?

This specialty is in demand both in government institutions that manage economic issues (financial institutions, the Central Bank), and in manufacturing enterprises of any industry - agricultural, industrial, etc.

An economist can work in an educational institution (for example, teach economics as a subject), in private business enterprises - from small to large. Such specialists are especially in demand in the restaurant and hotel industries. They will be gladly accepted by any organization related to finance - insurance agencies, tax inspectorates, banks, various social funds.

An economist can devote himself to fundamental research in the field of finance. To do this, he must work at a research institute or at the Academy of Sciences.

Important qualities when choosing a profession

In addition to perseverance and a penchant for hard work, a serious economist needs high efficiency, well-developed memory and logic, the ability to concentrate and process large amounts of information.

Operative thinking and well-executed oral and written speech give him an advantage when presenting his own point of view and arguing for his chosen position. Of course, the essential qualities are organization, responsibility, and self-confidence. An active life position, a scientific mindset and a thirst for research are encouraged.

How to enter the profession

How to get an economic education? The profession of economist is taught in almost every university these days, including those in fields far from economics.

Many sectoral higher education institutions have economic faculties. There are them at the State Academy of Management, and at Moscow State University, and at the Higher School of Economics, and in many other serious and prestigious educational institutions in the capital.

Provincial universities are not far behind them. In each regional center, at least several institutions of higher education (both state and non-state) offer economic professions for study. Competition among applicants is invariably high. Obviously, in the public consciousness, socio-economic professions are a ticket to a comfortable life.

What is it really like?

This specialty can indeed provide a good level of well-being, but only under certain conditions. A message about the economic profession indicated in the diploma is unlikely to inspire the employer much in itself. He needs knowledge and experience. Graduates with a freshly received diploma will have to work hard to find a good job and start a career. The salary of a young specialist in the capital ranges from approximately $700 to $1,000 monthly. Having gained experience for a couple of years, such an employee can count on an income level of one and a half thousand of the same conventional units. At the same time, those wishing to receive a higher salary should pay attention to the banking sector and the construction industry.

How do you usually build your career? To gain experience, it is best for a young economist to get a job at a small enterprise at the beginning of his career. There he will have a chance to quickly become familiar with the realities of the economy both nationally and within an individual organization. From the very first days, yesterday's graduate will have to plunge into a full range of tasks and problems, which will give impetus to professional growth.

Career as an economist

In a large enterprise, the work of a young specialist, as a rule, is limited to a set of specific actions in some direction. At the same time, the growth of skills and professional experience occurs at a slower pace, and a specialist may never become a generalist.

The goal of a graduate of an economics university is to be confirmed as the chief economist of an enterprise, and subsequently as a financial director. Of course, the goal can be achieved only with high professional competence, good management skills and considerable work experience.

What are the economic professions? In order to choose the appropriate direction of study, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with what areas of economics exist and what the specifics of each of them are.

The section contains detailed descriptions of professions related to economics. This material will certainly help you make the right choice.

What are the features of the auditor's work? What will he have to do in the course of his professional activity and who is this job suitable for? Read on if you want to find out the answers to these and many other questions.

Banking is a specialty that is becoming increasingly widespread. This is not surprising, since the number of banks and banking organizations in our country is rapidly increasing.

The famous entrepreneur Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Corporation, began doing business at the age of 15. His first success was brought to him by the magazine project "Student", but Branson was never successful in his studies. Should you take the same liberties with your education if you plan to start your own business? Or will we leave geniuses their own special path - and we ourselves will combine business projects with quality training?

An accountant is a specialist that no self-respecting commercial organization can do without. That is why we can say with confidence that the accounting profession is in high demand today.

Commerce is perceived as an entrepreneurial activity. This concept is also interpreted as trade or trade-intermediary activity between the client and the manufacturer through the seller.

Studying markets, analyzing competitors, drawing up balance sheets and plans for promoting goods - this is what marketers do. Want to know more?

At the moment, the profession of manager is quite in demand. This can be explained by the fact that these specialists allow us to take the company to a new level of development.

Who is a sales manager? What does he do and what is he responsible for? What specialties and universities are best to study in? Find out everything about the profession and decide if it's right for you!

This profession is suitable for sociable people who are ready not only to earn money, but also to really help their clients identify all the market offers and make the best choice.

If the word “McDonald’s” makes you imagine not a hamburger, but a globe with yellow arches of the letters M scattered across it... If you look at the stands of currency exchange offices with more interest than pictures in magazines...

