What does it mean to jump up and not plow the land? Lekant P.A

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WORK MAKES THE HEART CHECKED
A jack of all trades is never bored. *** Without excitement, without care, do not expect joy from work. *** If there was a hunt, all work would work out. *** What the soul lies to, the hands will put their hands to. *** If there is work going on, there is no desire to sleep. *** He who loves work will not sleep for long. *** It’s better to work on Monday, but don’t be idle. *** You work conscientiously, you are not ashamed to look people in the eye.

MAN’S WORK FEEDS, BUT LAZINESS SPOILS
Work always gives, but laziness only takes. *** Where they work, it is dense, but in a lazy house it is empty. *** What's in the lazy man's yard is also on his table. *** He who is lazy is not valued. *** Every day a lazy person is lazy. *** The earth does not feed parasites. *** If you deal with a quitter, you will end up with grief. *** The lazy man saw jelly in a dream, but there was no spoon, he went to bed with a spoon, but he didn’t see jelly. *** Water does not flow under a lying stone.

IT'S ALWAYS A HOLIDAY FOR THE LAZY
The lazy man's law is simple: work an hour, stand half a shift. *** You can even chop a stump, just to spend the day. *** I would look out the window and eat oatmeal. *** Teach the smart, heal the sick, and don’t let the lazy near the stove. *** Only send lazy people to death.

IT'S LAZY TO PICK UP A SPOON, NOT LAZY TO EAT LUNCH
The lazy man eats with his hands and works with his belly. *** I either have breakfast or lunch, but I don’t know when to go for a walk. *** I’m not good at working, but I’m good at eating. *** Healthy in food, but frail in work. *** He eats for an ox, but works for a mosquito.

LAZY AND GET WET IN HIS HUT
A lazy person's roof leaks and his stove doesn't cook. *** Frost grabs the lazy one by the nose, and takes off his hat in front of the agile one. *** "Laziness, open the door, the house is on fire!" - “Even if I burn, I won’t open it.” *** And I would be glad to blow my nose, but here’s the problem: you have to extend your hand. *** It’s not a bear, you can look at it from afar. *** Either you, dad, go to the forest, and I’ll stay at home, or I’ll stay at home, and you go to the forest.

THE LAZY AND BE LAZY
Don't be afraid of me, little worker: I won't touch you. *** If only there were bread and clothes, I would eat lying down. *** Emelya also went to the stove for firewood. *** He sits, pouts, puts on his shoes three at a time. *** I'm lazy and tired of sitting. *** And the stone will become covered with moss.

SLEEPY AND LAZY - TWO BROTHERS
He slept without his hind legs, but could not get up. *** Get up, Arkhip, the rooster is hoarse. *** Ulyana woke up neither late nor early: everyone was leaving work, and she was right there. *** He who gets up early takes the fungi, but the sleepy and lazy go after the nettles. *** You can’t make bags out of sleep.

WHERE A QUILER WALKS, THE EARTH WILL NOT BIRTH
A slacker on a collective farm is like a wolf in the cold. *** Where is he? - “I went to give the dogs hay.” *** From work you will lose weight, from idleness you will become poor. *** People plow, and he waves his arms. *** People are reaping in the field, but he should be lying on the boundary. *** He's throwing his hat around, and you're hanging your ears.

A TREE IS RECOGNIZED BY FRUITS, AND A MAN IS RECOGNIZED BY ACTION
It’s not the one who is good-looking who is good, but the one who is good at what he does. *** Don’t judge by clothes, look by deeds. *** The guy is playful, but in reality he’s not good. *** In words he will swim across the Volga, but in reality he will not cross a puddle. *** In words, like a harp, but in deeds, like a balalaika.

WORDS CANNOT REPLACE ACTIONS
From word to deed there are a hundred steps. *** It’s easier to move your tongue than your hands. *** He's an expert at making proposals, but he can't take action. *** Soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done. *** You can’t weave a bast with your tongue. *** Cities are built not with language, but with rubles and an ax. *** He who storms with his tongue will fight a little. *** Don’t be hasty with your language, and don’t be ridiculous with your deeds.

DON'T TAKE IT UP - YOU'LL PAY SIDEWAY
You can't get a loaf of bread from the shoulder and in the heat of the moment. *** It’s better to walk and sit down on the way than to run and lie down. *** People don’t plow the land at a gallop. *** And Moscow was not built suddenly. *** Have patience for whatever you want. *** You can’t knock down an oak tree with one blow. *** Better in small things and success than in big things and failure. *** The zealous and the lazy have had enmity since time immemorial.

GET THE WORK DONE, BUT DON’T Rush
Speed ​​is necessary, but haste is harmful. *** The haste will make you laugh. *** He who is not in a hurry, nothing can escape from him. *** Talk for a long time, but do it soon. *** It won’t work in one try, but in two it will work.

AND READY, YES STUPID
Somehow you do it, it will work out somehow. *** It’s better to sit with your hands crossed than to do things carelessly. *** Don’t take on your own business, but don’t be lazy about yours. *** All work is valuable, but not all is useful. *** It’s all a matter of bringing it into a lump and disposing of it into manure. *** The good stuff goes to welding, the bad stuff goes to the landfill. *** No matter how you cover it with varnish, a marriage will remain a marriage.

