Day of lifting the siege of Leningrad in libraries. Extracurricular event on the theme “through the pages of besieged Leningrad”

72 years ago the Blockade was lifted, which lasted 900 long days and nights. Specialists from the branch libraries of the Simferopol region could not help but pay attention to this date; the following events were held for readers:

Specialists from the central library of the Municipal Budgetary Institution of the Simferopol region "RCBS" held an hour of history "Unconquered Leningrad" for visitors to the Guards department of day care for elderly citizens and the disabled. Participants in the event listened with bated breath to the story of the resilience and courage of people in besieged Leningrad. The information material was clearly presented through a video presentation. Also within the walls of the library, for the significant date, a book exhibition “We Stood and Conquered” was organized.

A specialist from the Konstantinovskaya rural library-branch No. 28 conducted a history hour “Immortality and power of Leningrad” for students in grades 1-4 of the Konstantinovskaya secondary school. The children learned about the courage, perseverance and patriotism of Leningraders during the 900-day defense of besieged Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War. The children were greatly impressed by the story about the bread ration for the blockade survivors, they learned about the “road of life” that helped people hold out and not die of starvation, and about the diary of the Leningrad girl Tanya Savicheva. We got acquainted with the collection of poems by Yuri Voronov “Blockade”.

The librarian of the Mirnovsky rural library-branch No. 58 conducted a memory lesson “900 days of hope” dedicated to the Day of lifting the siege of Leningrad for students in the 8th and 10th grades of Mirnovsky school No. 1. Those present were told about how Leningrad lived and fought during those terrible days of the siege, a video “Siege of Leningrad” was shown, and books on the topic were presented.

On the day of the lifting of the siege of Leningrad, a book exhibition “900 days and nights of courage, bravery and fortitude...” was organized in the Novoselovskaya Rural Library Branch No. 9, where books, magazines, documents, and photographs about those terrible days were presented. All day on January 27, mini-conversations “Unconquered Leningrad” were held for visitors in the library. For all people on the planet, the city of Leningrad has become a symbol of courage, selfless love for the Motherland, and the amazing fortitude of the Russian people. And this city also became a symbol of innumerable troubles and suffering, being under siege for 28 months. Readers heard the story of one Leningrad girl, Tanya Savicheva, who lost her

the whole family, learned about the “road of life”, watched an electronic presentation, listened to poems about Leningraders.

At the Ivanovo Rural Library-Branch No. 24, a book exhibition entitled “Immortality and Power of Leningrad” was organized and a memory lesson “Remember this forever” was held. The librarian spoke about the heroism shown by the residents of the besieged city during the Great Patriotic War. With bated breath, the event participants listened to the depth of the tragedy and the greatness of the feat of the people of the besieged city. The topic of the “Road of Life” was raised - the only thread connecting besieged Leningrad with food supplies.

A lesson in courage “Immortality and strength of Leningrad” was held at the Medicinal Rural Library Branch No. 32. The further the events of the Second World War move away from us, the less children know about the past war. This event helps to develop in children a sense of compassion, concern and pride for the resilience of their people during the siege of Leningrad. Using illustrations, the librarian and volunteers revealed the terrible events of that time, the famine, which were reflected in Tanya Savicheva’s diary. The girl kept a scary diary in a notebook. Nine short, tragic entries, made by a child’s hand, told about what fascism brought to the Savichev family. The legendary ice track is laid along Lake Ladoga. The road of life, on which the salvation of residents from starvation, the removal of children, and extremely exhausted people depended. A library volunteer read exciting lines from Z. Shishova’s poem “Blockade” and Bergholz’s poem. O. “Leningrad salute.” This event left no one indifferent and helped to understand the depth of the tragedy and the greatness of the feat of the residents of besieged Leningrad. They are alive as long as we remember them.

Specialist of the Novoandreevskaya rural library-branch No. 8 together with the House of Culture in the Novoandreevskaya secondary school I.I. For students in grades 9-10, a literary and musical composition “Time Has a Memory” was held, dedicated to the siege of Leningrad. The terrible events of the besieged Leningrad were told, and the video sequence “Lake Ladoga” was shown, along which food was transported. The children listened with interest to the story about Tanya Savicheva and her diary. About the feat of driver Philip Sapozhnikov. The composition included the songs “Oh, war, what have you done, vile” Varum, “Road of Life” by Rosenbaum, “Holy War”. Poems were read to the music of Shestakovich and Mozart.

Also, the following events were held in the branch libraries of the Simferopol region: evening meeting “Survivors of the Siege” (Verkhnekurganovsk rural library branch No. 19); lesson of courage “Chronicle of besieged Leningrad” (Krasnozorkinsky rural library-branch No. 30); patriotism lesson “How our grandfathers fought” (Klenovskaya rural library branch No. 26); hour of remembrance “Children of besieged Leningrad” (Shkolnenskaya village library-branch No. 18); Lesson of Courage “900 Days”

courage and perseverance" (Kizilovskaya rural library-branch No. 54); conversation “Don’t you dare forget about this” (Solnechnenskaya rural library branch No. 59); lesson of courage “And man and city won” (Shirokovskaya rural library-branch No. 17); patriotic hour “Keeping loyalty to distant courage” (Urozhaynovskaya rural library branch No. 15).

Libraries did not stay away from the celebration of the day of lifting the siege of Leningrad.

On January 27 in the Russian Federation, on the basis of the Federal Law “On the Days of Military Glory (Victory Days) of Russia” dated March 13, 1995, a holiday is celebrated - the Day of Lifting the Siege of the City of Leningrad.

Kaliningrad libraries, a correspondent in the city’s centralized system was told, have prepared a series of events for the significant date.

Library No. 5 (Dzerzhinsky St., 128)

“We will not forget those terrible days”: a memory lesson

In a programme:

— review of the book exhibition of the same name;

— Lidia Konstantinovna Tkachenko, a resident of besieged Leningrad, will share her memories.

Library of the village Yuzhny (Angarskaya St., 27)

“Chronicle of the Siege of Leningrad”: historical and literary hour. Young readers will learn about the days of the siege, about “simple” feats, and about courage thanks to the book “The Feat of Leningrad” by Sergei Alekseev.

Children's Library No. 14 (28 Telman St.)

“Reading books about war”: lesson-conversation. We read, we think, we reason, we engage in dialogue. Books about patriotism, love, unity, about heroes, defenders, heroism, courage... about war.

Library named after A.M. Gorky (Lermontov St., 8)

“Great Day of Remembrance and Sorrow”: historical and patriotic magazine

Magazine pages:

Book Review;

Historical page;

Library No. 20 (Bakinskaya St., 11)

“Symphony of all-conquering courage”: literary and artistic composition.

The review is accompanied by comments about the work of D. Shostakovich during the siege of Leningrad, newsreels and photographs, and musical excerpts from the composer’s works.

Library of the village Pribrezhny (Parkovaya St., 1)

“You will forever be in our memory. Diary of Tanya Savicheva": patriotic hour. The diary of a young resident of besieged Leningrad became one of the symbols of the Great Patriotic War. The lines written by a child’s hand do not leave people of different ages and different nationalities indifferent. These simple and terrible words are the fate of many families.

Library of the village Chkalovsk (Belanova St., 31/37)

“City of Courage and Glory”: an hour of military history.

In a programme:

— review of the book exhibition “Fortitude and Courage of Leningrad”;

- poetry competition;

— meeting with a resident of besieged Leningrad.

Children's Library named after. G.-H. Andersen (Griga St., 10/12).