A merchandiser is an indispensable employee at any retail outlet. He knows everything about the products, and he definitely won’t let any defects appear on the shelves.

Financier is one of the most prestigious professions of our time. Specialists in this field of activity are highly valued, provided they are highly qualified. This is not surprising, since the goal of any commercial organization or enterprise is to increase capital. This is actually what financiers do.

Popular professions include financial analyst. These specialists are needed in various fields of activity, despite the fact that their profession is considered relatively young.

The profession of economist is one of the most popular among Russian applicants. It is believed that economic education provides additional career opportunities and is also in great demand in the labor market. Find out if this is really so and what an economist will actually have to do during his career.

If a Table of Ranks existed in our time, it would be much more complicated. After all, today it would have to include those who publicly assess the activities of their colleagues and the external situation. Indeed, experts would have to be included in the Table of Ranks of the 21st century.

Economists are different, but ideally all of them are sincerely interested in economic laws and are able to “calculate” the idea of ​​a particular business and imagine its implementation on the market. These attentive people are able to give a forecast of the future fate of the product with which they themselves work directly, and of the product that is accidentally discussed in a friendly conversation. If you are confident that such questions really fascinate you to a significant extent, then you are already close to choosing the right professional aspect, getting the appropriate education and testing your knowledge in practice.

In the world of economic professions, narrow areas of work are possible, but each such specialist - if he is a real professional - understands the importance of an entrepreneurial vision of the situation, high-quality financial analysis, competent marketing, clear accounting and logistics, and mutual understanding with technical specialists. A complex of such knowledge can help you find your own professional niche, determine what you need to study in order to gain a foothold in it, and in the future - successfully build work in collaboration with colleagues and organize effective communication with consumers.

Representatives of economic professions stand firmly on the ground and have a great sense of the material world. And modernity has also taught them to understand the new economy and the signs of a post-industrial society.

The basis of all state and public life is the economy. This is the basis that allows the development of culture and education, defense and medicine, public projects and social service. Without money, no sphere can exist. And they need planning, accounting, distribution and a huge documentation base.

A universal computer program has not yet appeared that allows one to completely replace a specialist in the field of economics. Therefore, professions belonging to this area are in demand always and everywhere. The demand for specialists is still at the proper level.

Today there are already quite a lot of economists. At the same time, thousands of young people are constantly entering universities who want to connect their lives with the financial sector. Any government agency, enterprises, private firms and public organizations need such specialists. This is why economic professions are so in demand.

Having received an education, you can choose a field of activity in micro- or macroeconomics, external finance, or become a specialist in a narrow profile - such people are highly valued on the labor market.

What types of professions are there in economics?

To better understand your own capabilities and the educational options offered, we present to your attention a list of the most common and necessary specialties related to finance.

• Cashier

Perhaps this is not the most prestigious profession in the field, but it is necessary and in demand. In order to become a cashier in a supermarket, theater or fitness club, a higher education is not required.

However, a candidate for the position of cashier-operator (conducts financial transactions) or foreign exchange cashier (specializes in currency exchange) will be asked for a diploma when applying for a job in a bank. These workers have an average salary for the industry, the opportunity to improve their skills and move up the career ladder.

• Bank employees

This is not a specialty as such. A bank teller is simply a bank employee. Since the range of activities of such organizations is quite wide, they need different employees, many of them are required. Most often, their orientation within the economic sphere is determined not during the education process, but during employment and then, directly during work.

• Accountant

No institution, even the smallest one, can do without this specialist. His duty is to take into account all business transactions directly or indirectly related to finance, in accordance with the law. An accountant is an irreplaceable person:

• knows everything about the financial situation of the organization;
• resolves all current issues and emerging economic problems with management;
• contacts government agencies;
• submits reports to the tax office.

An accountant needs a higher education. Without work experience, you are unlikely to be hired for such a serious position. However, every young specialist has the opportunity to gain knowledge by working as an assistant accountant, and then make a career.

This activity is associated with enormous responsibility and risk. All the company’s money passes through the hands of a professional, and if suspicion of something falls on an accountant, he may even be subject to criminal prosecution. You need perseverance, attention, accuracy, consistency and a systematic approach to work. It is important not to be lazy, improve your qualifications, and keep abreast of changes in legislation. Such professionals are valued, they receive good remuneration, have guarantees and bonuses.

• Auditor

This is a highly qualified accountant. His responsibility is to review financial statements and advise on important issues in the field. The “highest achievement” of an auditor’s activity is the consideration of insolvency claims in arbitration courts. Of course, a professional receives good money, is valued by his superiors and respected by his colleagues.

