Presentation on the topic "Ivan Petrovich Pavlov". Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Presentation on the topic and p Pavlov

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The presentation on the topic “Ivan Petrovich Pavlov” can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Biology. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 16 slide(s).

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Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Compiled by Bolshakov S.V.

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Date of birth: September 26, 1849 Place of birth: Ryazan, Russian Empire Date of death: February 27, 1936 (86 years old) Place of death: Leningrad, RSFSR, USSR Country: Russian Empire → USSR Scientific field: Physiology Alma mater: St. Petersburg State University Famous students: Orbeli, L. A., Bykov K. M., Kupalov, P. S., Anokhin, P. K., Babkin, B. P., N. N. Traugott Known as: creator of the science of the higher nervous system activities and ideas about the processes of regulation of digestion; founder of the largest Russian physiological school Awards and prizes: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1904)

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Ivan Petrovich was born on September 14 (26), 1849 in the city of Ryazan. Pavlov's ancestors on his father's and mother's sides were church ministers. Father Pyotr Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823-1899), mother Varvara Ivanovna (nee Uspenskaya) (1826-1890). After graduating from the Ryazan Theological School in 1864, Pavlov entered the Ryazan Theological Seminary. In his last year at the seminary, he read the book “Reflexes of the Brain” by Professor I.M. Sechenov, which changed his whole life

I. M. Sechenov

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In 1870 he entered the Faculty of Law (seminar students were limited in the choice of university specialties), but 17 days after admission he transferred to the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University (specialized in physiology)

St. Petersburg State University

The main facade of the Twelve Collegium building, facing the Mendeleev Line. Modern look

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Pavlov, as a follower of Sechenov, worked a lot on nervous regulation. Sechenov had to move from St. Petersburg to Odessa, where he worked at the university for some time. His chair at the Medical-Surgical Academy was taken by Ilya Faddeevich Tsion, and Pavlov adopted Tsion’s masterful surgical technique. Pavlov devoted more than 10 years to obtaining a fistula (hole) of the gastrointestinal tract. It was extremely difficult to perform such an operation, since the juice pouring out of the intestines digested the intestines and the abdominal wall. I.P. Pavlov sewed the skin and mucous membranes together in such a way, inserted metal tubes and closed them with plugs, that there were no erosions, and he could receive pure digestive juice throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract - from the salivary gland to the large intestine, which is exactly what happened he did it on hundreds of experimental animals.

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In 1903, 54-year-old Pavlov made a report at the XIV International Medical Congress in Madrid. And the next year, 1904, the Nobel Prize for research into the functions of the main digestive glands was awarded to I. P. Pavlov - he became the first Russian Nobel laureate

Medal awarded to a Nobel laureate

Diploma and gold medal of the 1904 Nobel Prize laureate

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In the Madrid report, made in Russian, I. P. Pavlov first formulated the principles of the physiology of higher nervous activity, to which he devoted the next 35 years of his life. Concepts such as reinforcement, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes have become basic concepts in the science of behavior.

Pavlov's Dog, Pavlov Museum, 2005

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In 1919-1920, during the period of devastation, Pavlov, enduring poverty and lack of funding for scientific research, refused the invitation of the Swedish Academy of Sciences to move to Sweden, where he was promised to create the most favorable conditions for life and scientific research, and in the vicinity of Stockholm it was planned to build Pavlov wants such an institute as he wants. Pavlov replied that he would not leave Russia anywhere. Then a corresponding decree of the Soviet government followed, and Pavlov was built a magnificent institute in Koltushi, near Leningrad, where he worked until 1936

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Stages of life

In 1875, Pavlov entered the 3rd year of the Medical-Surgical Academy (now the Military Medical Academy), and at the same time (1876-78) worked in the physiological laboratory of K. N. Ustimovich; After graduating from the Military Medical Academy (1879), he was left as head of the physiological laboratory at the clinic of S. P. Botkin. 1883 - Pavlov defended his doctoral dissertation “On the centrifugal nerves of the heart.” 1884-86 - was sent abroad to improve his knowledge to Breslau and Leipzig, where he worked in the laboratories of R. Heidenhain and K. Ludwig

File:PavlovSvetlogorsk.JPG

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1890 - elected professor and head of the Department of Pharmacology at the Military Medical Academy, and in 1896 - head of the Department of Physiology, which he headed until 1924. At the same time (since 1890) Pavlov was the head of the physiological laboratory at the then-organized Institute of Experimental Medicine. 1901 - Pavlov was elected a corresponding member, and in 1907 a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Silver commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia, dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of I. P. Pavlov, 1999.