“900 days, 900 nights”: a musical and patriotic hour.

Library No. 12 (Sergeant Shchedina St., 19)

"War. Blockade. Leningrad": patriotic hour.

Admission to all events is free.

As a result of the victories of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Battles of Stalingrad and Kursk, near Smolensk, on the Left Bank of Ukraine, in the Donbass and on the Dnieper at the end of 1943 - beginning of 1944, favorable conditions developed for a major offensive operation near Leningrad and Novgorod.

After stubborn fighting on January 20, Soviet troops united in the Ropsha area and eliminated the encircled Peterhof-Strelninsky enemy group. At the same time, on January 14, Soviet troops went on the offensive in the Novgorod area, and on January 16 - in the Lyuban direction, and on January 20 they liberated Novgorod. To commemorate the final lifting of the blockade, a fireworks display was given in Leningrad on January 27, 1944.

Breaking the blockade of Leningrad (1944). January 12-30, 1944 troops of the 67th Army of Leningrad (commander from June 1942, Lieutenant General, later Marshal of the Soviet Union L.A. Govorov), 2nd shock and part of the forces of the 8th Army Volkhovsky (created December 17, 1941, commander General of the Army K.A. Meretskov) of the fronts, with the support of long-range aviation, artillery and aviation of the Baltic Fleet, with counter strikes in a narrow ledge between Shlisselburg and Sinyavin (south of Lake Ladoga), they broke the blockade ring and restored the land connection between Leningrad and the country. A railway and a highway were built through the resulting corridor (8-10 km wide) within 17 days, but the problem of supplying the city had not yet been completely resolved: an important point was the Mga station on the railway. The Leningrad-Volkhov line remained in enemy hands, the roads in the liberated zone were under constant fire from enemy artillery. Attempts to expand land communications (the offensive in February - March 1943 on MGU and Sinyavino) did not achieve their goal. In July-August, at the Mginsky ledge, Soviet troops inflicted a heavy defeat on the troops of the 18th German Army and prevented the transfer of enemy troops to other fronts.

The offensive operation of Soviet troops near Leningrad and Novgorod 1944, lifting the blockade of Leningrad. As a result of the victories of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Battles of Stalingrad and Kursk, near Smolensk, on. In left-bank Ukraine, in the Donbass and on the Dnieper at the end of 1943 - beginning of 1944, favorable conditions developed for conducting a major offensive operation near Leningrad and Novgorod. By this time, Army Group North, consisting of the 18th and 16th armies (from January 1942 to January 1944, commander Field Marshal G. Küchler, from late January to early July 1944, Colonel General G. Lindemann, in July 1944 - General of Infantry G. Friesner, from July 23, 1944 Colonel General F. Schörner) numbered 741 thousand soldiers and officers, 10,070 guns and mortars, 385 tanks and assault guns, 370 aircraft and had the task of preventing a breakthrough of occupied positions that had important for covering the approaches to the Baltic, keeping Finland as an ally and ensuring freedom of action for the German fleet in the Baltic Sea.

By the beginning of 1944, the enemy had created a defense in depth with reinforced concrete and wood-earth structures, covered with minefields and wire barriers. The Soviet command organized an offensive with forces from the 2nd shock, 42nd and 67th armies of the Leningrad, 59th, 8th and 54th armies of the Volkhov, 1st shock and 22nd armies of the 2nd Baltic (commander General of the Army M. M. Popov) of the fronts and the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Long-range aviation (commanded by Air Marshal A.E. Golovanov), partisan detachments and brigades were also involved. In total, the fronts included 1,241 thousand soldiers and officers, 21,600 guns and mortars, 1,475 tanks and self-propelled guns, 1,500 aircraft. The goal of the operation was to defeat the flank groups of the 18th Army, and then, by actions in the Kingisepp and Luga directions, complete the defeat of its main forces and reach the line of the river. Meadows; in the future, acting in the Narva, Pskov and Idritsa directions, defeat the 16th Army, complete the liberation of the Leningrad region and create conditions for the liberation of the Baltic states. In preparation for the operation, the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet transported over 52 thousand people and about 14 thousand tons of cargo across the Gulf of Finland to the Primorsky bridgehead. On January 14, Soviet troops went on the offensive from the Primorsky bridgehead to Ropsha, and on January 15 from Leningrad to Krasnoye Selo. After stubborn fighting on January 20, Soviet troops united in the Ropsha area and eliminated the encircled Peterhof-Strelninsky enemy group. At the same time, on January 14, Soviet troops went on the offensive in the Novgorod area, and on January 16 - in the Lyuban direction, and on January 20 they liberated Novgorod. Thus, from January 14 to 20, the enemy’s defenses were broken through and the flank groups of the 18th Army were defeated; the troops of its center, fearing encirclement, began to withdraw from the Mga-Tosno area on January 21. To commemorate the final lifting of the blockade, a fireworks display was given in Leningrad on January 27, 1944.

By the end of January, Messrs. were released. Pushkin, Krasnogvardeysk, Tosno, Lyuban, Chudovo, Novosokolniki. The enemy tried to hold the river line. Luga, but despite his stubborn resistance, Soviet troops, in cooperation with the partisans, liberated Luga on February 12, and by February 15 they had completely overcome the enemy’s defensive line on the river. Meadows. The Volkhov Front was disbanded, and the troops of the Leningrad and 2nd Baltic Fronts continued to pursue the remnants of the defeated formations of the 18th Army and the left flank of the 16th Army in the Pskov and Staraya Russian directions. The bridgehead on the river was expanded. Narva and released. Staraya Russa, Kholm, Dno, etc. By the end of February, Soviet troops reached the approaches to the border of the Latvian SSR. As a result of the operation, Army Group North was severely defeated, the enemy was driven back 220-280 km from Leningrad, and almost the entire Leningrad and part of the Kalinin region were liberated. In the Battle of Leningrad, the partisans of the Leningrad region provided great assistance to the troops (about 3 thousand at the end of 1942, about 35 thousand in January 1944). They fought for populated areas, liberated cities and entire regions. During 32 months of fighting behind enemy lines, the partisans exterminated about 114 thousand enemy soldiers and officers, blew up and burned a large amount of military equipment, destroyed bridges, communication lines, and blew up enemy warehouses.

In June - August 1944, Soviet troops, with the support of ships and aircraft of the Baltic Fleet, carried out the Vyborg Operation of 1944 and the Svir-Petrozavodsk Operation of 1944, liberated the city of Vyborg on June 20, and Petrozavodsk on June 28.

The Battle of Leningrad was of enormous political and strategic importance. In the battle for Leningrad, Soviet troops took over up to 15-20% of the enemy forces on the Eastern Front and the entire Finnish army, and defeated up to 50 German divisions. The soldiers and residents of the city showed examples of heroism and selfless devotion to the Motherland. Many units and formations that took part in the Battle of Leningrad were converted into guards units or became decorated. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers received government awards, hundreds received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, five of them twice: A.E. Mazurenko, P.A. Pokryshev, V.I. Rakov, N.G. Stepanyan and N.V. Chelnokov. The daily care of the Party Central Committee, the Soviet government and the support of the entire country were inexhaustible sources of strength for the Leningraders to overcome the trials and hardships of the 900-day blockade. On December 22, 1942, the Soviet government established the medal “For the Defense of Leningrad.” On January 26, 1945, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded Leningrad the Order of Lenin, and on May 8, 1965, in commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, awarded Leningrad the honorary title of Hero City.