A GOOD START - HALF THE WORK IS RUINED
There is no beginning and no end. *** Down and Out trouble started. *** Every task must be started in the morning. *** Don't put the collar on the tail, don't start things from the end. *** To jump from business to business is to take an example from a squirrel. *** Taking on everything means doing nothing. *** Don’t rush to report: you’ve done the job, then write a report.

TO THE BIRD IS AIR, AND TO MAN IS BREATH
He who is in harmony with difficulty has no problem with rest. *** When there is success at work, a smoke break is not a sin. *** Relaxing without work means living without care. *** If you are cheerful at work, then you are playful at rest. *** Time for business is an hour for fun. *** A joke is a joke, but business is business.

WORK TILL SWEAT, EAT IN THE HUNT
If you sweat for two, you eat for three. *** Wherever there is, if there is a case. *** Works hard and eats provocatively. *** He eats quietly and works quietly. *** And we’ll eat and dance, we’ll just plow the arable land.

GOOD WORK LIVES FOR TWO CENTURIES
Every business is initiated by man, and is glorified by man. *** Don’t boast about your good work, it will be noticed anyway. *** Things are going smoothly, and it’s sweet to look at. *** Don’t boast about your work, but be proud. *** With wings - flight, with business - honor. *** Such labors, such are the fruits. *** They don’t beat you for your work, but they give you rewards. *** He who is ahead in labor has an order on his chest.

TAKE EVERY BUSINESS SKILLFULLY
It’s not enough to want, you have to be able to. *** Once you understand the car, you will go far. *** Know how to make clumsy things smooth, and bitter things sweet. *** Skill will find application everywhere. *** Where there is will, there is ability. *** Know how to work, know how to select assistants.

LOVE YOUR BUSINESS - YOU WILL BE A MASTER
The master's work is afraid. *** Gold is not gold without being under the hammer. *** By work and masters know. *** People are not born with mastery, but they are proud of the mastery they acquire. *** You need to teach not by telling, but by working and showing. *** A master makes a master of it, like a censer makes a censer from a beer bottle.

FISH IN THE RIVER - NOT IN YOUR HAND
If there is a bite, so will the catch. *** Every fish is good as long as it takes a fishing rod. *** On a fresh worm and a fish on a hook. *** You don’t catch perches with your nose. *** Don’t get your feet wet, so don’t catch fish. *** Uncaught fish always seem big. *** It’s too late for a pike in a frying pan to remember about water.

Sections: Russian language

Class: 7

Goals:

• developing the skill of writing a soft sign after hissing adverbs at the end;
• repetition of writing a soft sign after sibilants in various parts of speech;
• development of oral and written speech;
• nurturing interest in the Russian language.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.(Greeting, writing down the date and topic of the lesson in a notebook).

Teacher: Guys, we continue our exciting journey through the country of ADVERBS. Today we approached the castle of Princess Adverb herself.

II. Repetition of what has been covered and updating of new material.

Teacher: Someone left the following note on the castle wall (a poem is written on the board):

The sun flashed from behind clouds(?),
And there was hot(?) last Ray(?).
The evening became clear and good(?).
Slightly noticeable leaves trembling(?).
It was freezing under the mountain key(?).
Tsvel lily of the valley(?), gentle and smelly(?),
Suddenly he came out into the clearing hedgehog(?).
Ask him for me unbearable(?):
“Who are you in a hurry to, hedgehog(?), help(?)?”
(see: Russian language at school. – 1995, No. 1, p. 23)

The highlighted words are written on cards attached with magnets.

Individual tasks:

• phonetic analysis of words hot, trembling;
• punctuation analysis of the last sentence.

Teacher: Guys, what is the name of the spelling found in the highlighted words?

Students: A soft sign after sibilants at the end of different parts of speech.

Teacher: What do you need to remember so as not to make mistakes in writing this spelling?

Students: First of all, it is necessary to determine the part of speech.

Teacher: Help each part of speech find its envelope home, put a soft sign where necessary, explain the spelling of the missing spellings. As soon as the task is completed, the guards will open the gates for us.

There are four envelopes on the board. Pupils work in a chain with the highlighted words. In a notebook we write down the words in four columns.

III. Learning new material.

Teacher: I can’t bear to find out how to spell an adverb unbearable?

Students: Yes!

Teacher: They sent us a telegram from the castle - a hint. Let's read it.

Telegram

"Guys!
Drive away your doubts
Learn the topic with pleasure,
Don't forget the soft sign
Where are the Ch and Sh at the end?
And in the word WIDE too
A soft sign will help us.
A soft sign in our life all the time,
And I CAN’T CAN’T STAND MARRY!”

Teacher: Try to formulate a rule based on this hint.

Teacher: We managed to open the castle gates. But before the princess can accept us, we must complete three of her tasks.

Exercise 1.

Selective dictation. Write down adverbs, explain spelling.