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1904 - Pavlov is awarded the Nobel Prize for many years of research into the mechanisms of digestion 1925 - until the end of his life, Pavlov headed the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Monument to I.P. Pavlova in the city of Sukhum

“Memorial Museum-Estate of Academician I.P. Pavlova"

There are places in Ryazan that will forever remain dear to us, because they are associated with names that constitute the glory and pride of the Russian people. One of these places is a small wooden house on Pavlova Street in Ryazan, on the facade of which there is a modest memorial plaque with the inscription “Academician I.P. was born and lived here from 1849 to 1870.” Pavlov." On March 6, 1946, the I.P. Museum was opened in the house. Pavlova. On November 30, 1993, the museum was given the status of “Memorial Museum-Estate of Academician I.P. Pavlova"

http://pavlov.amr-museum.ru/russ/pavlov.htm

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Slide captions:

I. P. Pavlov – Man and Scientist.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in Ryazan. When he was still a very little boy he helped his father on his farm. His father taught him to read books. In 1870 Pavlov entered Petersburg University to study natural sciences. Soon he decided to become a physiologist himself. During his work at the Academy Pavlov discovered several new facts about the blood pressure.

In 1881 Pavlov married. His wife was a wonderful helper and companion to him. Their marriage was a very happy one. In 1890 Pavlov began to lecture on physiology in the Military Academy. Many of Pavlov’s ideas were new to the students and he was a very popular lecturer. His lectures were very simple and clear. He did not use notes since his memory was wonderful. He allowed students to interrupt him and gladly answered their questions.

Pavlov studied the work of the digestive system. He made many experiments on dogs. He had to make operations on dogs and as he loved animals he treated his dogs with great kindness and they showed no fear of him. Pavlov never operated unless it was really necessary and he always used anaesthetics. He was a very skilful surgeon and the dogs generally recovered very quickly.

Pavlov made great contribution to medical science. After the Great October Revolution Pavlov was given a splendid new laboratory at the village of Koltushy. Large sums of money were spent on him laboratory. Though he was an old man of seventy four he worked as hard as ever. He rose at 7 o’clock each morning, ate a simple breakfast of tea and bread- and- butter usually to the accompaniment of the gramophone. He worked nine or ten hours a day.

A few years before his death he addressed the youth of our country: “The first important thing is to be systematic in your work.” Never pass on to the next stage until you have finished the previous one. Never try to hide the defects in your knowledge. The second important thing is modesty. Never imagine that you know everything. The third thing that is necessary is enthusiasm. Remember that science demands of a man his whole life... "

Pavlov, the great Russian scientist, died on February 27, 1936 at the age of eighty-six.

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On September 14, old style, 1849, the first son was born to a young priest of a very poor parish in the city of Ryazan, named Ivan in honor of his maternal grandfather.

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Ivan Petrovich's mother, Varvara Ivanovna, nee Uspenskaya, was the daughter of a priest of the Nikolo-Vysokovsky Church in Ryazan. In her youth, she was healthy, cheerful and cheerful, but frequent childbirth (she gave birth to 10 children) and experiences associated with the untimely deaths of some of them undermined her health. Varvara Ivanovna did not receive any education; however, her natural intelligence and hard work made her a skilled teacher of her children.