Becoming a specialist of this level is not so easy. Even with a higher education and honors diploma, a young accountant will not be hired for such a position right away. And, having a position as an auditor in a prestigious company, you need to constantly improve your level of knowledge.

The work is difficult due to the need to go on business trips and conduct intense negotiations. You need good analytical skills, operational and long-term memory, and a desire to work accurately and painstakingly with numbers.

• Economist

Despite the fact that all specialists in the financial field are often called economists, there is a separate profession under this name. Economists are theorists and experts in the field of money. They plan, study, compare, optimize and manage. In organizations and enterprises, economists develop a budget, monitor the quality of its implementation, and control reporting.

• Financier

The list continues with a specialist in the field of financial transactions and investments. He understands the relationship between risk and the opportunity to gain income in each individual situation. Bankers, investors, traders are financiers.

This profession allows you to combine the responsibilities of a theoretician-economist and a practicing accountant. Requires excellent knowledge of the field and outstanding analytical skills.

• Securities market specialists

This field requires a basic economic education as well as knowledge related to the world of stocks. Brokers are intermediaries between the seller and buyer of securities. Dealers are actually those who conclude transactions, and use their own financial resources for this and work on their own behalf. When receiving an application from a broker to buy and sell various types of securities, the dealer needs to find a balance between supply and demand and sell the shares most profitably. This specialist works in conditions of constant lack of time and information. Simply put, he must predict the upcoming price. The dealer is guided by his own intuition, knowledge, and experience in this area of ​​economic relations.

Such specialists need the ability to quickly make profitable and correct decisions, have high analytical skills, emotional stability, vision, and the ability to adequately accept and correct their mistakes.

Dealers and brokers are truly professionals if they have received a higher education in economics. But, in addition to the university, to successfully work on the stock exchange you need to replenish your knowledge from time to time in specialized courses. Success in the profession largely depends on self-education.

• Commercial Director

A specialist who carries out transactions for the sale of goods and services produced by the enterprise. The goal of his activities is to obtain maximum profits and conclude long-term contracts. His areas of competence also include studying demand for goods, searching for consumers and establishing contacts with them, and determining advertising policies. The commercial director also takes care of reducing costs, optimizing personnel, and organizing the supply of raw materials.

An analytical mind, the ability to productively summarize information, extract the most important and beneficial for your enterprise, strong-willed and emotional stability and communication skills - these are the irreplaceable personality traits of a person in this position.

Education can be obtained at economic, legal, financial, and social universities. To take this position, you need to work for some time as an accountant, financier, or economist in a company, establishing yourself as an active and successful employee.

• Marketer

Conducts market research. With its help, it becomes clear to management what products with what characteristics and in what quantities need to be produced. The marketer creates a so-called “product image” that is attractive to the consumer. Appearance, properties, packaging, information about the product - all this is a product of the marketer’s activities.

Important personal qualities are imaginative thinking, analytical mind, social and psychological intuition. Education as a marketer can be obtained at universities at the faculties of economics and sociology.

Economic specialties are numerous; in the modern world, specialists of a wide variety of types are required. Having received an education, they have the opportunity to gain experience and make a career, bringing real benefits and improving the well-being of their enterprise.

Commercial agent

Establishes and develops relationships between producers and consumers of goods and services, identifies and creates demand for them.

Awareness of economics, commerce, production technology (sold goods), sociology, psychology, mathematical knowledge and skills, etc. are required.

Training is carried out at a secondary specialized commercial (trade) or economics educational institution, through courses. Opportunities for entrepreneurial and self-employment activities

Auditor
General characteristics of the profession
Conducts internal and external (independent) control and analysis of financial statements of enterprises of various forms of ownership, assesses their reliability, compliance with legal acts and taxation standards, and the legality of transactions. Provides recommendations to specialists in order to prevent miscalculations and mistakes that could lead to penalties and other sanctions that reduce profits and spoil the reputation of the enterprise.
The auditor performs especially complex duties when considering claims for insolvency (bankruptcy) in arbitration courts.
Significant difficulties in his work are associated with the vagueness and frequency of adjustments of legal documents, the need to reconcile the interests of the state and clients.
Works indoors, communicates with specialists and heads of organizations. Business contacts are often tense. Travels on local and out-of-town business trips.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
Must have good long-term and operative memory, stable attention, emotional-volitional stability, analytical thinking, a tendency to painstakingly work with digital material, documents, perseverance, demanding of oneself and others, integrity, and honesty.
Training requirements
Good training in mathematics, computer technology (computer skills), awareness in the field of social sciences (economics, law, sociology), knowledge of accounting and reporting, money circulation, credit and pricing are required.
A prerequisite for hiring is to have at least 3-5 years of experience as an accountant.