Goals and objectives: Enrich students' knowledge about the heroic past of their country. Show the courage, pain and heroism of the residents of besieged Leningrad. To cultivate feelings of patriotism, pride and respect for the older generation, who survived the difficult conditions of the blockade and restored the country in the post-war period.

Preliminary preparation: students of 9th and 10th grades are involved, presentation, poems and songs about besieged Leningrad; computer; projector; screen.

Plan (pages): 1) The enemy is at the gate. 2) In besieged Leningrad. 3) Children of the besieged city. 4) And the muses were not silent...

Progress of the event

Teacher's opening remarks:

Good afternoon, high school students and guests. Our meeting is dedicated to one of the most terrible events of the Great Patriotic War - the siege of Leningrad. Our memory lesson is called “Through the pages of besieged Leningrad.”

Guest Introduction: Chief Librarian of the Family Reading Library; Head of the Veterans Club "Rainbow".

The Russian government declared January 27 the Day of Military Glory of Russia. On this day in 1944, the blockade of the city of Leningrad was lifted.

Presenter 1. There is a large and beautiful city-hero, a city-soldier, a city-worker standing above the Neva. Each city has its own face, its own destiny, its own history. More than once in its history, the city changed its name: St. Petersburg, simply Petersburg, Petrograd, Leningrad and St. Petersburg again. But today we will talk about Leningrad. History knows many examples of heroic defense of cities. But the legends of hoary antiquity and the tragic pages of the past pale before that incomparable epic of human courage, perseverance and selfless patriotism, which was the almost 900-day defense of besieged Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War.

Presenter 2. Leningrad. Neva Stronghold. Its monuments and monuments, the names of streets, squares, and embankments tell different stories. Many of them are like scars left over from severe trials and bloody battles. Leningraders were real fighters, although not all of them met the Nazis face to face. Their enemy was death, and its allies were hunger, thirst, cold, darkness... blockade. The years go by, but they do not take away the past: the heroes of those years are still with us today. Let us turn to them and live with them, at least mentally, those endlessly long 900 days, each of which is marked by feat and self-sacrifice in the name of Victory.

The first page of "Enemy at the Gates".

Presenter 3. By the beginning of September 1941, at the cost of huge losses, Nazi troops reached the closest approaches to the city and blocked it from land. The organizers of the defense of Leningrad quickly placed thousands of people in the city’s defense areas. Some went to the ranks of the people's militia, to the construction of defensive lines, to hospitals, others to factories. People worked 12-14 hours a day. Until October 1941, 96 enterprises were removed from Leningrad, museums and theaters were evacuated, but residents did not even allow the thought that the Germans could approach the city itself.

Presenter 1. The fascist German command expected to capture Leningrad during the first three weeks of the war. It set the time for the parade of German troops on Palace Square, distributed guides to Leningrad to soldiers and officers, and even printed invitation cards to a gala banquet at the Astoria Hotel. But the triumphal procession did not take place. Moscow and Leningrad were doomed to complete destruction - along with their inhabitants. Hitler set the task of taking the city by storm, razing it to the ground and making it uninhabitable. But, alas, it was not possible. Then Hitler relied on famine. “Leningrad will eat itself up,” he cynically repeated. The enemy hoped that starving, freezing, exhausted people would grab each other by the throat for a piece of bread, for a sip of water, would hate each other, and stop working. But that didn't happen. The Nazis hated Leningrad and were afraid of it.

Musical number.

Second page “In besieged Leningrad.”

Presenter 2. On August 30, the railway connection with Leningrad was interrupted. By this time there were over 2.5 million there. residents, among whom were women, old people and children. Communication between Leningrad and the country was maintained only through Lake Ladoga, and food supplies in the city were negligible. Having captured the suburbs, Nazi troops continuously shelled the city and subjected it to air bombing. September 8, 1941 was one of the darkest days for Leningraders. The blockade ring closed. For almost 900 days (from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944), Leningrad lived and fought in the enemy ring. Leningraders experienced incredible difficulties and suffering during the siege. The whole country helped the courageous defenders of the city.

Presenter 3. A route was laid on the ice of Lake Ladoga. And on November 13, 1941, when the ice became free, a horse transport battalion set off along it. The horses were not fed; many could barely pull even the empty sleighs. Some of the carts fell through the ice along the way, but the first tens of tons of flour were delivered. The convoys walked along the ice under constant bombing, so this path was nicknamed “The Road of Death,” but later another name appeared - “The Road of Life.” Transportation through Ladoga did not immediately reach the required scale, and the bread portion was reduced, it was 250 grams (for workers) and 125 grams (for everyone) per day.

Presenter 1.(A piece of bread is in the background of the slide) This is exactly what this heavy, raw piece looked like.

One hundred twenty-five blockade grams,
With fire and blood in half.

This slice, this dark brown sticky mass that smacked of bitterness, can hardly be called bread. It consisted of 40% of various impurities, which included cellulose obtained from wood. Many fell from weakness and died right on the streets. Hunger not only took away physical strength. Dystrophy is a serious disease that disfigures both the appearance and psyche of a person. Many first swelled, then began to dry out. The man gradually turned into a skeleton covered with skin.

Presenter 2. It is impossible to overestimate the labor valor of Leningraders. People did not sleep enough, were malnourished, but fulfilled the tasks assigned to them. The Kirov plant found itself dangerously close to German troops. Defending their hometown and factory, thousands of workers built fortifications day and night. The plant was working around the clock to manufacture tanks. The plant was bombed, shells exploded in the workshops, fires broke out, but no one left the workplace. Tanks came out of the factory gates every day and headed straight to the front.

Presenter 3. In November 1942, during the difficult days of the siege, the production of shells and mines exceeded a million pieces per month. The soldiers and population made every effort to prevent the enemy from entering Leningrad. In case it was still possible to break into the city, a plan was developed to destroy the enemy troops and Leningrad. Factories, bridges, public buildings were mined and, at a signal, they would fly into the air - piles of stones and iron would fall on the heads of the fascists, rubble would block the path of their tanks. The civilian population was ready for street fighting. The example of Leningraders confirms that successful rebuff to the enemy depends not only on the army, but also on the participation of the entire people in the struggle.

Reader:

We were digging ditches - we were thirsty.
They bombed us - I wanted to live.
No big words were spoken.
There was a pillbox on each of the corners.
There was a house - no light, no water.
There was bread - the additional weight of trouble.
The dream was shrinking into oblivion.
Life turned into being.
There was one fate for everyone.
We lost our bright laughter.
We quelled the dark fear.
We died at our posts.
We were dying...
The city lived -
Filled with our small strengths.

Third page “Children of the besieged city.”

Presenter 1. The librarian will tell us about the children of besieged Leningrad.

The enemy failed to strangle the Leningraders in the grip of the starvation blockade. Leningrad remained an impregnable fortress, where every resident was a fighter, and the front and rear merged into one. December 28, 1941. An eleven-year-old Leningrad girl Tanya Savicheva made the first entry in her diary on this day: “Zhenya died on December 28 at 12.00. morning 1941. Slightly breaking the chronology, we present the rest of the entries in this amazing diary, consisting of only a few lines: “Grandmother died on January 25. 3 o'clock in the afternoon 1942 Leka died on March 17 at 5 o'clock. morning 1942. Uncle Vasya died on April 13. 2 o'clock at night 1942. Uncle Lesha May 10 at 4 o'clock in the afternoon 1942. Mom May 13 at 7.30 am 1942. The Savichevs died. Everyone died."