1. But away from the cities, where the scream and noise of sloths torments forever. (V.Bryusov)
2. And only I listen to the noise of the oak forests in response. (V. Bryusov)
3. Mother Rye feeds everyone all the time. (Last)
4. The land is not plowed at a rush. (Last)
5. For the dear guest, the gates are wide open. (Last)
6. How long is this winter night, I can’t bear to wait for the appointed hour. (A. Surkov)
7. The last trip completely discouraged everyone from experimenting. (Gas)
8. The man fell backward from the blow and could not get up and resist. (Gas.)
9. A star has set behind a high snowdrift, / the moon is shining - it’s unbearable to the eyes. (N. Zabolotsky)

Task 2.

Parsing the sentence:

The greenery of the field has made its way towards the sun and warmth, and, opening the windows wide, spring passes through the village. (M. Isakovsky)

Task 3.

Creative work. Compose a text of 8-10 sentences, using as many adverbs as possible, including words based on the spelling pattern you studied today.

IV. Consolidation.

Teacher: We passed all the tests and easily solved the tasks given to us. As you know, all tests must lead to some result. What do you think is the result we arrived at?

Students: Knowledge. Ratings.

Teacher: That's right. To receive a reward from Princess Adverb - grades, we will show you what your knowledge is.

Punch cards.

Option 1.

• construction of vegetable stores_;
• need to take care_;
• established quiet_;
• take revenge_;
• the air is fresh_;
• the joy of meeting_;
• you're hungry;
• open wide_;
• the voice is enchanting;
• it’s unbearable to wait.

Option 2.

• attracted attention;
• many failures_;
• military power_;
• lucky draw_;
• prickly cactus_;
• glow of conflagration_;
• galloped_;
• marry_;
• you don’t remember anything_;
• green gouache_.

Lesson summary.

Princess Adverb thanks you for your work in class and gives you coins - grades from the treasury.

Homework:

n1.doc

For example: Fell a righteous and honest deathmany of them(TV);

1. 
   metaphorical meaning expresses a phrase in which the main word - a noun in the nominative case - is a metaphor, and the dependent word in the genitive case names the object - the producer of the action or the bearer of the attribute (sickle of the month, head of hairAnd etc.); For example: IN the garden is burningrowan bonfire red...(Her);
2. 
   the meaning of compatibility is the phrase of a noun in the nominative case and a noun in the instrumental case with the preposition s, both of them name objects that are joint producers of action or bearers of a characteristic; For example: The artist and Vasya barelygot thereto home(Paust.); the integrity of the subject-phrase is emphasized by the plural form of the predicate.

The infinitive subject has completely different properties. It names not an object, but an action, but the action is not taking place, but potential; the predicate expresses the characteristics of this action; For example: Riding a horse at this time is a real pleasure.(M.-S). If instead of an infinitive you can use something formed from a verb

i

A noun, then this subject has an objective meaning; compare:Measurement ravines turned out to be a difficult task(Paust.). - Measure ravines turned out to be difficult.

The compound subject has a special form. It is formed by combining a verb connective in the infinitive form with nominal forms of the instrumental case; For example: To be in love - nice!(M.G.).

PREDICATE

The predicate has the following characteristics:

1. 
   names the action or sign of the object designated by the subject;
2. 
   formally subordinate to the subject (usually agreed with it);

1. 
   expresses the grammatical meanings of a sentence - modality, tense;
2. 
   forms a paradigm for the forms of a two-part sentence.

The name of the action, feature and grammatical meanings can be expressed together, in one word form, or separately, in two parts. On this basis, two types of predicate are distinguished in the Russian language - simple and compound.

A simple predicate can only be verbal, since the conjugated forms of the verb have indicators of mood and tense, therefore in grammar this type of predicate is designated by the term simple verbal predicate.

The main form of a simple predicate is a full-valued conjugated verb. It names the action and expresses grammatical meanings, forms a paradigm of sentence forms; For example:Has calmed down All. Tatianasleeping (P.).

A simple predicate can be expressed by a conjugated verbal form in relative use, that is, a form of one mood or tense in the meaning of another, which has an additional connotation; For example: You don't care! Therefore, I alone am responsible for everyone(Acute) - a form of the imperative mood in the indicative meaning with an additional connotation of obligation (cf.: must answer).

A simple verbal predicate is also expressed by conjugated forms of stable combinations of the verb type, denoting an action; for example: C Gryabovaraised sheeyes on Father and hisshowered with contempt (Ch.).

An infinitive in the indicative mood can be used as a simple verbal predicate; For example: So youbite, damned?(Ch.).

A simple verbal predicate can be complicated by particles or repetitions, with the help of which additional shades of intensity, completeness of action, duration are expressed And etc.; For example: All these inevitable scenes of the futurethey were rushing about before the eyes of Arina Petrovna(S.-Sch.); Herselftrembling trembling old woman(Leek.).

A compound predicate has two parts - a main and an auxiliary. The main part denotes an action or

sign, and the auxiliary expresses the grammatical meanings of tense, mood, and also formalizes the connection with the subject; the auxiliary part must include a conjugated verb form; For example: His head has already startedturn gray (Ch.);After a year the picturewas ready

The main part of the compound predicate is expressed by a verb in the infinitive or forms of the name. In accordance with this, a compound verbal predicate and a compound nominal predicate are distinguished.