Paths to obtaining a profession
The profession can be obtained at economic and financial universities, commercial schools, and audit training centers for specialists with experience in the financial sector; training centers of audit and consulting firms.
Auditors as business entities can carry out it individually or by creating audit organizations (firms).
Chief accountant, consultant (expert) in government and management bodies at various levels, tax inspector, teacher.

Businessman
General characteristics of the profession
A businessman is a person who “makes” money, the owner of capital that is constantly in circulation and generates income. The activities of a businessman are most often not related to the direct organization and management of the affairs of the company. A businessman is a major owner who does not hold any permanent position in the organization, but is the owner of its shares and may be a member of the board. This distinguishes him from a manager, who necessarily occupies a permanent position and has people subordinate to him. At the same time, a businessman can combine the functions of an owner (capitalist) and a manager (manager).
A businessman is also different from an entrepreneur. An entrepreneur, while running a business, starts a new business, implements some innovation, investing his own funds in a new enterprise and taking personal risks.
If a businessman is the owner of significant capital, but is not involved in management himself, then his activity comes down to constantly monitoring the situation in various markets, studying the exchange rate of securities, prices for various goods and commodity markets and placing his funds in the most profitable types of securities and other assets (land, real estate, goods).
If a businessman is at the same time a manager, then his activities have much in common with the activities of a manager.
He is involved in personnel selection and hiring, resolves all issues related to the use of workers, manages finances, deals with production and management accounting, acquires raw materials, machinery, equipment, components and other goods and services necessary for business activities, organizes, controls, and often he himself takes part in the production activities of the enterprise, is engaged in marketing activities, determining the needs of the consumer and organizing the production, advertising and sale of his goods.
If the enterprise is small, then the businessman has to perform all types of work listed above himself. Obviously, this is a large burden on one person: firstly, due to a wide range of responsibilities, and secondly, due to a lack of knowledge when performing certain functions.
This problem can be resolved by contacting a consulting firm that provides advice on the economic activities of enterprises, cooperation with another company, concluding partnership agreements, and attracting specialists.
The activities of a businessman are characterized by high tension. Even if he is not engaged in managerial work, but only owns part of the company’s shares, he constantly needs to be aware of changes taking place in the securities market, otherwise he may not notice the deterioration of the market situation and will lose his fortune.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
A businessman is required to have developed analytical and synthetic thinking abilities, thoroughness in preliminary planning of actions, the ability to predict a situation, and flexibility of thinking, which are necessary both at the stage of planning actions and in the process of their implementation.

Training requirements
To be successful, a businessman needs professional knowledge, which can be obtained in business schools, business colleges and economic higher education institutions.
The main subjects studied in these educational institutions include: location of productive forces, micro- and macroeconomics, environmental economics, statistics, mathematical modeling of economic processes, fundamentals of marketing, fundamentals of management, international economic relations, finance, money and credit, banking , securities market, stock exchange business, insurance, economic and labor legislation, etc.

Paths to obtaining a profession
Trade, economics, law universities, technical schools, colleges, business schools.
Opportunities for entrepreneurial and self-employment activities

Related professions
Commercial consultant, marketer, manager.

Broker
General characteristics of the profession
Provides services in concluding commercial, currency, credit and other transactions carried out on the stock exchange between sellers and buyers.
Transactions differ in type (ship charter, property insurance - respectively, freight broker, insurance broker) and in the degree of trust placed by the client in the broker (a commission agreement provides the broker with more independence and promises greater income than an assignment agreement). The subject of trading can be either a cash commodity or currency, or one to be issued in the future (a futures contract that requires high qualifications).
The broker contributes not only to the timely and profitable sale or purchase of goods and currency, but also to the efficient use of production capacity and the creation of new jobs.
Advises clients when making responsible decisions. In this regard, he must be aware of market conditions, consumer properties of goods, and the reliability of securities.
During working hours, the broker studies and analyzes information, draws up and registers documents, communicates with colleagues and clients.
Buys a place on the stock exchange or becomes a member by purchasing registered shares with the prospect of promotion from assistant broker to broker, senior broker and higher.
Remuneration is formed from commissions as a percentage of the transaction amount. For errors related to the scope of his duties and causing losses to the client, fines are imposed.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
Good memory, efficiency in decision making, problem-analytical type of intelligence, emotional stability, observation, attentiveness, self-criticism, moderate sociability combined with the ability to listen to the client, good diction. Visual attractiveness and sense of humor are desirable.