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Ivan Petrovich’s father, Pyotr Dmitrievich Pavlov, who came from a peasant family, was at that time a young priest of one of the seedy parishes. Truthful and independent, he often did not get along with his superiors and lived poorly. Pyotr Dmitrievich was a strong-willed, cheerful person, had good health, and loved working in the garden. High moral qualities and a seminary education, which was considered significant for residents of provincial towns of those times, earned him the reputation of a very enlightened person. After his marriage to Varvara Ivanovna in 1848, he became a priest of the Nikolo-Vysokovsky Church in Ryazan, and in 1868 he was transferred to the Lazarev Cemetery Church.

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The Pavlov family had 10 children, of whom five lived to adulthood: Ivan (1849-1936), Dmitry (1851-1901), Peter (1853-1884), Sergei (1864-1919), Lydia (1874-1946). Ivan Petrovich remembered his parents with a feeling of tender love and deep gratitude. The words with which his autobiography ends are noteworthy: “And underneath everything - constant gratitude to my father and mother, who taught me to a simple, very undemanding life and gave me the opportunity to receive a higher education.”

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Ivan was a healthy, cheerful boy. He willingly helped his mother and father around the house and in the garden. At almost eight years old he learned to read and write, but showed no inclination for these activities. An eight-year-old boy fell onto the stone floor from a high platform on which he was laying out apples for the winter. The injury had serious consequences. The boy began to turn pale, lose weight, sleep poorly and completely lost his appetite. He was treated with home remedies, but Vanya did not get better.

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He was cured by his godfather, the abbot of the Trinity Monastery. He took the boy to his monastery, where he stayed for more than a year. I organized enhanced nutrition for him and did gymnastics with him in the mornings. In the summer he made him swim, ride a horse and play gorodki, and in the winter he shoveled snow and skated. In addition, the boy always helped his godfather in his work in the large monastery garden.

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Waking up at night, Ivan saw the old man sitting at his written work. And for a long time he assured his parents that his godfather never sleeps. This gave birth to Ivan Petrovich’s habit of devoting all his time to scientific work.

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It was his godfather who awakened in the boy a love of books and mental pursuits. The first book that the godson received as a gift from his godfather was Krylov's fables. He knew almost the entire book by heart and retained his love for Krylov until the end of his life.

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While developing the boy physically, his godfather noticed that he threw sticks when playing gorodki with his left hand and often replaced his right hand with his left during various small jobs. And he began to force him to exercise his left hand equally with his right. The result of the exercises was Ivan Petrovich’s ability not only to operate with his left hand (which was very convenient during complex operations), but also to write equally correctly and beautifully with both hands.

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Upon returning home from his godfather, Ivan continued to do gymnastics and read a lot. Until the end of his life, he did not forget his father’s advice: always read a good book twice.

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In 1860, Ivan Pavlov entered the Ryazan Theological School, and then the Theological Seminary. His father dreamed of seeing his son as a learned priest, but this did not come true.

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Pavlov's passion for physiology arose after he read the Russian translation of a book by the English critic Georg Henry Levy. His passionate desire to engage in science, especially biology, was reinforced by reading the popular books of D. Pisarev, a publicist and critic, a revolutionary democrat, whose works led Ivan Petrovich to study the theory of Charles Darwin.

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In 1870, Ivan Petrovich left the theological seminary and entered the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University. From that time on, Pavlov’s entire subsequent life was connected with the city on the Neva.

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His interest in physiology increased after he read I. Sechenov’s book “Reflexes of the Brain,” but he managed to master this subject only after he was trained in the laboratory of I. Zion, who studied the role of depressor nerves. Zion clarified the influence of nerves on the activity of internal organs, and it was at his suggestion that Pavlov began his first scientific research - the study of the secretory innervation of the pancreas; For this work, I. Pavlov and M. Afanasyev were awarded a university gold medal.

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After receiving the title of Candidate of Natural Sciences in 1875, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov entered the third year of the Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg and at the same time worked in the laboratory of professor of physiology K. N. Ustimovich. While taking the course at the academy, Pavlov carried out a number of experimental works, for the totality of which he was awarded a gold medal.

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In 1879, Pavlov graduated from the academy and was left with it for further improvement. At the same time, at the invitation of the outstanding surgeon S.P. Botkin, he began working in the physiological laboratory at his clinic. Pavlov worked there for about 10 years, essentially leading all pharmacological and physiological research.