A compound verb predicate denotes an action. The main part is the infinitive of a full verb or a stable verb combination; for example: 1 Musicianswere getting ready to play (A.T.);I can from lovego crazy (G.).

The auxiliary part, firstly, expresses the meaning of mood and tense using conjugated forms, and secondly, it denotes the stages of an action or attitude towards it.

Stages of action - beginning, continuation, end - are indicated by verbs start, continue, finish and etc.; they are called phase; For example: The sun has juststarted to rise (L. T.);Meanwhile the skycontinued to clear (T.);Soon Iquit writing poetry(Paust.).

The attitude towards an action on the part of its producer (subject) is expressed in the form of various modal meanings of the auxiliary part - possibility, desirability, obligation, familiarity, inclination; For example: We've been around for a long timecould not say not a word(B.);IDon't want to sadden you with nothing(P.); People are walking and Iforced toil(A.T.); On free evenings Evgeniy Petrovichused to tell Seryozha fairy tales(Ch.); Sheloved on the balcony to warn the dawn(P.).

Modal meanings of the auxiliary part are expressed by conjugated forms of verbs (be able, want, desire, decide, agree, get used to, love, prefer etc.), stable combinations of verb type (set a goal, have an intention, burn with desire, give consent, have the habit etc.), as well as combinations of conjugated forms of connectives with names, participles and adverbs (was- glad, ready, must, inclined, forced; master, amateur.

hunter; able, not averseAnd etc.); For example: Musicianswere getting ready to play (A.T.);Officersagreed to do anything you want will be provided by the kind owners(L. T.);I can't Lenskydemolish blow(P.).

A compound nominal predicate denotes a characteristic (quality, property, state, etc.). The name of this feature is contained in the main part - the nominal part. The auxiliary part performs only grammatical functions. It's called a ligament.

The copula expresses the grammatical meanings of mood and tense, formalizes the grammatical dependence of the predicate on the subject. These functions of the copula rely on the conjugation forms: mood, tense, person and number; In addition, gender endings are involved in the formation of grammatical dependence - in the forms of the past tense and the subjunctive mood.

Incomplete verbs or stable combinations of the verb type are used as connectives - to be, to appear, to become, to become, to appear, to be considered, to appear, to represent, to have the appearance etc. In addition, the zero form of the connective is used be with the meaning of the present tense, which is opposed to the forms was, will be, would be, be, let it be.

Connective verbs and stable combinations do not name an action or process; they have an abstract meaning. This meaning is also included in the grammatical content of the auxiliary part.

Connections characterize the relationship between an object and a feature in different ways. This is clearly visible when comparing the nominal predicate with various connectives. For example, sentences The days were warm- The days have become warm differ in the meaning of the presence of a characteristic and the acquisition of a characteristic; The road was good- The road turned out to be good the meaning of the presence of a sign and the detection of a sign; The book was interesting- The book seemed interesting the value of a reliable sign and an imaginary sign, etc.

The nominal part of the predicate is not involved in the expression of grammatical meanings; it denotes a feature - qualitative, quantitative, as well as state, etc. They depend on the use of various nominal parts of speech and their forms.

The most common forms of the nominal part are:

1. 
   short adjective: He will be sad my story(P.); For a long timewere we inseparable? (P.);
2. 
   short passive participle: Manilovwas absolutelytouched (G.);
3. 
   full adjective, as well as participle, ordinal number, pronoun in the nominative or instrumental case: Lakewas mysterious (Paust.); Peaks of a distant ridgeseem precisely forged made of silver(A.T.);Then the tastesthere were others (Balm.);
4. 
   comparative adjective: Wider and wider light.Everything is brighter mountain temple(Balm.); i
5. 
   noun in the nominative or instrumental case: Castleseemed like an island sad(P.);my fatherwas a mechanic (M.G.);
6. 
   prepositional case forms of nouns (usually prepositional case with a preposition V with status value): Skyit was in the clouds (IN.); Old Princewas unconscious (L. T.);Low and narrow roomthere were no windows (M.-S).

The nominal part can be expressed by a phrase if its main word does not name a specific feature (for this a dependent word is used); For example: Fatherwas a carefree person (B.);Then, as you can imagine,was in difficult condition (Paust.).

A compound predicate, verbal and nominal, can be complicated (complex forms of the predicate) by including additional word forms in the auxiliary part: these are verbs, or stable combinations of the conjugated verb type, or nominal forms with a copula. They have a phase or modal meaning; For example: Shubinwanted to start working but the clay crumbled(T.)- the auxiliary part of a compound verbal predicate expresses modal and phase meaning; For example: Ishouldn't dare speak tell you about this(T.) - the auxiliary part expresses two modal meanings. When complicating the predicate - both verbal and nominal - the auxiliary part has the form

Mu compound verb predicate (I wanted to start, I shouldn’t dare etc.), but it expresses only grammatical meanings, and the action or attribute is indicated in the main part (work, talk). The complication of the predicate does not affect the main part. In case of complication, only one verb has a conjugated form, all others, including the copular verb, have an infinitive form; For example: This stop couldprove fatal (A.T.).