Tanya Savicheva's diary appeared at the Nuremberg trials as one of the indictment documents against fascist criminals. There were many other children who shared the fate of Tanya Savicheva. From Tanya Bogdanova’s letter to her father at the front: “Dear daddy! I know that it will be hard for you to hear about my death, and I really didn’t want to die, but nothing can be done. Mommy tried hard to support me, she even tore off a piece of bread from herself. On April 8, she dressed me and carried me in her arms into the yard into the sun. Dear daddy! Don't be too upset. I lie and wait for you every day, and when I forget, you begin to appear to me.” This letter was published at the end of 1981 in Leningradskaya Pravda. Schoolgirl Larisa Severskaya remembers. “We schoolchildren were on duty on the roofs, providing first aid. There was no light in the city, no water, severe frosts began, and the bombing did not stop. All around people were falling from exhaustion, children were asking for food, and we, schoolchildren, harnessed ourselves to sleighs and went to the Neva to fetch water for the families of the fighters, where there were small children. You carry water under fire, and by the time you deliver it, it will freeze, and there is nothing to heat it up. We walked around looking for wood chips and fragments of boards near the destroyed houses. Almost all of our guys worked in hospitals, and we also helped sort out the mail; there was a dazzle in the eyes, it seemed like you were going to fall, but what a joy it was when the residents went to the building management and received letters from their relatives from the front.”

Musical number.

Fourth page “And the muses were not silent…. »

Presenter 1. The floor is given to the head of the Rainbow Veterans Club.

Writers, artists, musicians, and painters helped to defeat the enemy with their weapons - the weapons of literature and art. They spoke to workers on the factory floors, in military units, on the front lines, they read their works, calling for Victory. Vera Inber, writer and poetess, read her diary “Almost Three Years,” which she wrote with cold fingers in the light of a smokehouse, accompanied by the howl of a siren and the explosion of shells in a besieged city. In her stories about Leningrad children, she wrote about the flour from which those same 125 grams of bread were baked. The largest library in the country, the State Public Library, never stopped working for a single day. Saltykova - Shchedrin. The poet N. Tikhonov, among essays, stories, appeals, appeals, leaflets, poems, posters, published a report on the situation in the city every month on the pages of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper.

“The enemy could not overpower us by force, he wants to take us by hunger,
Take Leningrad away from Russia, take away all the Leningraders.
This will never happen on the Neva Holy Bank,
The working Russian people will die and will not surrender to the enemy.”
N. Tikhonov.

The Leningrad Radio operated, which provided its broadcast to famous writers and poets. Poems by Anna Akhmatova and Olga Bergolts were heard on the radio. The old Kazakh poet Dzhambul Dzhabayev said well about the Leningraders:

Leningraders, my children!
Leningraders, my pride!
The steel door is breaking in on you,
Like an eternity, hungry,
Distraught from loss
Many-headed, greedy boa constrictor...
He will die at your outposts!
No teeth and no scales
The snake will hiss in its writhings,
The nightingales will sing again,
Our land will be free.

Composer Dmitry Shostakovich, People's Artist of the USSR, Lenin Prize laureate, created a mighty symphony of the coming Victory over the enemy in besieged Leningrad. The 7th symphony was performed in the cold, unheated room of the Leningrad Conservatory, conducted by E. Mravinsky. The soldiers who came to the city from the front line also listened, the workers also listened, everyone who was able to come, come to the conservatory, not for pleasure, but in order to hear the call for Victory, to feel faith in the Great Victory. The feat of the defenders of Leningrad overshadowed ancient myths and historical ones about the endurance, fortitude and heroism of cities besieged by the enemy. Leningraders showed themselves to be true patriots. They made enormous sacrifices, but never doubted their victory for a minute. During the harsh days of the blockade, about 1 million Leningraders died from hunger, disease, and bombing. Many of them are buried at the Piskarevskoye cemetery. The battle for Leningrad is over. For 900 days, Leningraders and Soviet soldiers, with the support and assistance of the entire country, defended the city in battles and hard work. Neither hunger and cold, nor aerial bombings and artillery shelling broke the glorious defenders of the city. The Motherland highly appreciated the merits of the hero city. On January 26, 1945, he was awarded the Order of Lenin. More than 930 thousand people were awarded the medal “For the Defense of Leningrad”.

Reader: I think:
When the fireworks go off,
The dead siege survivors rise up.
They are to the Neva
They walk down the streets
Like everyone else alive
They just don't sing.
Not because
What do they not want with us?
But because they are dead
They are silent.
We don't hear them
We don't see them
But the dead are always
Among the living.
They go and look
As if they are waiting for an answer:
You are this life
Are you standing or not?

Presenter 1. I propose to honor the memory of all those who died during the Great Patriotic War with a minute of silence.

Musical number.

Presenter 1. Our grief for those who died during the siege is limitless. But she gave birth to strength, not weakness. Our duty is to be grateful to the people who gave their lives in the name of our lives, to be worthy of them. We wish everyone goodness and peace. Our event is over. We thank our guests for cooperating with us.

Topic: “Blockade. 900 days in the life of Leningraders."

(Dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the lifting of the siege of Leningrad).

Target: formation of the civil and moral position of middle and senior students in relation to the great events of the history of the Fatherland.

Tasks:

Introduce the chronology of this period and the most important events. Expand the concepts: blockade, siege, Military Council, Defense Council, food cards, “road of life”, operation “Spark” - a partial breakthrough of the blockade. Pay special attention to the pages of life in the besieged city: daily raids and shelling, hunger, the situation of children and adolescents, the behavior of the population.

To develop students’ oral narrative skills, the ability to clearly and concisely present the essence of the most important events, and to develop cartographic skills. Learn to make judgments, draw conclusions, and present conclusions based on the material presented.

Using the example of the behavior of Leningraders during the siege, show the courage and perseverance that manifest themselves on a daily basis. Bring students to understand that the feat of Leningraders lies in their ability to remain human in inhuman living conditions. To help come to the conclusion that the lesson taught by the residents of besieged Leningrad is that the main value in life is fortitude, which helps to withstand the most difficult periods of life (“no man lives by bread alone”).

Form: literary and musical composition using presentation.

Methods: verbal, visual.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, screen, presentation.

Event content:

Teacher's opening speech: This year marks 69 years since the beginning of one of the most important events in the history of our country of the 20th century - the Great Patriotic War. We will not list all its events. Today we will focus on just one. It lasted from September 8, 1941 to January 18, 1943 – 900 days and went down in history under the name “Blockade”. We will dedicate our lesson to the memory of Leningraders who lived, worked, and fought during these difficult days in the besieged city.

Presentation (slide 1)

By 1941, Nazi Germany had conquered all of Europe without suffering significant losses and reached the borders of the Soviet Union.

Presentation (slide 2)

But German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler dreamed of an incomparably greater victory - living space in the East, obtained as a result of the defeat of the Soviet Union. The Barbarossa plan envisaged ending the war before the onset of cold weather and reaching the Astrakhan-Volga-Arkhangelsk line. The city on the Neva was to be captured by July 21, 1941. It was assumed that Leningrad would cease to exist, as would Moscow, Stalingrad, and other majestic cities of the Soviet Union.

Presentation (slide 3).

Presentation (slide 4). Demonstration of the invasion map.