Training requirements
Awareness of social issues, especially in the field of economics, sociology, law, production and economic activities.
Must know office work, accounting, cash and commercial operations, the basics of marketing and management.
In addition, to work with clients, he must know the basics of business communication, etiquette, commercial negotiation techniques, and the basics of psychology.
Higher or secondary economic, legal, and pedagogical education facilitate the process of retraining in this specialty.

Paths to obtaining a profession
Economic and sociological faculties (departments) of universities, economic universities, colleges, technical schools.
Opportunities for entrepreneurial and self-employment activities
Promising organization of your own business in trade, finance, credit, insurance and other areas.
Related professions (specialties)
Dealer, distributor, manager, tax inspector, trade (insurance) agent.
Teaching, journalistic, and scientific activities are promising.

Accountant
General characteristics of the profession

Accountants work in enterprises, organizations and institutions of various forms of ownership: state, joint-stock, cooperative, private, performing work on various types of accounting.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
A penchant for working with numbers, a high level of concentration and distribution of attention, developed counting and analytical abilities, good working memory, perseverance, integrity.

Training requirements
Good preparation in mathematics, the basics of computer science and electronic computer technology, statistics, finance, management, and monetary circulation.
Must know policy and regulatory documents on the organization of accounting and reporting, technology and economics of specific production, principles of organization and planning of activities.

Paths to obtaining a profession
Financial and economic, trade technical schools, financial and economic and financial universities, economic faculties of technical universities, accounting courses.
Opportunities for entrepreneurial and self-employment activities
An accountant can perform the functions of an auditor in an audit organization (firm) or be hired by commercial structures.
Related professions (specialties)
Tax inspector, economist, teacher at an educational institution, financier.

Chief accountant
General characteristics of the profession

Accountants pay special attention to organizing control over the correct use of material, labor and financial resources. In order to carry out such control, all documents serving as the basis for the acceptance and issuance of money and material assets are signed not only by the director of the enterprise, but also by the chief accountant or persons authorized by him. Therefore, the chief accountant bears equal responsibility with the director of the enterprise, and often greater than him, for the legality and legal literacy of all transactions performed by the enterprise.

Training requirements
The chief accountant needs extensive knowledge, erudition, and a creative approach. He must know all the nuances of current legislation, the basics of economic analysis, planning, financing and lending, control and audit. Currently, most accounting departments have their own computer equipment, so the chief accountant must be able to work fluently on a personal computer.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
The chief accountant should not make mistakes even in small things, since his mistakes can lead to very serious consequences and affect not only all employees of the enterprise, but also its financial activities as a whole. Therefore, one of the main qualities of a chief accountant is a developed sense of responsibility for the assigned work.
Paths to obtaining a profession

The profession of an accountant can be obtained at a technical school or at special training courses for accountants. You can become a chief accountant by gaining experience as an accountant.

Small Business Accountant
General characteristics of the profession

Currently, small organizations of any form of ownership are becoming increasingly widespread: state, joint-stock, cooperative, private.

Training requirements
An accountant of a small enterprise needs extensive knowledge, erudition, and a creative approach. He must know all the nuances of current legislation, the basics of economic analysis, planning, financing and lending, control and audit. Currently, most accounting departments have their own computer equipment, so an accountant of a small enterprise must be able to work fluently on a PC. For a small enterprise, this aspect of work is especially relevant, since maintaining all reports on a PC significantly simplifies the work of an accountant, freeing him from a lot of painstaking calculations and calculations.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
An accountant should not make mistakes even in small things, since his mistakes can lead to very serious consequences and affect not only all employees of the enterprise, but also its financial activities as a whole. Therefore, one of the main qualities of a small business accountant should be a highly developed sense of responsibility for the assigned work.

Paths to obtaining a profession
The profession of an accountant can be obtained at a technical school or at special training courses for accountants.
Related professions (specialties)
Related profession: accountant, chief accountant.