In complex forms of the predicate there are two parts - the main (full-valued infinitive, name) and the auxiliary, as in a compound predicate.

Grammatical connection of the main members of a sentence

The subject and predicate are grammatically related. The dependence of the predicate on the subject is, as a rule, formally expressed. The choice of the form of the predicate is motivated by the subject; For example: The sun rose; The moon has risen. Therefore, the connection of the main members is called coordination. However, assimilating the form of the predicate to the form of the subject is only one type of agreement - grammatical agreement. First of all, it appears in the forms of number; for example: The crowds are seething. Hearts are fluttering(P.). If the noun in the subject has a singular form, and the verb in the predicate has the form of the past tense or conditional mood, then agreement in gender is manifested; for example: Rain monotonouslymade noise outside the window(Tel.). Not only the simple verbal predicate agrees in number and gender, but also the auxiliary part of the compound verbal and compound nominal predicate; For example: Sasha started going to school(Ch.); Bulba was scarystubborn (G.);Wind Meanwhile, hour by hour it became stronger(P.). In addition, in a nominal predicate, the nominal part expressed by an adjective, etc., agrees with the subject in number and gender; For example: Townseemed extinct, abandoned (B.);Prince Ivan Ivanovichwas Fineeducated and well read (L.T.).

Conditional agreement is the choice of forms of the predicate with a subject expressed by a word that is unchangeable or has no number or gender. With a subject pronoun who, someone etc. the predicate is used in the form of a singular

vernacular number, and in the past tense or conditional mood - in the masculine form: Has someone come?; with subject pronoun what, something etc. - singular, neuter: What's happened?; Something fell; Wed Also: I heard ay!

Semantic agreement (“agreement on meaning”) is the choice of the form of the predicate according to the particular content of the subject. For example, the form of the gender of the predicate with the subject I, you determined taking into account the gender of the person referred to by the pronoun: You've come; I came; At times I was alone(Bulg.).

In some sentences, agreement has options: first of all, this is the use of a singular or plural predicate with a subject, which is expressed by a phrase with a quantitative meaning; For example: Eleven people served at the station(M.G.); Two girls walked home with mushrooms(L.T.). In the first example - conditional agreement of the predicate in number, in gender with the numeral eleven(without grammatical number and gender); in the second - semantic agreement in number with a quantitative phrase two girls(meaning "more than one").

Different types of agreement can be combined in one sentence; For example: And I forgot your gentle voice...(P.) - agreement in number is grammatical, agreement in gender is semantic.

Various types of agreement appear with the subject - “polite you”. These rules of agreement are an important part of speech etiquette.

The verb, including the auxiliary, is grammatically consistent in number, that is, it has a plural form; for example: Darling! You didn't love me(Her); a short adjective or participle is also used in the plural; For example: You were right in front of me(P.). Full adjective, participle, pronoun, numeral one, the ordinal number has semantic agreement with “you” in number (singular!), gender (male or female); For example: You are so smart; You were the first; Are you alone?; You alone can help me; You seemed tired; I know: you are not the same(Her).

The connection between the main members is not formally expressed if the predicate is represented by an infinitive or a truncated form of the verb.

La; For example: Tatyana oh, and he- roar(P.) - cf.: gasped; Live life- no field to go(Ate.). In such two-part sentences, the subject and predicate are connected using intonation and word order.

406. Highlight the main members of the sentence - subject and
predicate. Where are they represented by a word, and where by a combination of words?

1. A dozen and a half cars with checkered cars were dozing in the parking lot. (Sol.). 2.“Goodbye... I’m a difficult, bad person,” he said. (Ch.). 3. The exit to the lake was scheduled for night 3 (Pa-set.). 4. But the pleasant lady had nothing to say (G.).

407. Highlight the main parts of the sentence. What part of speech
serves as a subject? »

1. Earth is a cramped place (M.G.). 2. Autumn was approaching (Paust.). 3. The newcomer was short and unprepossessing in appearance (Sh.). 4. Great things have happened in the soul (IN.). 5. All living things hid from the heat (Ґ.). 6. The blind and deaf went to someone else’s field to buy peas (L.T.).

408. Indicate how the subject and
predicate. What place do they occupy relative to each other?

1. Asking for directions was an insult to Andronich (M.-S). 2. AND it in old mansions with great-grandmother’s furniture, it’s cute, but uncomfortable (A.T.). 3. In general and are chattering colors and light, my dear, are a pleasure (Paust.). 4. Finding signs or creating them yourself is a very exciting activity 2 (Paust.).

409. Indicate in which sentences the predicate is pros
tym, and in some - composite.

1. Fog begins to swirl over the water (Paust.). 2. In Moscow, Kiprensky continued to write with the same fervor and skill (Paust.). 3. The brother became more incomprehensible (M.G.).