German troops advanced in three army groups: north, center, south. In the Leningrad direction, a northern group of troops operated under the command of Field Marshal von Leeb with a total number of 500 thousand people. Leeb was tasked with destroying units of the Soviet army located in the Baltic states, developing an offensive through Dvinsk, Pskov, Luga, capturing all naval bases on the Baltic Sea and capturing Leningrad by July 21. On June 22, the enemy attacked the covering units of the Soviet armies.

The blow was powerful and unexpected. Soon our military formations lost contact with the headquarters of their armies. From the first day of the war, the Baltic Military District was transformed into the northwestern front. In terms of the number of troops, his forces were smaller; the Germans had a significant advantage in tanks, aircraft, and machine guns. But the main advantage of the enemy was that he had the ability to strike at units scattered along the border. The reserves arrived only on the fifth to seventh day from the beginning of the war. The actions of the Soviet troops were complicated by the fact that the roads were clogged with huge crowds of people. The builders of the fortified zone and refugees from the border areas moved inland, blocking the path to military formations.

A few days later, having captured the Baltic states, Leeb's troops invaded the RSFSR. Finnish troops were advancing from the north towards Leningrad across the Karelian Isthmus. On July 10, enemy tank formations broke through the front near Pskov and moved in a wide stream towards Luga. Leningrad was 200 kilometers away. The encirclement ring was shrinking.

Presentation (slide 5) Soldiers cover the retreat.

Anatoly Chivilikhin

We are covering the retreat

The retreat is covered by the fourth company.

The dim sun rises over Volkhov.

The German infantry is pressing us.

We are suicide bombers. We are covering the retreat.

Brother! There's a pile of torn stones -

Crawl there and grab a machine gun.

Whoever is superfluous, quickly get out of here.

Don't you see that we are covering the retreat!

Farewell! This is not your fate,

You can’t just leave, because your turn will come...

We need to hold out for an hour, no more.

We'll hold out - we'll cover the retreat.

Don’t think, I’ll die, I won’t leave my people behind.

There's the last boat giving up -

Swim, if you are in time, tell the captain:

We all died. We covered the retreat.

1941.

Presentation (slide 6). Evacuation.

Mass evacuation begins. Leaving their homes, the population hoped to go deeper into the country, but they could not evacuate further than Leningrad: the railways and dirt roads were captured by the enemy. Refugees lived for a long time in wagons, driven into dead-end railway junctions, experiencing inconvenience and hardship. They waited patiently for the cut tracks to be cleared of the enemy and for the carriages to move on. Expectations were not met. At the end of July, the evacuation of Leningrad residents, especially children, began. People cried as they parted with their families. Many of them never managed to meet.

Meanwhile, the Nazis were approaching the city. On August 21, enemy units occupied the Chudovo station and cut the Oktyabrskaya railway.

After stubborn fighting, the Mga railway junction was captured on August 30. The last railway connecting Leningrad with the country was blocked.

On September 6, German bombers raided troops defending the approaches to Shlisselburg. On the morning of September 8, the Nazis reached the southern shore of Lake Ladoga and captured the city of Shlisselburg at the source of the Neva.

The Finns continued to advance towards Leningrad from the north. The enemy's ring tightened. Leningrad was blocked from land, and ship traffic along the Neva ceased.

From the direction of Uritsk, enemy troops were at the closest distance from Leningrad. The suburbs where trams usually went were captured. Only 14 - 15 kilometers separated the Germans from the city center. With the naked eye, the Nazis saw the outskirts of Leningrad, factory chimneys, portal cranes of shipyards, the dome of St. Isaac's Cathedral. The cities of Petrodvorets and Pushkin were occupied.

Presentation (slide 7). Portraits of Voroshilov and Zhdanov.

Back in July, Marshal Voroshilov, commander of the northwestern front, arrived from the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command in Leningrad. He and the secretary of the Leningrad City Committee of the Communist Party, Zhdanov, create the City Defense Council during the siege.

Presentation (slide 8). Smolny.

The Military Council of the North-Western Front and the City Defense Council were located in the Smolny building. From here came the leadership of the military operations of troops and the economic activities of enterprises. Enemy aircraft carried out raids here many times, but to no avail. On August 21, the military council of the front addressed the residents of Leningrad with a call to defend the city, and the Leningraders immediately responded.

Presentation (slide 9). Militia.

Poem by A. Akhmatova “Courage” (audio recording).

Presentation (slide 10). Portrait of Zhukov.

The enemy was rushing into the city. The situation was critical. And in September, headquarters decides to change the commander-in-chief of the northwestern front. He was appointed G.K. Zhukov. By that time, General Zhukov had in his arsenal victories over the Japanese at Lake Khasan and the Khalkhin Gol River. Having determined the direction of the enemy's attacks, he strengthens the defense and prepares a counterattack to the enemy. To accomplish this task, Zhukov transfers a significant part of the sailors of the Baltic Fleet to the ground forces, and places them in particularly responsible areas “Schwarze Toodt” - “black death” - as the Nazis called the marines.

Show slide 11. Marine Corps.

Presentation (slide 12). Demonstration of the “Blockade” map.

By September 29, 1941, the front line around Leningrad consisted of three huge arcs, their ends resting on the water.

Two arcs closed the city from the south and from the north, forming a large ring with an area of 2850 km 2. The front line came so close to the city that the Nazis could subject it to artillery fire.

The third arc, 60 kilometers long from the southwestern coast of the Gulf of Finland to Peterhof, covered the Primorsky coast from the south. The military units defending this bridgehead were pressed against the sea. The depth of the bridgehead was 26 kilometers at its widest point, which made its defense extremely difficult. The enemy command knew how great the importance of this strip of land was for the Baltic Fleet. Having captured the Primorsky coast, enemy artillery would paralyze the movement of our ships between Kronstadt and Leningrad. To achieve this goal, the Nazis abandoned hundreds of aircraft. Bombs and shells plowed the ground square by square. It was fiery ground, soaked in blood.

Having lost the striking force for the offensive, the enemy weakened his attacks.

Hitler and his staff admitted: Leningrad cannot be taken by storm. The angry Fuhrer expressed his views on the events near Leningrad to prominent generals of the German army: “Leeb did not fulfill the task assigned to him. He is trampling around Leningrad, and now he is asking to be given several divisions to storm the city. But this means weakening other fronts and disrupting the attack on Moscow. And there is no certainty whether Leningrad will be taken by storm. This city needs to be starved to death, all supply routes must be actively cut off so that a mouse cannot get through, it must be mercilessly bombed from the air, and then the city will collapse like an overripe fruit.”

And the siege began. The Nazis waged it with extreme frenzy and gloating. “On our side, in this war, which is being fought for life and death, there is no interest in preserving at least part of the population of this large city,” said the directive of the chief of staff of the German naval war leadership, who was under the Army Group North. .

On September 4, the Nazis fired their first shots at the city from 240-mm guns. The first shell explosions on the streets came as a surprise to the population. Everyone knew that the enemy had come close, but somehow it was hard to believe that the Nazis could shoot at the city. During the first three days of artillery bombardment, 53 people were killed and 101 wounded. Soon the enemy began intensive bombardment of the city from the air, dropping hundreds of incendiary and high-explosive bombs. Fires started, and shrill sirens frequently cut the air. Badaevsky food warehouses caught fire.

Presentation (slide 13).

Fire at the Badaevsky warehouses. The howl of a siren.

Presentation (slide 14).

The writing is on the wall. The sound of shells.