Dealer

General characteristics of the profession
A dealer is a person (firm) that carries out exchange or trade intermediation at its own expense and on its own behalf. The dealer has a seat on the exchange. The dealer's income is generated from the difference between the purchase and sale prices of currencies and securities, as well as from changes in their exchange rates.
As a rule, dealers specialize in a specific type of activity - transactions with securities of a particular industry, transactions with currency, etc.
The dealer's activities are carried out on the stock exchange. He receives applications from brokers for the purchase and sale of securities with requests for quite a variety of rates (the rate is the price at which a security is sold). The dealer's goal is to determine the rate at which most orders can be satisfied and the difference between supply and demand. It is this information that the dealer shouts out on the exchange floor in search of missing securities or in order to sell surplus. The main goal of the dealer is to balance supply and demand and sell all lots of securities. Since information about supply and demand is constantly received, the price of securities also undergoes certain fluctuations during the day.
In addition to the purchase and sale of securities, commodities and currencies, dealers engage in speculation, that is, transactions that are carried out with the aim of making a profit in conditions of price fluctuations. Speculative profit is obtained from the difference between the price of an exchange contract on the day it is concluded and the price on the day it is executed.
There are various types of speculative operations. Thus, speculators can buy exchange contracts in order to resell them at a higher price. This type of speculation is called a bull run, and speculators in this case are called “bulls.” Another type of speculation is the game of lowering prices. Speculators sell exchange contracts in order to later buy them back at lower prices. Such speculators are usually called “bears”.
The dealer's activities are carried out on the exchange floor of a commodity, stock or currency exchange. The dealer's working day is not standardized. In order to be a dealer, you need physical endurance, the ability to be on your feet for hours on end and under great stress, as well as well-developed vocal cords for shouting information on the trading floor.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist
The dealer operates under conditions of incompleteness of the necessary information and a constant lack of time. This circumstance requires the speed of neuropsychic processes, multichannel information processing, and versatile thinking. The need to make decisions in the face of a lack of information requires the ability to take risks. At the same time, the risk must be deliberate and rational, not allowing reckless recklessness. In this case, risk is not the pursuit of thrills, but the ability to make decisions in a situation of uncertainty, relying on one’s intuition.
The activities of a dealer are impossible without developed sociability and the ability to subtly sense the individual psychological characteristics of clients.
Irregular working hours and the non-standard nature of the activity require readiness for the intense rhythm of work and the ability to quickly restore one’s performance.
The activities of a dealer in conditions of constant risk with a high cost of a possible error places high demands on self-organization, stress resistance, and the ability to make correct decisions and plan activities.
Thus, to work effectively, a dealer needs: emotional-volitional stability, a predisposition to risk, determination, predominance of motivation to achieve success, efficiency in decision-making, observation, sociability, high efficiency, good diction.

Training requirements
To be successful on the stock exchange, a dealer needs not only intuition and quick reactions, but also professional knowledge. Among the most important subjects for dealers are micro- and macroeconomics, banks, securities, currencies and foreign exchange relations. Dealers must be able to work with computers in order to quickly and efficiently process a large volume of rapidly changing information. Higher education is desirable (preferably economic, legal, psychological, sociological). Secondary specialized education in the specified profiles is acceptable.

Paths to obtaining a profession

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  Training centers, schools, courses according to a special program.
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  Opportunities for entrepreneurial and self-employment activities
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Commercial Director
General characteristics of the profession

Works at state and commercial enterprises (organizations), in federal and republican ministries and departments, educational institutions.

Analytical mindset, ability to generalize based on a limited set of characteristics, intuition, emotional-volitional stability, sociability, organization, responsibility, self-criticism, hard work.

Awareness of theoretical and practical issues of economics, sociology, law, labor and business psychology, knowledge of 1-2 foreign languages. Practical experience in trade, accounting and law enforcement is desirable.

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  Trade, economics, law universities, technical schools, colleges, etc.
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  Opportunities for entrepreneurial and self-employment activities
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  It is possible to organize a trading company, a training center, or a consulting service.

Kommersant
General characteristics of labor

Engaged in trade (commercial) activities in one or another area of ​​the economy, providing the market with goods and services of an optimal range and high quality with the greatest benefit; determines the compliance of goods and services with regulatory and technical documentation, brand name, forecasts demand, organizes advertising, stimulates sales, and documents commercial transactions.

Requirements for individual characteristics

Good memory, analytical skills, high level of ambition, communication and organizational skills, emotional stability, aesthetic taste, high level of intelligence.