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Pavlov believed that animal experimentation is necessary in resolving many complex and unclear issues of clinical medicine.

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Pavlov worked in the physiological laboratory until 1890 (from 1886 he was officially considered its director). He developed a vigorous activity in the laboratory. He planned and carried out experiments on animals independently, which helped to reveal the original talent of the young scientist and was a prerequisite for the development of his creative initiative. Over the years of work in the laboratory, Pavlov’s colossal capacity for work, indomitable will and inexhaustible energy were fully revealed.

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Among the scientific works performed by Pavlov in this laboratory, the most outstanding should be considered the study of the centrifugal nerves of the heart. This original research became the topic of Pavlov's doctoral dissertation. In 1883, he brilliantly defended it and was awarded a gold medal.

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At the end of the 70s in St. Petersburg, Pavlov met Serafima Vasilievna Karchevskaya, a student of the Pedagogical Courses. Ivan Petrovich and Serafima Vasilyevna were united by a commonality of spiritual interests, similarity of views on many pressing issues of life at that time, loyalty to the ideals of serving the people, the struggle for social progress, which permeated the advanced Russian fiction and journalistic literature of those times. They fell in love with each other. They had four sons and a daughter.

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On April 23, 1890, Ivan Petrovich was elected to the position of professor of pharmacology at Tomsk, and after that at Warsaw universities. But he did not move either to Tomsk or to Warsaw, since on April 24, 1890, he was elected professor of pharmacology at the Military Medical Academy itself (formerly the Military Surgical Academy). The scientist held this position for five years, before moving to the Department of Physiology of the same academy. Ivan Petrovich continuously headed this department for three decades, successfully combining brilliant pedagogical activity with interesting, although limited in scope, research work, first on the physiology of the digestive system, and subsequently on the physiology of conditioned reflexes.

Pavlov.I.P. (September 14, February 1936) one of the most authoritative scientists in Russia, physiologist, psychologist, creator of the science of higher nervous activity and ideas about the processes of regulation of digestion; founder of the largest Russian physiological school; winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1904 “for his work on the physiology of digestion.”

Ivan Petrovich was born on September 14, 1849 in the city of Ryazan. Pavlov's parents on both the paternal and maternal sides were church ministers. Father Pyotr Dmitrievich Pavlov (), mother Varvara Ivanovna (Uspenskaya) (). Since childhood, she has been interested in animal physiology.

But 17 days after admission, he transferred to the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University (he specialized in physiology). In 1870 he entered the Faculty of Law (seminar students were limited in the choice of university specialties)

In the Madrid report, made in Russian, I. P. Pavlov first formulated the principles of the physiology of higher nervous activity, to which he devoted the next 35 years of his life. Concepts such as reinforcement, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes have become basic concepts in the science of behavior.

THE WELL-KNOWN DOMESTIC PHYSIOLOGIST PAVLOV SOMETHING IMPROVED THE EXPERIENCE. HE MADE A CUT IN THE DOG'S ESOPHAGUS, AND THEN BROUGHT THE ENDS OF THE RESULTING ESOPHAGUS OUTSIDE. AS A RESULT OF THIS, FOOD STOPPED COMING FROM THE DOG'S ORAL CAVITY DURING THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. IT FOUND OUT THAT EVEN UNDER THESE CONDITIONS, THE STOMACH RELEASES JUICE. JUICE EXCELLENCE IS A NATURAL RESULT OF IRRITATION OF THE RECEPTORS OF THE TONGUE AND ORAL MUCOSA. SIGNALS FROM THE RECEPTORS ARE DIRECTED TO THE MEDULENA, AND THEN, THROUGH THE NERVES, TO THE GASTROC GLANDS. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE GLANDS START ACTIVELY FUNCTIONING ALREADY WHEN THE DOG SMELLS THE TREAT AND SEES THE BOWL. AT THIS TIME, THE ANIMAL PRODUCES SALIVA INTENSIVELY.