The bombs were filled with a gelatinous, highly flammable substance - napalm. This composition ignited instantly, and bombs filled with it were not easy to extinguish. Fascist aircraft mercilessly bombed residential buildings and industrial facilities, hospitals and schools. The bombings continued for a long time, Leningraders sat for many hours in a bomb shelter, having heard about the start of the shelling, they habitually crossed to the other side of the street and turned off the kerosene lamps in their houses. But the number of killed and wounded did not decrease. Often, returning to his home after several hours of flying, a person found only smoking ruins. From the road coming from Lake Ladoga, after dark it seemed as if the city was on fire. Tongues of fire cut through the darkness, reaching high into the sky. In the middle of the night the glow was especially bright. The roar of cannon fire intensified the impression of this terrible spectacle.

But the Leningraders did not give a feeling of depression. People were prepared for any surprises. Self-defense groups on duty kept watch at the entrances of houses and on the roofs. The fires were extinguished by the efforts of teams of volunteers. Everywhere there was an atmosphere of alertness, a sensible assessment of the emergency situation in which Leningrad found itself.

Show slide number 15.

Victims of enemy shelling.

Show slide number 16.

Peterhof was destroyed.

Show slide number 17.

Children maimed by shells.

Show slide number 18. Poster.

We won't give it up!

The cannonade does not stop in the morning,

So day after day, so many, many days

The enemies want in the place of Leningrad

Leave behind piles of dust and stones.

Their leaflets spoke about this -

Evidence of the enemy's powerlessness.

Pushkin, Nevskaya Dubrovka were burning,

The Nevsky meadows were smoking.

And Leningrad saw these fires,

And the enemy, we are chasing alive with greed,

He pressed on everything, hating mortally

Everything is Russian, everything connected with it!

But we are a wall from earth to sky

Everyone stood up and defended the light.

And Ladoga and distant Onega

We heard a standing voice: “No!”

No, we will not surrender the city of Russian glory

And we will protect you from earth to sky,

Its majestic gardens and parks,

We will not give our shrines to our enemies!

We will not give up the deeds that elevated Smolny,

Meadows, with which the city is surrounded,

We will not give up the waves of the Neva freely,

Let's not betray our children and wives!

We will not give it up to a soulless evil force

The customs of the people are their light

And we will block her path deep into Russia,

To the immortality of my people!..

Alexander Prokofiev.

Show slide 19. Street of besieged Leningrad.

The autumn of 1941 became a special page in besieged Leningrad, because in November another terrible enemy was added to the almost continuous enemy raids and bombings - hunger.

The invasion of enemy troops into the territory of the Soviet Union and their rapid advance into the interior of the country put the national economy in an extremely difficult situation. On the territory of the USSR captured by the Germans, by November 1941, before the war, 38% of grain, 84% of sugar, 60% of meat and dairy products were produced.

With the approach of hostilities to the walls of Leningrad, great difficulties arose in the city in supplying troops and the population with food. From that time on, the troops and sailors of the Baltic Fleet ate from the products available in the city. In addition, Leningrad was replenished with refugees from the Baltic states, Pskov, Luga, Petrozavodsk, and Karelia.

At the beginning of September, a recount of all food supplies in the city was carried out. Due to the situation, the Military Council makes a decision to reduce food consumption; cards are introduced for bread, cereals, sugar, and fats. With the beginning of the raids on the city, food warehouses also came under attack. To avoid their death from fires, the flour was transported to warehouses in safer places. Residents of suburban areas, by decision of the Military Council, had to hand over all their potatoes. Persons who hid vegetables were prosecuted. Most of the potatoes were still in the ground, as the potato fields remained in the shelling zone. Noticing the movement of people on the field, the Germans opened fire, and many died. They harvested potatoes mostly at night, crawled into the fields, hid in craters, dug the ground lying down and put the potatoes in heaps. Thus, the population received an additional 9,652 tons of vegetables, or less than four kilograms per person.

Later they began to harvest pine needles. A vitamin infusion containing vitamin C was made from it. During the blockade, this drink saved people from scurvy.

Show slide 20. Funeral.

But hunger grew stronger every day. Occasionally, food was delivered by barge across Lake Ladoga, but there was a catastrophic shortage of it.

Already in October, frosts came unexpectedly early, and then, along with a piercing wind, real frosts. Fuel was obtained from wherever possible. Empty kiosks, furniture, and destroyed wooden houses were used. In November, dystrophy and cold drove 11,000 people to the grave. The first to die were older men. They, unlike women of the same age, turned out to be less resistant to hunger. This phenomenon, according to doctors, is explained by the greater resistance of women’s bodies to deprivation.

However, hunger soon equalized everyone. In December, death struck people, regardless of gender and age.

Health authorities created a wide network of treatment points where weakened people were given intravenous glucose infusions. These measures helped me get back on my feet. So what is next? Acute hunger was making itself felt more and more, young and old, men and women were dying. People's legs and arms became weaker, their bodies became numb, numbness gradually approached their hearts, and death occurred.

Death overtook people everywhere - on the street, while moving, a person fell and did not rise again; in the apartment - he went to bed and fell asleep forever; often life ended at the machine. It was difficult to bury. A line of people trudged along the snow-covered streets and, straining their last strength, pulled the sleds on which the dead lay. The dead were buried without coffins, wrapped in a sheet or blanket, and later simply in the clothes the person died in. Often, exhausted, people left the dead halfway.

Workers from public utilities and healthcare, driving around the streets and alleys every day, picked up corpses and took them to Serafimovskoye, Bolsheokhtinskoye, Smolenskoye, and Bogoslovskoye cemeteries. But most of all the dead were taken to the outskirts of the city, to a huge wasteland next to the old Piskarevskaya road. This is how the now well-known Piskarevskoe cemetery was formed.

Show slide 21. Piskarevskoe cemetery.

Show slide 22. Documentary film “Hunger”.

Show slide 23. Siege life.

This is an illustration of the siege life of Leningraders: a kerosene lamp, a potbelly stove and a man holding siege bread in the palm of his hand like a great treasure: a mixture of cake, cellulose (wood) flour and rye dust. After eating a piece of bread, you feel bitterness in your mouth.

And this announcement shows the norms for the daily distribution of bread in grams to the population using ration cards for November.

The card was more valuable than money, more valuable than paintings, more valuable than all treasures. From this it followed that the attitude towards the issuance of cards should be strict. At the beginning of October, the Military Council ordered the Leningrad City Executive Committee:

Cards will be issued to citizens only after a thorough check of documents, and officials who violate the issuance procedure will be held criminally liable.

Lost card was not restored:

In view of the impossibility of establishing an imaginary loss from a genuine one, stopping the issuance of cards to replace the lost one is a wide gateway for food leakage.

Show slide 24. Standards for issuing bread.

It was hard for children who had crossed the threshold of their eleventh birthday. At the twelfth year of life, the child's card was replaced with a dependent card. The child grew older, took part in defusing incendiary bombs, took on some of the hard work and household chores on his fragile shoulders, helping his parents, and his rations decreased.

Dependents - this is what teenagers and other non-working population were called in besieged Leningrad.

Teenagers... our peers. They are no longer children and therefore everyone understands and is aware of this terrible time. But they are not yet adults, who do not have the opportunity to go to the front or stand at a machine in a factory. They matured early. The war forced them to do this. They had to be persistent and courageous, because they understood that without their help their parents would not be able to withstand the ordeal. They were the ones who protected their younger sisters and brothers during night bombings, met exhausted mothers after night shifts in hospitals and factories, and wrote letters to their brothers and fathers at the front.