Basic principles and rules for the classification of products and goods, requirements for their quality; market, its types, conditions and prospects for the development of supply and demand; marketing information systems; communication strategy, sales promotion; banking and tax systems; organization of financial planning of the enterprise; etiquette of business and informal meetings, image of a leader; economic structure; the nature of trading operations; basics of advertising, commercial vocabulary.

Training in this profession takes place in business schools and in the relevant faculties of higher educational institutions.

Related professions (specialties)

Dealer, distributor, marketer, manager.

Provides intermediary services in concluding commercial, credit, currency, and insurance transactions on commodity and other exchanges, thereby accelerating capital turnover and intensifying production and investment activities.

Emotional-volitional stability, predisposition to risk, determination, predominance of motivation to achieve success, efficiency in decision-making, observation, sociability, high performance, good diction.

Higher education is desirable (preferably economic, technical, legal, psychological, sociological). Secondary specialized education in the specified profiles is acceptable.

Training centers, schools, courses according to a special program.

Related professions (specialties)

Dealer, distributor, marketer, manager.

Marketer (marketing specialist)
General characteristics of the profession

Marketing specialists deal with a wide range of issues related to the production and sale of competitive products.

A marketer must have an analytical mind, observation, curiosity, socio-psychological intuition (understanding the motives of people’s economic behavior), the ability to draw non-standard conclusions, have a flexible imagination and good figurative and logical memory. He must be sociable, self-critical, and purposeful.

Professional training can be obtained at economic and sociological faculties (departments) of universities, economic universities and colleges.

Manager
General characteristics of the profession

Organizes and coordinates, evaluates and stimulates the activities of personnel in order to increase productivity and quality of work, save resources, increase the competitiveness of goods and services, profit (income) and well-being, satisfaction with the profession (position) of each employee.

A manager needs intelligible speech, good memory, high emotional and volitional stability, developed communication and organizational skills, and a willingness to take reasonable risks.

A manager needs good training in economics, law, social psychology, labor psychology, and management.

Training can be obtained at economic and technical universities, private educational institutions.

Related professions (specialties)

Tax inspector
General characteristics of the profession

Monitors compliance with tax legislation, completeness and timeliness of receipt of tax and other payments to the budget by all categories of taxpayers.

What is required is a penchant for accounting and analytical work, the ability to quickly assimilate incoming information, a high level of concentration and distribution of attention, sufficient emotional and volitional stability, honesty, and communication skills.

Knowledge of tax legislation, all types and forms of accounting and reporting, and proficiency in accounting and analytical skills are required.

Professional training can be obtained in economic, financial, accounting and credit technical schools, universities, and courses.

Related professions (specialties)

Auditor, accountant, economist, financier.

Entrepreneur
General characteristics of the profession

At the beginning of his activity, an entrepreneur may have only an idea and not a penny of money. An entrepreneur must be able to justify his idea (usually with a business plan) and convince bankers or other investors to provide him with a loan.

High self-esteem, creative thinking, emotional-volitional stability, communication and organizational skills, energy, efficiency, developed attention and memory, a tendency to take “calculated” risks.

First of all, an entrepreneur needs economic knowledge. He must know business law well in order to understand the rules of the “economic game.” Professional knowledge in the area and where he organizes his business is also required.

Paths to obtaining a profession

Business schools, business colleges and higher education institutions.

Related professions (specialties)

Businessman, manager, sales agent, traveling salesman, marketing specialist.

Economist
General characteristics of the profession

The national economy of a country is a complex system in which everything is closely interconnected. The development of a country largely depends on how accurately mutual connections and dependencies are identified in the functioning of individual elements of the national economy, how accurately the strategy and tactics of the state taking measures to develop individual sectors of the national economy are defined.

The ability to work hard and hard, courage and integrity, the ability to defend the interests of society, mathematical abilities, clarity, accuracy, logical and constructive thinking, emotional stability.

Must know the basics of economic theory, social sciences, statistics, demography, mathematics and the area where he will work.

You can get a profession as an economist at the university's economics department, at planning and financial-economic institutes.

Related professions (specialties)

Related profession: engineer-economist.

Finance and Credit Economist
General characteristics of the profession

Solve problems of planning and rational use of accumulated credit resources of financial authorities, exercise financial and banking control over the turnover (receipt, investment, expenditure) of funds, analyze the state of financial and economic activities.

Must have analytical skills, emotional-volitional stability, developed attention and memory, accuracy, and conscientiousness.

Must know mathematics, methods of mathematical analysis, fundamentals of economic theory, social sciences, statistics, finance, loans, fundamentals of banking.