1. 
   The sun seemed like a big crimson ball (L.T.).
2. 
   Two wax candles were burning on the table (Paust.).

1. Sheglov looked around the yard (Ch.). 2. Over tea, the grandfather started a difficult conversation about vitamins (Paust.). 3. Apparently, I'm about to fall and lose consciousness (Ch.). 4. What happened

411. These sentences contain combinations of conjugations
our verb forms with an infinitive. Highlight compound verb
predicate. If the infinitive is not part of the predicate, define
share its function. Indicate the form of the subject.

1. Nikolai Ivanovich began to read the newspaper (A.T.). 2. And we began to hunt not only for pleasure, but also out of necessity (Cupr.). 3. I went out onto the platform to catch my breath from the stuffiness of the carriage (Paust.). 4. After tea 1 I begged Vera to sing (IN.).

5. I have already learned to dream about extraordinary adventures.
and great exploits (M.G.). 6. Grigory and his wife went to
come three days before Intercession (Sh.).

412. Identify the compound verbal predicate in the sentences and
analyze the meaning of the auxiliary part - modal or
phase (beginning, continuation, end of action).

1. Davydov began to get seriously angry (Sh.). 2. Zinaida Fedorovna still continued to walk around the living room in excitement (Ch,). 3. Kovrin’s eyes began to stick together (Ch.). 4. The girls soon stopped being shy (Paust.). 5. And I want to conclude my words with one word: that I sense great battles like the weather (Those.). 6. Before a thunderstorm, the fish stopped biting. (Paust.). 7. We continued to live in the same 3rd apartment with our grandfather and father (Gil.). 8. I still continue to not understand you, Baron! (Ch.). 9. The clear falcon perked up, stopped thinking, and began to sing (Those.). 10. Viktor Nikolaevich did not want to interfere in the affairs of his wife (M.-S).

413. Highlight the subject and predicate in the sentences. Where is the eye
goal performs the function of a connective in a compound nominal predicate,
and where is the simple predicate?

1. The days were getting long (Bump.). 2. A plump housewife appeared with a tray in her hands (M.G.). 3. The Slavs were distinguished by their tall stature, brown hair, courage, and hospitality (B.). 4. The team went to the devices pumping water (A.T.). 5. The nights have long since become cool (Ser.).

6. All objects became clear (A.T.). 7. Places
were getting poorer and more desolate (B.).

414. Identify the compound nominal predicate in the sentences.
What is an auxiliary part - a ligament? What does it feel like

Meaning? Indicate where there is a zero form of the copula be, as well as ligamentous particles.

1. Dreams about gardens turned out to be very stupid (B.). 2. Lozinsky became more and more thoughtful and sadder (IN.). 3. The western slopes of the ridge seemed steep and steep, the eastern - more gentle (Are). 4. The question turned out to be sufficiently clarified 2 (Cor.). 5. My house above the Moscow River is a miracle (Priv.).

415. Highlight the compound nominal predicate in the sentences and
indicate the copula and the nominal part. What part of speech does she represent?
on the? Note the cases in which it agrees with the subject.

1. This oak was considered sacred (A.T.). 2. Annushka introduced herself to him as an adult (A.T.). 3. Everything here is made of wood (Paust.).

4. The Black Lake was filled 3 flush with the shores (Paust.).

5. The door from the office to the small room was wide
smell (Sh.).

416. Highlight the compound nominal predicate in the sentences and
indicate the copula and the nominal part. In what cases is this a separate layer?
in, and in which - a phrase? State the reason for the syntactic
indivisibility of the phrase.

1. But the most amazing thing were the owners (B.). 2. Bakharev was in the best mood today (M.-S). 3. Blizzard 1 at dusk was even worse (B.). 4. Some trees were double girth (M.-S). 5. His father was a district leader (Ch.). 6. Arefiev - old newspaper wolf (Cupr.). 7. The steamer is probably a state machine (Paust.). 8. For us, Sukhodol was only a poetic monument to the past (B.).

417. Select the main members of the sentence and analyze
their shape.

1. Walls of centuries-old fallen poplars descended along the slopes of the hills (Paust.). 2. Still, what a wonderful thing it is to be dressed! (Ser.). 3. The civilians even dared to fall on their backs (A.T.). 4. You are not the father. Giving birth to a child does not mean being his father... A father is a person, but are you a person? (M.G.).

418. Select the main members of the sentence and determine their meaning
phological expression. In what cases is the predicate agreed?
with the subject? In what forms?

1. Together with the driver, we boarded the dilapidated boat, not without fear. A comrade with things remained on the shore (Sh.). 2. Talking about unresolved issues only scares people (M.G.). 3. Building a house or a bridge or writing a novel are the same thing (A.T.). 4. Sour larch is the wood grouse’s favorite food (M.-S). 5. Still, 3 it’s nice to talk nonsense! (M.G.).

419. Select the main members of the sentence and characterize their morphological expression. In what cases does the choice of the form of the predicate depend on its similarity to the form of the subject (grammatical agreement), and in what cases does it depend on other factors? Is variation allowed?