And the greatest feat of Leningrad schoolchildren was that they studied. Yes, they studied, no matter what, and together and next to them, the image of a Leningrad teacher will forever be preserved in the history of the city’s defense. They stand one another - teachers and students. Both of them walked from frozen apartments through the cold and snow drifts, sometimes five or six kilometers, to the same frozen, icy classrooms, and some taught, while others studied. They first learned the value of each other when both of them died in front of each other on the snowy streets of the city, at a desk or at a chalkboard.

The main textbook of life for them was war.

There are schools in Leningrad that did not stop working during the most difficult days of winter. And most of the schools that did not work during these most difficult months resumed their work on May 1 and started graduating in the fall.

Poem by R. Rozhdestvensky.

That winter was like a war - fierce.

Drilled,

Wind baked.

The snow lay in a heap in January.

And the houses groaned under his weight.

Frost crept across the cracked floor.

The new teacher Sergei Sanych coughed.

The ink froze in our classroom,

And control dictation

The head teacher canceled...

Not by chance

It hurts in the morning

Throat,

Because they stayed all over the world

Only winter and war -

From the seasons!..

And the blizzard lashed the ground heavily,

And the river trembled in an icy roar.

And the holes in the windows bloomed all around,

As if every

Someone hit

Bullet!..

And the neighbor put on a widow’s scarf.

And she moaned late and late...

That winter was like a war - long.

I remember

And even now

I'm freezing.

Show slide 25. Children.

Children became another sad page of besieged Leningrad...

Little kids under five years old and younger schoolchildren who are already beginning to understand something - children's faces with adult eyes.

Poem by A. Akhmatova

The gaps in the garden are dug,

The lights are not on.

St. Petersburg orphans,

My children!

I can't breathe underground,

Pain drills into my temple,

Can be heard through the bombing

Show slide 26. Child.

War and children are incompatible words. Just like children and orphanhood, children and hunger, children and death. Not a single heart, mind, or soul of a person can combine these concepts. But this happened in besieged Leningrad. For the Nazis, children who, in an attempt to save them from hunger and death, were taken out of the city on barges on Lake Ladoga were just an object. An object that had to be destroyed, like all living things in Leningrad.

And fascist planes mercilessly bombed barges with children.

During the raids, nurses and teachers accompanying children to the mainland covered them with their bodies and pea coats, saying in despair: “Lord! Who are they fighting with?! Can't they see? These are children... Who are they fighting with?!”

Screening of the documentary film “Children of Leningrad”.

Show slide 27. Tanya Savicheva.

There were thousands of children like Tanya Savicheva in Leningrad. Happy and joyful, surrounded by family before the war and having lost almost everything with its onset. Behind the sparse lines written in a child’s handwriting is not a child’s melancholy: “Everyone died. There was only Tanya left...” Tanya Savicheva died without living to see the victory. After her, several pieces of notebook paper were left on the ground, enormous human grief, and also the inhuman courage and fortitude of a little girl, who wrote out the names of people close to her with weakened fingers.

Tanya Savicheva's diary appeared at the Nuremberg trials as one of the indictment documents against fascist criminals.

The poetess Anna Akhmatova dedicated the following lines to all the children who died during the Leningrad siege:

Knock with your fist and I'll open it.

I always opened up to you.

I'm now behind a high mountain,

Beyond the desert, beyond the wind and heat,

But I will never betray you...

I didn't hear your moan.

You didn't ask me for bread.

Bring me a maple branch

Or just blades of green grass,

Like you brought last spring.

Bring me a handful of clean ones,

Our Neva icy water,

And from your golden head

I will wash away the bloody traces.

Show slide 28. The road of life.

The only road connecting besieged Leningrad with the mainland was Lake Ladoga.

Until November 15, 1941, cargo was delivered to the besieged city by ships and barges, at the cost of incredible efforts. Storms occurred very often, and Peter I ordered the construction of canals along the shore of the lake due to the frequent loss of ships. But in 1941 there was no choice: the Nazis occupied the territory right up to the shores. In addition, fascist planes frantically sank slow-moving water transport.

In November, navigation on Lake Ladoga was stopped, and the city froze in hungry anticipation.

For mass transportation of goods, ice 200 millimeters thick was needed. And then that bright day came when the movement of cars on the ice began - November 22. Two-ton trucks carried only three or four bags of food, and sleds with two or three bags were attached behind - this reduced the pressure on the ice. Cars, one after another, driving around unfrozen ice holes, carried cargo from Kabona station to Vaganovo station, and took exhausted people back. This is how the Road of Life was born - a winter road on the ice of Lake Ladoga, 30 kilometers away.

Show slide 29. Cars on the road of life.

But what were these 30 kilometers! The road crews, overcoming the incredible difficulties of a brutal winter, built six paths across the lake. Three - in one direction, and three - in the opposite direction, this allowed drivers to make two or three turns per day. Everyone on whom the normal operation of the road depended: traffic controllers working to clear snow, repairmen, drivers - each at his post performed his task like a fighter. At this time severe frosts set in. The icy wind at temperatures below 30 degrees burned my face and penetrated my body to the bones. The drivers’ hands were numb, but people went to storm Ladoga.

The Nazis did not leave the road of life alone. They bombed and shelled the highway (5,000 raids were carried out in 6 months). But they did not achieve the desired result: the bombs pierced the ice and exploded at the bottom, the blast wave could not break the ice. The resulting craters were immediately marked with long poles with spruce branches at the ends. Car drivers noticed them from afar and drove around them in a timely manner.

In December 1941, when solid ice was established, the evacuation of the population began.

The winter road was in effect until April; in four months, 514,069 people were taken out of the besieged city. The road saved the lives of many, many people. The poetess Olga Fedorovna Berggolts, who lived during the blockade in Leningrad, dedicated the following lines to the road of life:

Bread came to us along the road of life,

The road of life of many to many.

They don't know on earth yet

Scarier and more joyful than the road.

Show slide 30. Leningrad and Volkhov fronts.

In the middle of the second week of January 1943, a short telephone conversation took place between the commander of the Nazi 18th Army, von Lindenmann, and the commander of the 170th German Infantry Division, General Sander.

What's new on your site? Lindenman asked.

Mr. Colonel General, his interlocutor hurriedly began to report, repeating the report already sent to his superiors, “my scouts are observing a revival on the right bank of the Neva. The enemy is obviously amassing troops there. There is a danger that the Russians will soon advance.

Linderman interrupted him:

What danger are you talking about? Have you forgotten how many Russian attempts we have already repelled? The bottleneck is now even stronger than before. Under no circumstances will the enemy be able to break it. Stay calm.

“Flyaschenhals” - “bottleneck” - this is what the Nazis called the protrusion of their front that abutted Lake Ladoga. This ledge cut off land roads from Leningrad to the mainland. It was narrow, 12-14 kilometers. On one side of it stood the troops of the Leningrad Front, on the other - the Volkhov Front. Our units have already tried to break the bottleneck more than once. So far this has not been possible, but the Nazis held on to the Flaschenhals at great cost.

Show slide 31. To the firing lines.

Our offensive was prepared carefully and for quite some time.

Back in the second half of November, several senior officers of the headquarters of the Leningrad Front began work, which no one knew about except them and the commander and members of the Military Council. The work was called “War Game No. 5.” Similar work was carried out at the headquarters of the Volkhov Front.

On December 8, the directive was approved. She proposed that the two fronts carry out an operation to break the blockade: with a joint blow from both sides, defeat the fascist German troops on the Shlisselburg-Sinyavino ledge. As a result, Leningrad was supposed to receive a direct land connection with the central regions of the country.