As such, the profession of a businessman or entrepreneur does not exist, at the same time, there are many specialties related to this area that can have both a general profile (such as economists, accountants, financiers and some others), and relate to specific areas of activity or business -segments (these are marketers, commodity experts, managers, auditors, banking specialists, auditors, etc.).

Teaching business professions today is one of the main directions of many educational institutions.

Business-related professions have never lost their popularity. Business professions, the list of which is quite large, have always been the subject of attention of young people who want to obtain a sought-after specialty. A common feature of such professions is the focus on obtaining maximum profit for a particular enterprise.

Let's look at what business professions exist today.

Business informatics - what kind of profession is it?

This relatively new specialty requires almost universal training in a variety of areas related to enterprise information systems, and in addition, people in this profession must know logistics, be proficient in business process modeling, and have managerial skills.

Profession business informatics, who to work with

Although this profession has a tendency to universalize, it also distinguishes certain highly specialized areas, specializing, for example, in managing e-business, operating enterprise architecture, automating all organizational systems, etc.

Hotel business professions

Due to the increasing mobility of the population and especially the dynamic development of tourism, hotel business professions are becoming increasingly in demand. This area requires specialists of different levels:

• managerial (hotel managers and administrators);
• middle management (receptionists, concierges, event organizers, etc.);
• service personnel (maids, cleaners, bellhops, baggage handlers, etc.).

Of course, in this area, as in all others, one cannot do without professions common to any business - accountants, marketers, etc.

Restaurant business - professions

Today, this business is experiencing noticeable problems due to the economic downturn. However, he is still profitable, and his professions are in demand. Here are the main ones:

• cooks (including chefs and sous-chefs);
• head waiter;
• waiters;
• bartenders, etc.

Any profession for which the hotel and restaurant business is an area of ​​activity involves constant communication with a large number of people.

The profession itself can be anything, the main thing is that it not only provides a person financially, but also, if possible, brings moral satisfaction, and ideally, is interesting and loved. The profession of “business management” is the most popular, but others are also in demand. “Business administration” is a profession similar to business management, but with some emphasis on organizational processes.

Professions in show business

Many people dream of getting into show business, but we must take into account its specifics, which not everyone will like. Since show business has many segments, its professions are quite numerous. Let's highlight the most important and popular:

• Producer. This is perhaps the main person in show business, determining the directions and strategy of its development, organizing all events, and managing many processes.
• Screenwriter. Develops a plan (script) for a show, video clip, film, etc., according to which this show product will then be created.
• Director. It depends on this person what this or that show, film, video, etc. will ultimately be like, that is, he directly manages the process of creating this or that show product.
• Operator. Films a show, film, video, etc., capturing them as show-reality phenomena.
• Actors, singers, dancers, musicians, stuntmen, etc. These are the main participants in the show, creating it with their own talent and emotions. Without them, no show business is possible at all.
• DJ. He develops musical programs for various events and carries them out, acting as a presenter.
• Costumers, make-up artists, stylists, prop masters, artists, etc. Essentially, these are service personnel, but without them, as well as without the direct participants, no show is possible.

Small Business Professions

Small business in many countries is the engine of the economy. For Russia this is still a pipe dream. Nevertheless, many people are employed in this area, among the professions of which are the same as in average and large business, except that the very specifics of small business somewhat limit their circle, in which, for the most part, specialties related to trade and services rather than large industrial production.

Profession business analyst

If you have a business, you need constant and in-depth monitoring of its condition, analysis of financial and economic activities, processes occurring in the organization, its competitiveness, etc. This is precisely the responsibilities of a business analyst, and in addition, he can develop (based on data obtained during analysis) new, more effective strategies, models and directions of development.

The profession of a business consultant is similar in its functions, a representative of which must provide assistance on various issues of commercial activity.

Profession business coach

In fact, the activities of a business coach are not much different from the functions of a sports coach. The only difference is in the scope of their efforts. A business coach works not with athletes, but with businessmen, teaching them to carry out the actions necessary in a particular area of ​​business, including management functions, business communication, negotiations, etc., with the emphasis most often placed on the field of sales.

Profession network business manager

Network business is quite specific and is a relatively new phenomenon in our country. And network business manager is a new profession in Russia, which became official quite recently. The main function of such a specialist is to organize the work of network agents and manage them.

Thus, professions in the business sector are very diverse, these include professions related to business and its management, and more “narrow” specialties, and creative roles. Everyone can choose for themselves, the main thing is that this profession allows them to be realized in this life.

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