1. Something stirred in the dark (Ch.). 2. Half the sky
puffed up with red smoke (Paust.). 3. Flocks of white birds
melted in front of her like dandelion flakes (Paust.). 4. I'm talking about
had to correspond with my father (Gil.). 5. On the steps of B
case of two strangers (Paust.). 6. Several people
got off the train, several people entered the carriages (Sim.).
7. A lot of mushrooms grew in the ruts of the unbeaten road 2 (Paust.).

One-part sentence

Chief member one-part sentence expresses grammatical meanings differently: this depends on the use of verb forms or noun forms as the main member. Accordingly, two types of one-part sentences are distinguished - verbal and nominal (substantive).

Verb one-part sentences

Verb forms are used as independent, not subordinate. Their grammatical meanings differ from the grammatical meanings of dependent verb forms used in the predicate of a two-part sentence. This applies to face, inclination and time. According to the characteristics of grammatical meanings and the set of verb forms, there are 5 types of verbal one-part sentences: definitely-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, infinitive.

DEFINITELY PERSONAL OFFER

Verb forms express the action of the speaker himself (1st person) or the interlocutor (2nd person). The personal endings of the verb indicate a specific person, therefore personal pronouns are used with them me, you, we, you may not be used as a subject; For example: I'll go shall we go ahead?I'll pass back?.. He’s not here. They don't know me...I'll take a look on house,on this garden(P.); So forget about your worries,don't be sad so funny about me(Her). The form of definite personal sentences is created only by the 1st-2nd person of the indicative mood and the 2nd person of the imperative mood. All other conjugated forms of the verb cannot indicate with their endings a specific person - the producer of the action; compare: let's go, let's go, let's go, let's go, let's go, let's go, let's go, let's go must be used with the subject. The absence of a subject in these verb forms is its omission, an indicator of the grammatical incompleteness of the sentence; for example: A cat crawls out from under the sofa, from under the fringe. He stretched, jumped onto the sofa and walked, black and long. Walking, tail down(A.T.) - the subject is missing in the second and third sentences cat, with which all verbs agree in number (stretched, jumped, walked, dropped agreed in number and gender); These two-part sentences are incomplete.

INDEFINITE-PERSONAL PROPOSAL

Verb forms express the action of an indefinite person not designated by a separate word; For example: There's shooting on the streets somewhere far away(Bulg.); In the villagerang for Vespers(T.). The meaning of an indefinite person is created by the special structure of the sentence. A minor member (adverbial or complement) is placed before the verb in the “subject place”, and the verb forms of the 3rd person plural and past tense plural are used as independent, non-conforming forms. The meaning of their endings changes: they do not express “plurality”, but instead of the 3rd person they denote “indefinite person”; cf., for example: In the housethe children don't sleep. - In the housedo not sleep; In the housethe children did not sleep. - IN homedidn't sleep. Unidentified person (de-

yatel) in fact there may be one or more than one, but this is not expressed grammatically (in verbal form); For example: This is the second time at the bell towerbeat to the bell(M.G.); It's quiet behind the partition in the officetalked (T.).

In indefinite-personal sentences, the main member has all forms of mood and tense; The imperative mood is used in the form of the 3rd person plural with a particle let be; For example: I've already decided that I won't go.Let better than mewill drive away (A. Gr.).

GENERALIZED-PERSONAL PROPOSAL

Verb forms express the action of a generalized person (actor), i.e. the action is presented in a generalized way, it can be attributed to any person - 1, 2, 3; For example: "From such a fenceyou'll run away" - thought Gurov, looking first at the windows, then at the fence(Ch.); Good for baddon't change (Ate.).

The meaning of not only the person, but also the time is generalized. In sentences of this type, the following verbal forms are used: 2nd person singular present-future tense, 2nd person imperative, 3rd person plural present-future tense. All of them do not express a specific meaning of time, but the assignment of an action to any time. Generalized personal sentences do not have tense forms. Together with the generalized time, modal meanings are expressed: 1) impossibility of action; For example: We left. The professor is glad, I suppose!Now you can’t lure him here with a roll (Ch.); 2) obligation; For example: Eat when you're hungry, but love when you're young(Ate.); 3) inappropriateness; For example: But people don’t plow the land at a gallop(M.G.); There are no crosses on mass graves(Vye).

Thanks to the generalized personal form, aphoristic content is expressed in sentences, i.e. moral rules, advice, conclusions, etc. This form is very often used in proverbs. But sentences constructed according to this model in speech also contain a generalization, conclusion, rule, etc.; for example: There is no money for insulting people(Ch.); You don't believe in daily tears(Born.); The ringing of bells does not cure diseases(M.G.).

IMPERSONAL OFFER

The main member expresses an action or state that is not attributed to the actor, to the subject (person or object); For example: Meanwhile, in the yardit got dark (T.);Oh, how easy and carefreelived Then(Nick.); In the roomit was also warm Nice(B.). Verb forms are independent, inconsistent; in the “subject place” a minor member is usually used (outside, in the room). The impersonal meaning of a sentence is expressed by the impersonal verbal form. Its endings coincide with the 3rd person singular, and in the past tense and in the conditional mood - with the singular number, neuter gender. These forms are necessarily used for any structure of the main member.