The former name “War Game No. 5” was replaced by a new one, also conditional, Operation “Spark”.

Show slide 32. Operation "Spark".

On January 12, 1943, at 9:30 a.m., voices spoke simultaneously, shouting one command: “Fire!” Artillery preparation for our offensive began.

The Leningrad Front met Volkhovsky on the battlefield and linked up with him on January 18, 1943. It took the troops of the two fronts seven days to overcome the 14 kilometers of space that separated them. It turns out that each of them advanced an average of one kilometer per day. The bottleneck was so strongly fortified, the enemy fought back so fiercely.

Show slide 33. Meeting of two fronts.

On January 18, at 9:30 a.m., the battalion led by Major Melkonyan broke into Workers' Village No. 1. The Nazis fled from there, unable to withstand attacks from both sides. On one side, Melkonyan’s fighters attacking, advancing from the Neva. Who's with the other one? He came out to meet the soldiers in smoky, burnt sheepskin coats and padded jackets.

Who are they?

Three hundred and seventy-second division!

So, Volkhovites? Password?

Victory, they answered him. - And the review?

Death to fascism!

These were conventional words by which Leningraders and Volkhovites could recognize each other. And, having learned, they hugged like brothers.

Show slide 34. Meeting of warriors.

Poem by Sergei Narovchatov. 1943. Three-minute celebration (breaking the blockade).

Three more salvos at the bastards!

And then at eleven forty

We are the first of the Volkhovites to rush in

To the burning First Village.

From the other end, past the shaky walls,

Crucified by fire in the wind,

Are they people, fascists, or through the foggy darkness?

The smoky camouflage suits show through.

To battle! But the spark of unexpected meetings

A word flashed in the distance.

Russian speech is becoming brighter and wider

It flares up towards us.

And where the destroyed pillbox stood frozen, -

At least put a monument over them, -

The St. Petersburg resident shakes hands with the Volkhov man,

They're kissing... you can't separate them!

Life should not be valued

Taking risks again and again

So that not us, so others can survive

Until that big day.

And right on the street flasks from belts

We pick it up and in the bright morning

For our victory, for the memory of it

At the celebration we drink for three minutes.

We kiss again. Time doesn't wait.

Having formed the battle formations,

Forever inseparable on a hike together

Until the last breath and shot.

Show slide 35. Victory.

This year marks 65 years since that happy day. One can imagine the joy of the Leningrad residents who survived, who defended their hometown, and the indescribable happiness of those who returned home. No bombing, unbearable cold, sleepless nights!

But the grief from the loss of loved ones, from those terrible pictures, is also inexhaustible.

Wars: the city had to be rebuilt.

Show slide 36. Monument to Peter.

Metronome sound.

This is the sound of the metronome that was heard on the Leningrad radio during the entire 900 days of the siege. This is how people heard time - seconds. And it seemed that the heart of the city was beating, which meant that the city was alive and there were living people nearby, this feeling became warmer.

Show slide 37. Militias.

The war found poetess Anna Akhmatova in Leningrad; she was evacuated from the besieged city. But her thoughts always turned to the people of Leningrad, dedicating such lines to them.

And you, my friends of the last call!

To mourn you, my life is spared,

Do not freeze over your memory like a weeping willow,

And shout all your names to the whole world!

What names are there! After all, it doesn’t matter – you are with us!..

Everyone on your knees, everyone! Crimson light poured out!

And Leningraders again walk through the smoke in rows -

The living are with the dead: there are no dead for glory.

Show slide 38. St. Isaac's Cathedral.

Show slide 39. Child and old man.

Metronome sound.

A minute of silence.

The siege of Leningrad is one of the most tragic and sad pages in the history of our country. A feat that does not fade in the memory of generations. In memory of the courage and dedication of the defenders of the city of Leningrad, the Day of Military Glory of Russia was established - the Day of Lifting the Siege of the City of Leningrad (1944).

74 years ago, on January 27, 1944, the blockade of Leningrad was broken, which lasted 900 long days and nights. In the library-branch No. 7 of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Sevastopol “Central Library for Adults”, events for young people and the older generation were held on the day of breaking the siege of Leningrad.

On January 22, employees of the library for students of the SPTK named after Marshal of the Engineering Troops A.V. Gelovani conducted an oral journal “The ongoing pain of the blockade.”

The oral journal opened with a video and a demonstration of photographs of besieged Leningrad and poems voiced by Vasiliev-Yumin: “ And with life, death was defeated and man and the city were victorious...».

The head of the library, Lyudmila Pavlovna Stasovskaya, asked the participants to honor the defenders of Leningrad who died and died of hunger and cold with a minute of silence. The video film “Unconquered Leningrad” was shown on the screen.

Lyudmila Pavlovna Stasovskaya spoke about the price Leningraders paid to survive the siege, presented pages of the heroic chronicle of the difficult days of the siege, and read the poems of O. Berggolts “Leningrad Diary”:

« Time is a healer and it repeats this role with everyone.
But there is human pain over which time has no power...”

The children also heard Olga Berggolts’s poem “I’m talking to you while shells whistle,” the story of Leningrad schoolgirl Tanya Savicheva, who during the siege kept a diary containing nine terrible lines: each line is dedicated to the death of one of her loved ones.

Another diary, Tanya Vassoevich, the lines of which became an indictment document at the Nuremberg trials. Both of them lived on Vasilyevsky Island. The diaries of two Tans are like two sides of a coin. The dark side is tragic death, the light side is the victory of the survivors.

The leading librarian of the reading room, Galina Alekseevna Rakhmanova, gave a review of the literature “Unconquered Leningrad”, dedicated to the defense and liberation of the city. I was very impressed by the story about the ration of bread for the blockade survivors, about what bread cards meant at that time. The guys learned about the “road of life”, which helped people survive and not die of starvation. The participants were presented with a book and photo exhibition “900 days of faith, courage, courage”, clearly showing the hard life of Leningraders in those difficult times for the entire country. Rakhmanova Galina Alekseevna spoke about the difficult trials that befell the residents of the besieged closed city of Leningrad: about hunger and cold, about children and women who worked equally with men in factories, about the protection and defense of Leningrad by Soviet soldiers. The feat of the defenders of Leningrad, the residents of the besieged city, left a bright mark on fiction and memoirs.

Leading librarian Galina Rakhmanova introduced the participants to the works of N. Khodza “The Road of Life”, V. Voskoboynikov “900 Days of Courage”, O. Berggolts “From the Notebook of 41 Years”, A. Chakovsky “Blockade”, I. Mixon “Once Upon a Time, There Was” , which describe the heroism and resilience of the inhabitants of Leningrad, the construction of the life-saving “road of life” across Lake Ladoga, etc.

The event aroused in young readers not only compassion and pride for the heroic feat of Leningraders and defenders of the city, but also interest in creativity about the great feat of the heroes of the defense of Leningraders.

On January 25, a meeting of the “Reading Circle” club was held at the library, dedicated to the day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad, the participants of which were Sevastopol writers, poets and artists: Ilchenko N.I., Podosinnikova L.A., Karmaza A.A., Proskuryakova E. .V., Zelenkina G.A., Velikaya E., Podgornaya E.A., Degtyareva R.M. Zhukovskaya V.A. and others.

Krivtsova N. P.,
Leading librarian of branch library No. 7
State Budgetary Institution of Sevastopol "Central Library for Adults"