The structure of the main member is similar to the predicate of a two-part sentence - simple or compound: 1) the impersonal form of a full-valued verb (impersonal verb or personal, conjugated - with an impersonal meaning); For example: To someone elsecan't sit at home at this time(Sol.); Now it's in her hair toosilvered (B.);By the morningit's warmer (Balm.); 2) a combination of a full-valued infinitive (main part) and an impersonal form of a verb with a modal or phase meaning; infinitive and modal adverb with an impersonal form of the copula (auxiliary part); For example: I had the opportunity to write many different books(Paust.); Only closer to my native landI wish I could Nowto turn (Her);Start quicklydawn (Paust.); At firsthad to go rowing(A.T.); You can't live away from your youth(Paust.) - in the last example, the modal word of the state category it is forbidden combined with the zero (impersonal) form of the copular verb be(present tense meaning); 3) a combination of a state category word or a short passive participle (main part) with an impersonal form of the copula (auxiliary part); For example: At the stationwas deserted(Paust.); Towards the night in the weatherbecomes Verycold and dewy (B.);The rooms are carefullytidied up (Ch.);The room is already heated(S.-Sch.) - in the last two examples the zero form of the copular verb. .

The main member of sentences with the meaning of negation of being, the presence of an object has a simple impersonal form; for example: Mostadid not have (Paust.); OnlyNo my earflaps(TV).

These sentences must include a noun in the dative case with the meaning of the object of negation. To express the negation of being, an existential verb with a particle is used Not- was not, will not be, and no, it didn’t work (it won’t turn out), it didn’t work out and etc.; For example: However, there is no reliefit turned out (T.); And soon from the firethere are none left nothing but a warm smell(M.G.).

In impersonal sentences, the verb is used in all forms of tense and mood; the imperative mood is used in the form of an analytical form with a particle let be- For example: Let in my headwill become clearer (Gas.).

INFINITIVE SENTENCE

A verb in the infinitive form denotes a potential action, that is, one that is not produced, does not occur, does not occur in time; For example: I would like to go to the village now. Now I would likework (Ch.); We nowstand under repair(TV). The infinitive is unchangeable, therefore it does not express the relation of the action to the person, to the moment of speech. An infinitive sentence has no mood, tense, or person forms.

The basis of the sentence is made up of the main member (infinitive) and the complement (noun or pronoun in the dative case), which denote the potential agent (person or thing); For example: Be tomorrow is badweather (M.G.);Should I hide? us?(Ch.). If in the sentence the place of this member is not occupied (that is, it does not exist), then the meaning of an indefinite or generalized potential agent is expressed; For example: The rooms have not been swept, the chintz curtains have been torn from the windows. Tomorrowmove in town!(Ch.); Twicenever be young (Ate.).

A form of an infinitive sentence that may also include some particles (wouldn't, wouldn't, at least and others-) - conveys additional characteristics of a potential action: 1) obligation; For example: My daughter needs to go to the city(TV); 2) inevitability; For example: I have to sit here until it gets cold(Paust.); 3) impossibility; For example: Don't worry about the sunsing (Her); 4) desirability; For example: I'm going. I wish I could sleep better, but I can’t sleep yet(TV); 5) fears-

Example: - How not to be late! - Natasha realized(Paust.).

420. Indicate which sentences are two-part, which
one-piece. Analyze the expression of the main terms
new proposals.

1. The wind shuffles along the wall of the house, the shutter bolts rattle, and the chimney hums. (M.G.). 2. The night field breeze blows towards you (B-)- 3- Late at night the sky cleared (B.). 4. Not a single window was lit in the houses. (Paust.). 5. There is a small bathhouse in the garden. It was recently heated (Paust.). 6. And everything around was dim and white (IN.). 7. Streltsov’s heart sank painfully (Sh.).

421. Make specific, personal suggestions. Analyze
form the main part of the sentence, paying special attention
on person, tense, mood of the verb.

1. You spoiled your daughter, you! Tell your daughter to submit (M.G.).

1. 
   - Stop, guys, don’t interfere, there’s no point in lowering the pontoon. - May I try? - Why try! Brothers, he is! (Those.).
2. 
   -Have you locked the gate? - Locked it. - Let's go see 2 for you. - Walk a little, it’s better for you... (Sharp). 4. Wait for me near the house. Take you back to the pier (Paust.).

1. The carts got stuck in the mud. There was a blast at the door. Sticky clay was applied from the street with boots. This always made the house feel uncomfortable. (Paust.). 2. I have already started to get up. But they didn’t allow me to go out yet. (Paust.). 3. At this time the lanterns usually came on. But now for some reason they weren’t lit (Paust.). 4. The bell rang at the hippodrome. The grooms removed the blanket from Emerald (Cupr.).

423. Highlight generalized personal sentences and analyze
Use verb forms as the main part of the sentence. Please pay

Attention to the specificity of time in sentences of this type.

*■ - You were silent about this before. - You can’t say everything at once ") 2. Good is not exchanged for bad (Ate.). 3. About family life